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Repertory of the Comedie Humaine Pt 2

Honore de Balzac

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REPERTORY OF THE COMEDIE HUMAINE, PART II, L -- Z

January, 2001 [Etext #2469]

Project Gutenberg Etext of Repertory of the Comedie Humaine Pt 2

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REPERTORY OF THE COMEDIE HUMAINE

PART II, L -- Z

LA BASTIE (Monsieur, Madame and Mademoiselle de). (See Mignon.)

LA BASTIE LA BRIERE (Ernest de), member of a good family of Toulouse,

born in 1802; very similar in appearance to Louis XIII.; from 1824 to

1829, private secretary to the minister of finances. On the advice of

Madame d'Espard, and thus being of service to Eleonore de Chaulieu, he

became secretary to Melchior de Canalis and, at the same time,

referendary of the Cour des Comptes. He became a chevalier of the

Legion of Honor. In 1829 he conducted for Canalis a love romance by

correspondence, the heroine of the affair being Marie-Modeste-Mignon

de la Bastie (of Havre). He played this part so successfully that she

fell in love and marriage was agreed upon. This union, which made him

the wealthy Vicomte de la Bastie la Briere, was effected the following

February in 1830. Canalis and the minister of 1824 were witnesses for

Ernest de la Briere, who fully deserved his good fortune. [The

Government Clerks. Modeste Mignon.]

LA BASTIE LA BRIERE (Madame Ernest de), wife of the preceding, born

Marie-Modeste Mignon about 1809, younger daughter of Charles Mignon de

la Bastie and of Bettina Mignon de la Bastie--born Wallenrod. In 1829,

while living with her family at Havre, with the same love, evoked by a

passion for literature, which Bettina Brentano d'Arnim conceived for

Goethe, she fell in love with Melchior de Canalis; she wrote

frequently to the poet in secret, and he responded through the medium

of Ernest de la Briere; thus there sprang up between the young girl

and the secretary a mutual love which resulted in marriage. The

witnesses for Marie-Modeste Mignon were the Duc d'Herouville and

Doctor Desplein. As one of the most envied women in Parisian circles,

in the time of Louis Philippe, she became the close friend of Mesdames

de l'Estorade and Popinot. [Modeste Mignon. The Member for Arcis.

Cousin Betty.] La Bastie is sometimes written La Batie.

LA BAUDRAYE[*] (Jean-Athanase-Polydore Milaud de), born in 1780 in

Berry, descended from the simple family of Milaud, recently enobled.

M. de la Baudraye's father was a good financier of pleasing

disposition; his mother was a Casteran la Tour. He was in poor health,

his weak constitution being the heritage left him by an immoral

father. His father, on dying, also left him a large number of notes to

which were affixed the noble signatures of the emigrated aristocracy.

His avarice aroused, Polydore de la Baudraye occupied himself, at the

time of the Restoration, with collecting these notes; he made frequent

trips to Paris; negotiated with Clement Chardin des Lupeaulx at the

Hotel de Mayence; obtained, under a promise, afterwards executed, to

sell them profitably, some positions and titles, and became

successively auditor of the seals, baron, officer of the Legion of

Honor and master of petitions. The individual receivership of

Sancerre, which became his also, was bought by Gravier. M. de la

Baudraye did not leave Sancerre; he married towards 1823 Mademoiselle

Dinah Piedefer, became a person of large property following his

acquisition to the castle and estate of Anzy, settled this property

with the title upon a natural son of his wife; he so worked upon her

feelings as to get from her the power of attorney and signature,

sailed for America, and became rich through a large patrimony left him

by Silas Piedefer--1836-42. At that time he owned in Paris a stately

mansion, on rue de l'Arcade, and upon winning back his wife, who had

left him, he placed her in it as mistress. He now became count,

commander of the Legion of Honor, and peer of France. Frederic de

Nucingen received him as such and served him as sponsor, when, in the

summer of 1842, the death of Ferdinand d'Orleans necessitated the

presence of M. de la Baudraye at Luxembourg. [The Muse of the

Department.]

[*] The motto on the Baudraye coat-of-arms was: "Deo patet sic fides

et hominibus."

LA BAUDRAYE (Madame Polydore Milaud de), wife of the preceding, born

Dinah Piedefer in 1807 or 1808 in Berry; daughter of the Calvinist,

Moise Piedefer; niece of Silas Piedefer, from whom she inherited a

fortune. She was brilliantly educated at Bourges, in the Chamarolles

boarding-school, with Anna de Fontaine, born Grosstete--1819. Five

years later, through personal ambition, she gave up Protestantism,

that she might gain the protection of the Cardinal-Archbishop of

Bourges, and a short time after her conversion she was married, about

1823. For thirteen consecutive years, at least, Madame de la Baudraye

reigned in the city of Sancerre and in her country-house, Chateau

d'Anzy, at Saint-Satur near by. Her court was composed of a strange

mixture of people: the Abbe Duret and Messieurs Clagny, Gravier,

Gatien Boirouge. At first, only Clagny and Duret know of the literary

attempts of Jan Diaz, pseudonym of Madame de la Baudraye, who had just

bought the artistic furniture of the Rougets of Issoudun, and who

invited and received two "Parisiens de Sancerre," Horace Bianchon and

Etienne Lousteau, in September 1836. A liaison followed with Etienne

Lousteau, with whom Madame de la Baudraye lived on rue des Martyrs in

Paris from 1837 to 1839. As a result of this union she had two sons,

recognized later by M. de la Baudraye. Madame de la Baudraye now

putting into use the talent, neglected during her love affair, became

a writer. She wrote "A Prince of Bohemia," founded on an anecodote

related to her by Raoul Nathan, and probably published this novel. The

fear of endless scandal, the entreaties of husband and mother, and the

unworthiness of Lousteau, finally led Dinah de la Baudraye to rejoin

her husband, who owned an elegant mansion on rue de l'Arcade. This

return, which took place in May, 1842, surprised Madame d'Espard, a

woman who was not easily astonished. Paris of the reign of Louis

Philippe often quoted Dinah de la Baudraye and paid considerable

attention to her. During this same year, 1842, she assisted in the

first presentation of Leon Gozlan's drama, "The Right Hand and the

Left Hand," given at the Odeon. [The Muse of the Department. A Prince

of Bohemia. Cousin Betty.]

LA BERGE (De), confessor of Madame de Mortsauf at Clochegourde, strict

and virtuous. He died in 1817, mourned on account of his "apostolic

strength," by his patron, who appointed as his successor the over-

indulgent Francois Birotteau. [The Lily of the Valley.]

LA BERTELLIERE, father of Madame la Gaudiniere, grandfather of Madame

Felix Grandet, was lieutenant in the French Guards; he died in 1806,

leaving a large fortune. He considered investments a "waste of money."

Nearly twenty years later his portrait was still hanging in the hall

of Felix Grandet's house at Saumur. [Eugenie Grandet.]

LA BILLARDIERE (Anthanase-Jean-Francoise-Michel, Baron Flamet de), son

of a counselor in the Parliament of Bretagne, took part in the Vendean

wars as a captain under the name of Nantais, and as negotiator played

a singular part at Quiberon. The Restoration rewarded the services of

this unintelligent member of the petty nobility, whose Catholicism was

more lukewarm than his love of monarchy. He became mayor of the second

district of Paris, and division-chief in the Bureau of Finances,

thanks to his kinship with a deputy on the Right. He was one of the

guests at the famous ball given by his deputy, Cesar Birotteau, whom

he had known for twenty years. On his death-bed, at the close of

December, 1824, he had designated, although without avail, as his

successor, Xavier Rabourdin, one of the division-chiefs and real

director of the bureau of which La Billiardiere was the nominal head.

The newspapers published obituaries of the deceased. The short notice

prepared jointly by Chardin des Lupeaulx, J.-J. Bixiou and F. du

Bruel, enumerated the many titles and decorations of Flamet de la

Billardiere, gentleman of the king's bedchamber, etc., etc. [The

Chouans. Cesar Birotteau. The Government Clerks.]

LA BILLARDIERE (Benjamin, Chevalier de), son of the preceding, born in

1802. He was a companion of the young Vicomte de Portenduere in 1824,

being at the time a rich supernumerary in the office of Isidore

Baudoyer under the division of his father, Flamet de la Billardiere.

His insolence and foppishness gave little cause for regret when he

left the Bureau of Finances for the Department of Seals in the latter

part of the same year, 1824, that marked the expected and unlamented

death of Baron Flamet de la Billardiere. [The Government Clerks.]

LA BLOTTIERE (Mademoiselle Merlin de), under the Restoration, a kind

of dowager and canoness at Tours; in company with Mesdames Pauline

Salomon de Villenoix and de Listomere, upheld, received and welcomed

Francois Birotteau. [The Vicar of Tours.]

LABRANCHOIR (Comte de), owner of an estate in Dauphine under the

Restoration, and, as such, a victim of the depredations of the

poacher, Butifer. [The Country Doctor.]

LA BRIERE (Ernest de). (See La Bastie la Briere.)

LACEPEDE (Comte de), a celebrated naturalist, born at Agen in 1756,

died at Paris in 1825. Grand chancelor of the Legion of Honor for

several years towards the beginning of the nineteenth century. This

well-known philosopher was invited to Cesar Birotteau's celebrated

ball, December 17, 1818. [Cesar Birotteau.]

LA CHANTERIE (Le Chantre de), of a Norman family dating from the

crusade of Philippe Auguste, but which had fallen into obscurity by

the end of the eighteenth century; he owned a small fief between Caen

and Saint-Lo. M. le Chantre de la Chanterie had amassed in the

neighborhood of three hundred thousand crowns by supplying the royal

armies during the Hanoverian war. He died during the Revolution, but

before the Terror. [The Seamy Side of History.]

LA CHANTERIE (Baron Henri Le Chantre de), born in 1763, son of the

preceding, shrewd, handsome and seductive. When master of petitions in

the Grand Council of 1788, he married Mademoiselle Barbe-Philiberte de

Champignelles. Ruined during the Restoration through having lost his

position and thrown away his inheritance, Henri Le Chantre de la

Chanterie became one of the most cruel presidents of the revolutionary

courts and was the terror of Normandie. Imprisoned after the ninth

Thermidor, he owed his escape to his wife, by means of an exchange of

clothing. He did not see her more than three times during eight years,

the last meeting being in 1802, when, having become a bigamist, he

returned to her home to die of a disgraceful disease, leaving, at the

same time, a second wife, likewise ruined. This last fact was not made

public until 1804. [The Seamy Side of History.]

LA CHANTERIE (Baronne Henri Le Chantre de), wife of the preceding,

born Barbe-Philiberte de Champignelles in 1772, a descendant of one of

the first families of Lower Normandie. Married in 1788, she received

in her home, fourteen years later, the dying man whose name she bore,

a bigamist fleeing from justice. By him she had a daughter, Henriette,

who was executed in 1809 for having been connected with the Chauffeurs

in Orne. Unjustly accused herself, and imprisoned in the frightful

Bicetre of Rouen, the baroness began to instruct in morals the sinful

women among whom she found herself thrown. The fall of the Empire was

her deliverance. Twenty years later, being part owner of a house in

Paris, Madame de la Chanterie undertook the training of Godefroid. She

was then supporting a generous private philanthropic movement, with

the help of Manon Godard and Messieurs de Veze, de Montauran, Mongenod

and Alain. Madame de la Chanterie aided the Bourlacs and the Mergis,

an impoverished family of magistrates who had persecuted her in 1809.

Her Christian works were enlarged upon. In 1843 the baroness became

head of a charitable organization which was striving to consecrate,

according to law and religion, the relations of those living in free

union. To this end she selected one member of the society, Adeline

Hulot d'Ervy, and sent her to Passage du Soleil, then a section of

Petite-Pologne, to try to bring about the marriage of Vyder--Hector

Hulot d'Ervy--and Atala Judici. [The Seamy Side of History. Cousin

Betty.] The Revolution having done away with titles, Madame de la

Chanterie called herself momentarily Madame, or Citizeness, Lechantre.

LACROIX, restaurant-keeper on Place du Marche, Issoudun, 1822, in

whose house the Bonapartist officers celebrated the crowning of the

Emperor. On December 2, of the same year, the duel between Philippe

Bridau and Maxence took place after the entertainment. [A Bachelor's

Establishment.]

LAFERTE (Nicolas). (See Cochegrue, Jean.)

LA GARDE (Madame de). (See Aquilina.)

LA GAUDINIERE (Madame), born La Bertelliere, mother of Madame Felix

Grandet; very avaricious; died in 1806; leaving the Felix Grandets an

inheritance, "the amount of which no one knew." [Eugenie Grandet.]

LAGINSKI (Comte Adam Mitgislas), a wealthy man who had been

proscribed, belonged to one of the oldest and most illustrious

families of Poland, and counted among his relations the Sapiehas, the

Radziwills, the Mniszechs, the Rezwuskis, the Czartoriskis, the

Lecszinskis, and the Lubomirskis. He had relations in the German

nobility and his mother was a Radziwill. Young, plain, yet with a

certain distinguished bearing, with an income of eighty thousand

francs, Laginski was a leading light in Paris, during the reign of

Louis Philippe. After the Revolution of July, while still

unsophisticated, he attended an entertainment at the home of Felicite

des Touches in Chaussee-d'Antin on rue du Mont-Blanc, and had the

opportunity of listening to the delightful chats between Henri de

Marsay and Emile Blondet. Comte Adam Laginski, during the autumn of

1835, married the object of his affections, Mademoiselle Clementine du

Rouvre, niece of the Ronquerolles. The friendship of his steward, Paz,

saved him from the ruin into which his creole-like carelessness, his

frivolity and his recklessness were dragging him. He lived in perfect

contentment with his wife, ignorant of the domestic troubles which

were kept from his notice. Thanks to the devotion of Paz and of Madame

Laginska, he was cured of a malady which had been pronounced fatal by

Doctor Horace Bianchon. Comte Adam Laginski lived on rue de la

Pepiniere, now absorbed in part by rue de la Boetie. He occupied one

of the most palatial and artistic houses of the period, so called, of

Louis Philippe. He attended the celebration given in 1838 at the first

opening of Josepha Mirah's residence on rue de la Ville-l'Eveque. In

this same year he attended the wedding of Wenceslas Steinbock.

[Another Study of Woman. The Imaginary Mistress. Cousin Betty.]

LAGINSKA (Comtesse Adam), born Clementine du Rouvre in 1816, wife of

the preceding, niece, on her mother's side, of the Marquis de

Ronquerolles and of Madame de Serizy. She was one of the charming

group of young women, which included Mesdames de l'Estorade, de

Portenduere, Marie de Vandenesse, du Guenic and de Maufrigneuse.

Captain Paz was secretly in love with the countess, who, becoming

aware of her steward's affection, ended by having very nearly the same

kind of feeling for him. The unselfish virtue of Paz was all that

saved her; not only at this juncture, but in another more dangerous

one, when he rescued her from M. de la Palferine, who was escorting

her to the Opera ball and who was on the point of taking her to a

private room in a restaurant--January, 1842. [The Imaginary Mistress.]

LAGOUNIA (Perez de), woolen-draper at Tarragone in Catalonia, in the

time of Napoleon, under obligations to La Marana. He reared as his own

daughter, in a very pious manner, Juana, a child of the celebrated

Italian courtesan, until her mother visited her, during the time of

the French occupation in 1808. [The Maranas.]

LAGOUNIA (Donna de), wife of the preceding, divided with him the care

of Juana Marana until the girl's mother came to Tarragone at the time

it was sacked by the French. [The Maranas.]

LA GRAVE (Mesdemoiselles), kept a boarding-house in 1824 on rue Notre-

Dame-des Champs in Paris. In this house M. and Madame Phellion gave

lessons. [The Government Clerks.]

LAGUERRE (Mademoiselle), given name, probably, Sophie, born in 1740,

died in 1815, one of the most celebrated courtesans of the eighteenth

century; opera singer, and fervent follower of Piccini. In 1790,

frightened by the march of public affairs, she established herself at

the Aigues, in Bourgogne, property procured for her by Bouret, from

its former owner. Before Buoret, the grandfather of La Palferine,

entertained her, and she brought about his ruin. The recklessness of

this woman, surrounded as she was by such notorious knaves as

Gaubertin, Fourchon, Tonsard, and Madame Soudry, prepared no little

trouble for Montcornet, the succeeding proprietor. Sophie Laguerre's

fortune was divided among eleven families of poor farmers, all living

in the neighborhood of Amiens, who were ignorant of their relationship

with her. [The Peasantry. A Prince of Bohemia.] M. H. Gourdon de

Genouillac wrote a biography of the singer, containing many details

which are at variance with the facts here cited. Among other things we

are told that the given name of Mademoiselle Laguerre was Josephine

and not Sophie.

LA HAYE (Mademoiselle de). (See Petit-Claud, Madame.)

LAMARD, probably a rival of Felix Gaudissart. In a cafe in Blois, May,

1831, he praised the well-known commercial traveler, who treated him,

nevertheless, as a "little cricket." [Gaudissart the Great.]

LAMBERT (Louis), born in 1797 at Montoire in Loire-et-Cher. Only son

of simple tanners, who did not try to counteract his inclination,

shown when a mere child, for study. He was sent in 1807 to Lefebvre, a

maternal uncle, who was vicar of Mer, a small city on the Loire near

Blois. Under the kindly care of Madame de Stael, he was a student in

the college of Vendome from 1811 to 1814. Lambert met there Barchon de

Penhoen and Jules Dufaure. He was apparently a poor scholar, but

finally developed into a prodigy; he suffered the persecutions of

Father Haugoult, by whose brutal hands his "Treatise on the Will,"

composed during class hours, was seized and destroyed. The

mathematician had already doubled his capacity by becoming a

philosopher. His comrades had named him Pythagoras. His course

completed, and his father being dead, Louis Lambert lived for two

years at Blois, with Lefebvre, until, growing desirous of seeing

Madame de Stael, he journeyed to Paris on foot, arriving July 14,

1817. Not finding his illustrious benefactress alive, he returned home

in 1820. During these three years Lambert lived the life of a workman,

became a close friend of Meyraux, and was cherished and admired as a

member of the Cenacle on rue des Quatre-Vents, which was presided over

by Arthez. Once more he went to Blois, journeyed over Touraine, and

became acquainted with Pauline Salomon de Villenoix, whom he loved

with a passion that was reciprocated. He had suffered from brain

trouble previous to their engagement, and as the wedding day

approached the disease grew constantly worse, although occasionally

there were periods of relief. During one of these good periods, in

1822, Lambert met the Cambremers at Croisic, and on the suggestion of

Pauline de Villenoix, he made a study of their history. The malady

returned, but was interrupted occasionally by outburts of beautiful

thought, the fragments of which were collected by Mademoiselle

Salomon. Louis had likewise occasional fits of insanity. He believed

himself powerless and wished, one day, to perform on his own body

Origene's celebrated operation. Lambert died September 25, 1824, the

day before the date selected for his marriage with Pauline. [Louis

Lambert. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. A Seaside Tragedy.]

LAMBERT (Madame), lived in Paris in 1840. She was then at a very pious

age, "played the saint," and performed the duties of housekeeper for

M. Picot, professor of mathematics, No. 9, rue du Val-de-Grace. In the

service of this old philosopher she reaped enormous profits. Madame

Lambert hypocritically took advantage of her apparent devotion to him.

She sought Theodose de la Peyrade, and begged him to write a memorial

to the Academy in her favor, for she longed to receive the reward

offered by Montyon. At the same time she put into La Peyrade's keeping

twenty-five thousand francs, which she had accumulated by her

household thefts. On this occasion, Madame Lambert seems to have been

the secret instrument of Corentin, the famous police-agent. [The

Middle Classes.]

LANGEAIS (Duc de), a refugee during the Restoration, who planned, at

the time of the Terror, by correspondence with the Abbe de Marolles

and the Marquis de Beauseant to help escape from Paris, where they

were in hiding, two nuns, one of whom, Sister Agathe, was a Langeais.

[An Episode Under the Terror.] In 1812 Langeais married Mademoiselle

Antoinette de Navarreins, who was then eighteen years old. He allowed

his wife every liberty, and, neither abandoning any of his habits, nor

giving up any of his pleasures, he lived, indeed, apart from her. In

1818 Langeais commanded a division in the army and occupied a position

at court. He died in 1823. [The Thirteen.]

LANGEAIS (Duchesse Antoinette de),[*] wife of the preceding, daughter

of the Duc de Navarreins; born in 1794; reared by the Princesse de

Blamont-Chauvry, her aunt; grand-niece of the Vidame de Pamiers; niece

of the Duc de Grandlieu by her marriage. Very beautiful and

intelligent, Madame de Langeais reigned in Paris at the beginning of

the Restoration. In 1819 her best friend was the Vicomtesse Claire de

Beauseant, whom she wounded cruelly, for her own amusement, calling on

her one morning for the express purpose of announcing the marriage of

the Marquis d'Ajuda-Pinto. Of this pitiless proceeding she repented

later, and asked pardon, moreover, of the foresaken woman. Soon

afterwards the Duchesse de Langeais had the pleasure of captivating

the Marquis de Montriveau, playing for him the role of Celimene and

making him suffer greatly. He had his revenge, however, for, scorned

in her turn, or believing herself scorned, she suddenly disappeared

from Paris, after having scandalized the whole Saint-Germain community

by remaining in her carriage for a long time in front of the

Montriveau mansion. Some bare-footed Spanish Carmelites received her

on their island in the Mediterranean, where she became Sister Therese.

After prolonged searching Montriveau found her, and, in the presence

of the mother-superior, had a conversation with her as she stood

behind the grating. Finally he managed to carry her off--dead. In this

bold venture the marquis was aided by eleven of The Thirteen, among

them being Ronquerolles and Marsay. The duchess, having lost her

husband, was free at the time of her death in 1824. [Father Goriot.

The Thirteen.]

[*] At the Vaudeville and Gaite theatres in Paris, Ancelot and Alexis

Decomberousse at the former, and Messieurs Ferdinand Dugue and

Peaucellier at the latter, brought out plays founded on the life

of Antoinette de Langeais, in 1834 and 1868 respectively.

LANGEAIS (Mademoiselle de). (See Agathe, Sister.)

LANGLUME, miller, a jolly impulsive little man, in 1823 deputy-mayor

of Blangy in Bourgogne, at the time of the political, territorial and

financial contests of which the country was the theatre, with Rigou

and Montcornet as actors. He was of great service to Genevieve

Niseron's paternal grandfather. [The Peasantry.]

LANGUET, vicar, built Saint-Sulpice, and was an acquaintance of

Toupillier, who asked alms in 1840 at the doors of this church in

Paris, which since 1860 has been one of the sixth ward parish

churches. [The Middle Classes.]

LANSAC (Duchesse de), of the younger branch of the Parisian house of

Navarreins, 1809, the proud woman who shone under Louis XV. The

Duchesse de Lansac, in November of the same year, consented, one

evening, to meet Isemberg, Montcornet, and Martial de la Roche-Hugon

in Malin de Gondreville's house, for the purpose of conciliating her

nephew and niece in their domestic quarrel. [Domestic Peace.]

LANTIMECHE, born in 1770. In 1840, at Paris, a penniless journeyman

locksmith and inventor, he went to the money-lender, Cerizet, on rue

des Poules, to borrow a hundred francs. [The Middle Classes.]

LANTY (Comte de), owner of an expensive mansion near the Elysee-

Bourbon, which he had bought from the Marechal de Carigliano. He gave

there under the Restoration some magnificent entertainments, at which

were present the upper classes of Parisian society, ignorant, though

they were, of the count's lineage. Lanty, who was a mysterious man,

passed for a clever chemist. He had married the rich niece of the

peculiar eunuch, Zambinella, by whom he had two children, Marianina

and Filippo. [Sarrasine. The Member for Arcis.]

LANTY (Comtesse de), wife of the preceding, born in 1795, niece and

likewise adopted daughter of the wealthy eunuch, Zambinella, was the

mistress of M. de Maucombe, by whom she had a daughter, Marianina de

Lanty. [Sarrasine. The Member for Arcis.]

LANTY (Marianina de), daughter of the preceding and according to law

of the Comte de Lanty, although she was in reality the daughter of M.

de Maucombe; born in 1809. She bore a striking resemblance to her

sister, Renee de l'Estorade, born Maucombe. In 1825 she concealed, and

lavished care on her great-uncle, Zambinella. During her parents'

sojourn in Rome she took lessons in sculpture of Charles Dorlange, who

afterwards, in 1839, became a member for Arcis, under the name of

Comte de Sallenauve. [Sarrasine. The Member for Arcis.]

LANTY (Filippo de), younger brother of the preceding, second child of

the Comte and the Comtesse de Lanty. Being young and handsome he was

an attendant at the fetes given by his parents during the Restoration.

By his marriage, which took place under Louis Philippe, he became

allied with the family of a German grand duke. [Sarrasine. The Member

for Arcis.]

LA PALFERINE (Gabriel-Jean-Anne-Victor-Benjamin-Georges-Ferdinand-

Charles-Edouard-Rusticoli, Comte de), born in 1802; of an ancient

Italian family which had become impoverished; grandson on the paternal

side of one of the protectors of Josephine-Sophie Laguerre; descended

indirectly from the Comtesse Albany--whence his given name of Charles-

Edouard. He had in his veins the mixed blood of the condottiere and

the gentleman. Under Louis Philippe, idle and fast going to ruin, with

his Louis XIII. cast of countenance, his evil-minded wit, his lofty

independent manners, insolent yet winning, he was a type of the

brilliant Bohemian of the Boulevard de Gand; so much so, that Madame

de la Baudraye, basing her information on points furnished her by

Nathan, one day drew a picture of him, writing a description in which

artificiality and artlessness were combined. In this were many

interesting touches: La Palferine's contempt shown at all times for

the bourgeois class and forms of government; the request for the

return of his toothbrush, then in the possession of a deserted

mistress, Antonia Chocardelle; his relations with Madame du Bruel,

whom he laid siege to, won, and neglected--a yielding puppet, of whom,

strange to say, he broke the heart and made the fortune. He lived at

that time in the Roule addition, in a plain garret, where he was in

the habit of receiving Zephirin Marcas. The wretchedness of his

quarters did not keep La Palferine out of the best society, and he was

the guest of Josepha Mirah at the first entertainment given in her

house on rue de la Ville-l'Eveque. By a strange order of events, Comte

Rusticoli became Beatrix de Rochefide's lover, a few years after the

events just narrated, at a time when the Debats published a novel by

him which was spoken of far and wide. Nathan laid the foundation for

this affair. Trailles, Charles-Edouard's master, carried on the

negotiations and brought the intrigue to a consummation, being urged

on by the Abbe Brossette's assent and the Duchesse de Grandlieu's

request. La Palferine's liaison with Madame de Rochefide effected a

reconciliation between Calyste du Guenic and his wife. In the course

of time, however, Comte Rusticoli deserted Beatrix and sent her back

to her husband, Arthur de Rochefide. During the winter of 1842 La

Palferine was attracted to Madame de Laginska, had some meetings with

her, but failed in this affair through the intervention of Thaddee

Paz. [A Prince of Bohemia. A Man of Business. Cousin Betty. Beatrix.

The Imaginary Mistress.]

LA PEYRADE (Charles-Marie-Theodose de), born near Avignon in 1813, one

of eleven children of the police-agent Peyrade's youngest brother, who

lived in poverty on a small estate called Canquoelle; a bold

Southerner of fair skin; given to reflection; ambitious, tactful and

astute. In 1829 he left the department of Vaucluse and went to Paris

on foot in search of Peyrade who, he had reason to believe, was

wealthy, but of whose business he was ignorant. Theodose departed

through the Barriere d'Enfer, which has been destroyed since 1860, at

the moment when Jacques Collin murdered his uncle. At that time he

entered a house of ill-fame, where he had unwittingly for mistress

Lydie Peyrade, his full-blooded cousin. Theodose then lived for three

years on a hundred louis which Corentin had secretly given to him. On

giving him the money, the national chief of police quietly advised him

to become an attorney. Journalism, however, at first, seemed a

tempting career to M. de la Peyrade, and he went into politics,

finally becoming editor of a paper managed by Cerizet. The failure of

this journal left Theodose once more very poor. Nevertheless, through

Corentin, who secretly paid the expenses of his studies, he was able

to begin and continue a course in law. Once licensed, M. de la Peyrade

became a barrister and professing to be entirely converted to

Socialism, he freely pleaded the cause of the poor before the

magistrate of the eleventh or twelfth district. He occupied the third

story of the Thuillier house on rue Saint-Dominique-d'Enfer. He fell

into the hands of Dutocq and Cerizet and suffered under the pressure

of these grasping creditors. Theodose now decided that he would marry

M. Thuillier's natural daughter, Mademoiselle Celeste Colleville, but,

with Felix Phellion's love to contend with, despite the combined

support, gained with difficulty, of Madame Colleville and of M. and

Mademoiselle Thuillier, he failed through Corentin's circumvention.

His marriage with Lydie Peyrade repaired the wrong which he had

formerly done unwittingly. As successor to Corentin he became national

chief-of-police in 1840. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. The Middle

Classes.]

LA PEYRADE (Madame de), first cousin and wife of the preceding, born

Lydie Peyrade in 1810, natural daughter of the police officer Peyrade

and of Mademoiselle Beaumesnil; passed her childhood successively in

Holland and in Paris, on rue des Moineaux, whence, Jacques Collin,

thirsting for revenge, abducted her during the Restoration. Being

somewhat in love, at that time, with Lucien de Rubempre she was taken

to a house of ill-fame, Peyrade being at the time very ill. Upon her

departure she was insane. Her own cousin, Theodose de la Peyrade, had

been her lover there, fortuitously and without dreaming that they were

blood relatives. Corentin adopted this insane girl, who was a talented

musician and singer, and at his home on rue Honore-Chevalier, in 1840,

he arranged for both the cure and the marriage of his ward. [Scenes

from a Courtesan's Life. The Middle Classes.]

LA POURAILLE, usual surname of Dannepont.

LARAVINIERE, tavern-keeper in Western France, lodged "brigands" who

had armed themselves as Royalists under the first Empire. He was

condemned, either by Bourlac or Mergi, to five years in prison. [The

Seamy Side of History.]

LARDOT (Madame), born in 1771, lived in Alencon in 1816 on rue du

Cours--a street still bearing the same name. She was a laundress, and

took as boarders a relative named Grevin and the Chevalier de Valois.

She had among her employes Cesarine and Suzanne, afterwards Madame

Theodore Gaillard. [Jealousies of a Country Town.]

LAROCHE, born in 1763 at Blangy in Bourgogne, was, in 1823, an aged

vine-dresser, who felt a calm, relentless hatred for the rich,

especially the Montcornets, occupants of Aigues. [The Peasantry.]

LA ROCHE (Sebastien de), born early in the nineteenth century, was

probably the son of an unpretentious, retired Treasury clerk. In

December, 1824, he found himself in Paris, poor, but capable and

zealous, as a supernumerary in the office of Xavier Rabourdin of the

Department of Finance. He lived with his widowed mother in the busiest

part of Marais on rue du Roi-Dore. M. and Madame Rabourdin received

and gave him assistance by preparing a copy of a rare and mysterious

government work. The discovery of this book by Dutocq unfortunately

resulted in the discharge of both chief and clerk. [The Government

Clerks.]

LA ROCHE-GUYON (De), the eldest of one of the oldest families in the

section of Orne, at one time connected with the Esgrignons, who

visited them frequently. In 1805 he sued vainly, through Maitre

Chesnel, for the hand of Armande d'Esgrignon. [Jealousies of a Country

Town.]

LA ROCHE-HUGON (Martial de), shrewd, turbulent and daring Southerner,

had a long and brilliant administrative career in politics. Even in

1809 the Council of State employed him as one of the masters of

petitions. Napoleon Bonaparte was patron of this young Provencal.

Also, in November of the same year, Martial was invited to the fete

given by Malin de Gondreville--a celebration which the Emperor was

vainly expected to attend. Montcornet was present, also the Duchesse

de Lansac, who succeeded in bringing about a reconciliation between

her nephew and niece, M. and Madame de Soulanges. M. de la Roche-

Hugon's mistress, Madame de Vaudremont, was also in attendance at this

ball. For five years he had enjoyed a close friendship with

Montcornet, and this bond was lasting. In 1815 the securing of Aigues

for Montcornet was undertaken by Martial, who had served as prefect

under the Empire, and retained his office under the Bourbons. Thus

from 1821 to 1823 M. de la Roche-Hugon was at the head of the

department in Bourgogne, which contained Aigues and Ville-aux-Fayes,

M. des Lupeaulx's sub-prefecture. A dismissal from this office, to

which the Comte de Casteran succeeded, threw Martial into the

opposition among the Liberalists, but this was for a short time, as he

soon accepted an embassy. Louis Philippe's government honored M. de la

Roche-Hugon by making him minister, ambassador, and counselor of

state. Eugene de Rastignac, who had favored him before, now gave him

one of his sisters in marriage. Several children resulted from this

union. Martial continued to remain influential and associated with the

popular idols of the time, M. and Madame de l'Estorade. His relations

with the national chief of police, Corentin, in 1840, were also

indicative of his standing. As a deputy the next year M. de la Roche-

Hugon probably filled the directorship in the War Department, left

vacant by Hector Hulot. [Domestic Peace. The Peasantry. A Daughter of

Eve. The Member for Arcis. The Middle Classes. Cousin Betty.]

LA ROCHE-HUGON (Madame Martial de). (See Rastignac, Mesdemoiselles

de.)

LA RODIERE (Stephanie de). (See Nueil, Madame Gaston de.)

LA ROULIE (Jacquin), chief huntsman of the Prince de Cadignan, took

part with his master, in 1829, in the exciting hunt given in

Normandie, in which as spectators or riders were the Mignons de la

Bastie, the Maufrigneuses, the Herouvilles, M. de Canalis, Eleonore de

Chaulieu and Ernest de la Briere. Jacquin la Roulie was at that time

an old man and a firm believer in the French school; he had an

argument with John Barry, another guest, who defended English

principles. [Modeste Mignon.]

LARSONNIERE (M. and Madame de), formed the aristocracy of the little

city of Saumur, of which Felix Grandet had been mayor in the years

just previous to the First Empire. [Eugenie Grandet.]

LA THAUMASSIERE (De), grandson of the Berry historian, a young land-

owner, the dandy of Sancerre. While present in Madame de la Baudraye's

parlor, he had the misfortune to yawn during an exposition which she

was giving, for the fourth time, of Kant's philosophy; he was

henceforth looked upon as a man completely lacking in understanding

and in soul. [The Muse of the Department.]

LATOURNELLE (Simon-Babylas), born in 1777, was notary at Havre, where

he had bought the most extensive practice for one hundred thousand

francs, lent him in 1817 by Charles Mignon de la Bastie. He married

Mademoiselle Agnes Labrosse, having by her one son, Exupere. He

remained the intimate friend of his benefactors, the Mignons. [Modeste

Mignon.]

LATOURNELLE (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Agnes Labrosse,

daughter to the clerk of the court of first instance at Havre. Tall

and ungainly of figure, a bourgeoise of rather ancient tastes, at the

same time good-hearted, she had somewhat late in life, by her

marriage, a son whose given name was Exupere. She entertained Jean

Butscha. Madame Latournelle was a frequent visitor of the Mignons de

la Bastie, and at all times testified her affection for them. [Modeste

Mignon.]

LATOURNELLE (Exupere), son of the preceding couple, went with them to

visit the Mignons de la Bastie, towards the end of the Restoration. He

was then a tall, insignificant young man. [Modeste Mignon.]

LAUDIGEOIS, married, head of a family, typical petty bourgeois,

employed during the Restoration by the mayor of the eleventh or

twelfth ward in Paris, a position from which he was unjustly expelled

by Colleville in 1840. In 1824 an intimate neighbor of the Phellions,

and exactly like them in morals, he attended their informal card-party

on Thursday evening. Laudigeois, introduced by the Phellions, finally

became a close friend of the Thuilliers, during the reign of Louis

Philippe. His civil statistical record should be corrected, as his

name in several of the papers is spelled Leudigeois. [The Government

Clerks. The Middle Classes.]

LAURE, given name of a sweet and charming young peasant girl, who took

Servin's course in painting at Paris in 1815. She protected Ginevra di

Piombo, an affectionate friend, who was her elder. [The Vendetta.]

LAURENT, a Savoyard, Antoine's nephew; husband of an expert laundress

of laces, mender of cashmeres, etc. In 1824 he lived with them and

their relative, Gabriel, in Paris. In the evening he was door-keeper

in a subsidized theatre; in the daytime he was usher in the Bureau of

Finance. In this position Laurent was first to learn of the worldly

and official success attained by Celestine Rabourdin, when she

attempted to have Xavier appointed successor to Flamet de la

Billardiere. [The Government Clerks.]

LAURENT, Paris, 1815, M. Henri de Marsay's servant, equal to the

Frontins of the old regime; was able to obtain for his master, through

the mail-carrier, Moinot, the address of Paquita Valdes and other

information about her. [The Thirteen.]

LAVIENNE, Jean-Jules Popinot's servant in Paris, rue du Fouarre, 1828;

"made on purpose for his master," whom he aided in his active

philanthropy by redeeming and renewing pledges given to the

pawnbrokers. He took the place of his master in Palais de Justice

during the latter's absence. [The Commission in Lunacy.]

LAVRILLE, famous naturalist, employed in the Jardin des Plantes, and

dwelling on rue de Buffon, Paris, 1831. Consulted as to the shagreen,

the enlargement of which was so passionately desired by Raphael de

Valentin, Lavrille could do nothing more than talk on the subject and

sent the young man to Planchette, the professor of mechanics.

Lavrille, "the grand mogul of zoology," reduced science to a catalogue

of names. He was then preparing a monograph on the duck family. [The

Magic Skin.]

LEBAS (Joseph), born in 1779, a penniless orphan, he was assisted and

employed in Paris, first by the Guillaumes, cloth-merchants on rue

Saint-Denis, at the Cat and Racket. Under the First Empire he married

Virginie,[*] the elder of his employer's daughters, although he was in

love with the younger, Mademoiselle Augustine. He succeeded the

Guilliaumes in business. [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket.] During

the first years of the Restoration he presided over the Tribunal of

Commerce. Joseph Lebas, who was intimate with M. and Madame Birotteau,

attended their ball with his wife. He also strove for Cesar's

rehabilitation. [Cesar Birotteau.] During the reign of Louis Philippe,

having for an intimate friend Celestin Crevel, he retired from

business and lived at Corbeil. [Cousin Betty.]

[*] The names of Virginie and Augustine are confused in the original

text.

LEBAS (Madame Joseph), wife of the preceding, born Virginie Guillaume

in 1784, elder of Guillaume's daughters, lived at the Cat and Racket;

the counterpart, physically and morally, of her mother. Under the

First Empire, at the parish church of Saint-Leu, Paris, her marriage

took place on the same day that her younger sister, Augustine de

Sommervieux, was wedded. The love which she felt for her husband was

not reciprocated. She viewed with indifference her sister's

misfortunes, became intimate in turn with the Birotteaus and the

Crevels; and, having retired from business, spent her last days in the

middle of Louis Philippe's reign at Corbeil. [At the Sign of the Cat

and Racket. Cesar Birotteau. Cousin Betty.]

LEBAS, probably a son of the preceding. In 1836 first assistant of the

king's solicitor at Sancerre; two years later counselor to the court

of Paris. In 1838 he would have married Hortense Hulot if Crevel had

not prevented the match. [The Muse of the Department. Cousin Betty.]

LEBOEUF, for a long time connected with the prosecuting attorney at

Nantes, being president of the court there in the latter part of Louis

Philippe's reign. He was well acquainted with the Camusot de

Marvilles, and knew Maitre Fraisier, who claimed his acquaintance in

1845. [Cousin Pons.]

LEBRUN, sub-lieutenant, then captain in the Seventy-second demi-

brigade, commanded by Hulot during the war against the Chouans in

1799. [The Chouans.]

LEBRUN, division-chief in the War Department in 1838. Marneffe was one

of his employes. [Cousin Betty.]

LEBRUN, protege, friend and disciple of Doctor Bouvard. Being a

physician at the prison in May, 1830, he was called upon to establish

the death of Lucien de Rubempre. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.] In

1845 Lebrun was chief physician of the Parisian boulevard theatre,

managed by Felix Gaudissart. [Cousin Pons.]

LECAMUS (Baron de Tresnes), counselor to the royal court of Paris,

lived, in 1816, rue Chanoinesse, with Madame de la Chanterie. Known

there by the name of Joseph, he was a Brother of Consolation in

company with Montauran, Alain, Abbe de Veze and Godefroid. [The Seamy

Side of History.]

LECHESNEAU, through the influence of Cambaceres and Bonaparte,

appointed attorney-general in Italy, but as a result of his many

disreputable love-affairs, despite his real capacity for office-

holding, he was forced to give up his position. Between the end of the

Republic and the beginning of the Empire he became head of the grand

jury at Troyes. Lechesneau, who had been repeatedly bribed by Senator

Malin, had to occupy himself in 1806 with the Hauteserre-Simeuse-Michu

affair. [The Gondreville Mystery.]

LECLERQ, native of Bourgogne, commissioner for the vinters in the

department to which Ville-aux-Fayes, a sub-prefecture of this same

province, belonged. He was of service to Gaubertin, Madame Soudry,

also Rigon, perhaps, and was in turn under obligations to them. Having

arranged a partnership he founded the house of "Leclerq & Company," on

Quai de Bethune, Ile Saint-Louis, Paris, in competition with the well-

known house of Grandet. In 1815 Leclerq married Jenny Gaubertin. As a

banker he dealt in wine commissions, and became regent of the National

Bank. During the Restoration he represented as deputy on the Left

Centre the district of Ville-aux-Fayes, and not far from the sub-

prefecture, in 1823, bought a large estate, which brought thirty

thousand francs rental. [The Peasantry.]

LECLERQ (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Jenny Gaubertin, eldest

daughter of Gaubertin, steward of Aigues in Bourgogne, received two

hundred thousand francs as dowry. [The Peasantry.]

LECLERQ, brother-in-law of the preceding, during the Restoration was

special collector at Ville-aux-Fayes, Bourgogne, and joined the other

members of his family in worrying, more or less, the Comte de

Montcornet. [The Peasantry.]

LECOCQ, a trader, whose failure was very cleverly foretold by

Guillaume at the Cat and Racket. This failure was Guillaume's Battle

of Marengo. [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket.]

LEFEBVRE, Louis Lambert's uncle, was successively oratorian, sworn

priest and cure of Mer, a small city near Blois. Had a delightful

disposition and a heart of rare tenderness. He exercised a watchful

care over the childhood and youth of his remarkable nephew. The Abbe

Lefebvre later on lived at Blois, the Restoration having caused him to

lose his position. In 1822, under form of a letter sent from Croisic,

he was the first to receive information concerning the Cambremers. The

next year, having become much older in appearance, while riding in a

stage-coach he told of the frightful state of suffering, sometimes

mingled with remarkable displays of intellect, which preceded the

death of Louis Lambert. [Louis Lambert. A Seaside Tragedy.]

LEFEBVRE (Robert), well-known French painter of the First Empire. In

1806, at the expense of Laurence de Cinq-Cygne, he painted Michu's

portrait. [The Gondreville Mystery.] Among the many paintings executed

by Robert Lefebvre is a portrait of Hulot d'Ervy dressed in the

uniform of chief commissary of the Imperial Guard. This is dated 1810.

[Cousin Betty.]

LEGANES (Marquis de), Spanish grandee, married, father of two

daughters, Clara and Mariquita, and of three sons, Juanito, Philippe

and Manuel. He manifested a spirit of patriotism in the war carried on

against the French during the Empire and died then under the most

tragic circumstances, in which Mariquita was an unwilling abettor. The

Marquis de Leganes died by the hand of his eldest son, who had been

condemned to be his executioner. [El Verdugo.]

LEGANES (Marquise de), wife of the preceding and condemned to die with

the other members of the family by the hand of her eldest son. She

spared him the necessity of doing this terrible deed of war by

committing suicide. [El Verdugo.]

LEGANES (Clara de), daughter of the preceding couple; also shared the

condemnation of the Marquis de Leganes and died by the hand of

Juanito. [El Verdugo.]

LEGANES (Mariquita de), sister of the preceding, had rescued Major

Victor Marchand of the French infantry from danger in 1808. In

testimony of his gratitude he was able to obtain pardon for one member

of the Leganes family, but with the horribly cruel provision that the

one spared should become executioner of the rest of the family. [El

Verdugo.]

LEGANES (Juanito de), brother of the last-named, born in 1778. Small

and of poor physique, of gentlemanly manners, yet proud and scornful,

he was gifted with that delicacy of feeling which in olden times

caused Spanish gallantry to be so well known. Upon the earnest request

of his proud-spirited family he consented to execute his father, his

two sisters and his two brothers. Juanito only was saved from death,

that his family might not become extinct. [El Verdugo.]

LEGANES (Philippe de), younger brother of the preceding, born in 1788,

a noble Spaniard condemned to death; executed by his elder brother in

1808, during the war waged against the French. [El Verdugo.]

LEGANES (Manuel de), born in 1800, youngest of the five Leganes

children, suffered, in 1808, during the war waged by the French in

Spain, the fate of his father, the marquis, and of his elder brother

and sisters. The youngest scion of this noble family died by the hand

of Juanito de Leganes. [El Verdugo.]

LEGER, extensive farmer of Beaumont-sur-Oise, married daughter of

Reybert, Moreau's successor as exciseman of the Presles estate,

belonging to the Comte de Serizy; had by his wife a daughter who

became, in 1838, Madame Joseph Bridau. [A Start in Life.]

LEGRELU, a bald-headed man, tall and good-looking; in 1840 became a

vintner in Paris on rue des Canettes, corner of rue Guisarde.

Toupillier, Madame Cardinal's uncle, the "pauper of Saint-Sulpice,"

was his customer. [The Middle Classes.]

LELEWEL, a nineteenth century revolutionist, head of the Polish

Republican party in Paris in 1835. One of his friends was Doctor Moise

Halpersohn. [The Imaginary Mistress. The Seamy Side of History.]

LEMARCHAND. (See Tours, Minieres des.)

LEMIRE, professor of drawing in the Imperial Lyceum, Paris, in 1812;

foresaw the talent of Joseph Bridau, one of his pupils, for painting,

and threw the future artist's mother into consternation by telling her

of this fact. [A Bachelor's Establishment.]

LEMPEREUR, in 1819, Chaussee-d'Antin, Paris, clerk to Charles

Claparon, at that time "straw-man" of Tillet, Roguin & Company. [Cesar

Birotteau.]

LEMPRUN, born in 1745, son-in-law of Galard, market-gardener of

Auteuil. Employed, in turn, in the houses of Thelusson and of Keller

in Paris, he was probably the first messenger in the service of the

Bank of France, having entered that establishment when it was founded.

He met Mademoiselle Brigitte Thuillier during this period of his life,

and in 1814 gave Celeste, his only daughter, in marriage to Brigitte's

brother, Louis-Jerome Thuillier. M. Lemprun died the year following.

[The Middle Classes.]

LEMPRUN (Madame), wife of the preceding, daughter of Galard, the

market-gardener of Auteuil, mother of one child--Madame Celeste

Thuillier. She lived in the village of Auteuil from 1815 until the

time of her death in 1829. She reared Celeste Phellion, daughter of

L.-J. Thuillier and of Madame de Colleville. Madame Lemprun left a

small fortune inherited from her father, M. Galard, which was

administered by Brigitte Thuillier. This Lemprun estate consisted of

twenty thousand francs, saved by the strictest economy, and of a house

which was sold for twenty-eight thousand francs. [The Middle Classes.]

LEMULQUINIER, a native of Flanders, owed his name to the linen-yarn

dealers of that province, who are called /mulquiniers/. He lived in

Douai, was the valet of Balthazar Claes, and encouraged and aided his

master in his foolish investigations, despite the extreme coldness of

his own nature and the opposition of Josette, Martha, and the women of

the Claes family. Lemulquinier even went so far as to give all his

personal property to M. Claes. [The Quest of the Absolute.]

LENONCOURT (De), born in 1708, marshal of France, marquis at first,

then duke, was the friend of Victor-Amedee de Verneuil, and adopted

Marie de Verneuil, the acknowledged natural daughter of his old

comrade, when the latter died. Suspected unjustly of being this young

girl's lover, the septuagenarian refused to marry her, and leaving her

behind he changed his place of residence to Coblentz. [The Chouans.]

LENONCOURT (Duc de), father of Madame de Mortsauf. The early part of

the Restoration was the brilliant period of his career. He obtained a

peerage, owned a house in Paris on rue Saint-Dominique-Saint-Germain,

looked after Birotteau and found him a situation just after his

failure. Lenoncourt played for the favor of Louis XVIII., was first

gentleman in the king's chamber, and welcomed Victurnien d'Esgrignon,

with whom he had some relationship. The Duc de Lenoncourt was, in

1835, visiting the Princesse de Cadignan, when Marsay explained the

reasons the political order had for the mysterious kidnapping of

Gondreville. Three years later he died a very old man. [The Lily of

the Valley. Cesar Birotteau. Jealousies of a Country Town. The

Gondreville Mystery. Beatrix.]

LENONCOURT (Duchesse de), wife of the preceding, born in 1758, of a

cold, severe, insincere, ambitious nature, was almost always unkind to

her daughter, Madame de Mortsauf. [The Lily of the Valley.]

LENONCOURT-GIVRY (Duc de), youngest son of M. and Madame de Chaulieu,

at first followed a military career. Titles and names in abundance

came to him. In 1827 he married Madeleine de Mortsauf, the only heir

of her parents. [Letters of Two Brides.] The Duc de Lenoncourt-Givry

was a man of some importance in the Paris of Louis Philippe and was

invited to the festival at the opening of Josepha Mirah's new house,

rue de la Ville-l'Eveque. [Cousin Betty.] The year following attention

was still turned towards him indirectly, when Sallenauve was

contending in defence of the duke's brother-in-law. [The Member for

Arcis.]

LENONCOURT-GIVRY (Duchesse de), wife of the preceding, bore the first

name of Madeleine. Madame de Lenoncourt-Givry was one of two children

of the Comte and Comtesse de Mortsauf. She lived almost alone in her

family, having lost at an early age her mother, then her brother

Jacques. While passing her girlhood in Touraine, she met Felix de

Vandenesse, from whom she knew how to keep aloof on becoming an

orphan. Her inheritance of names, titles and wealth brought about her

marriage with the youngest son of M. and Madame de Chaulieu in 1827,

and established for her a friendship with the Grandlieus, whose

daughter, Clotilde, accompanied her to Italy about 1830. During the

first day of their journey the arrest of Lucien Chardon de Rubempre

took place under their eyes near Bouron, Seine-et-Marne. [The Lily of

the Valley. Letters of Two Brides. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

LENORMAND was court registrar at Paris during the Restoration, and did

Comte Octave de Bauvan a service by passing himself off as owner of a

house on rue Saint-Maur, which belonged in reality to the count and

where the wife of that high magistrate lived, at that time being

separated from her husband. [Honorine.]

LEOPOLD, a character in "L'Ambitieux par Amour," a novel by Albert

Savarus, was Maitre Leopold Hannequin. The author pictured him as

having a strong passion--imaginary or true--for the mother of

Rodolphe, the hero of this autobiographical novel, published by the

"Revue de l'Est" under the reign of Louis Philippe. [Albert Savarus.]

LEPAS (Madame de), for a long time keeper of a tavern at Vendome, of

Flemish physique; acquainted with M. and Madame de Merret, and

furnished information about them to Doctor Horace Bianchon; Comte

Bagos de Feredia, who died so tragically, having been a lodger in her

house. She was also interviewed by the author, who, under the name of

Valentine, gave on the stage of the Gymnase-Dramatique the story of

the incontinence and punishment of Josephine de Merret. This Vendome

tavern-keeper pretended also to have lodged some princesses, M.

Decazes, General Bertrand, the King of Spain, and the Duc and Duchesse

of d'Abrantes. [La Grande Bretche.]

LEPITRE, strong Royalist, had some relations with M. de Vandenesse,

when they wished to rescue Marie-Antoinette from the Temple. Later,

under the Empire, having become head of an academy, in the old Joyeuse

house, Quartier Saint-Antoine, Paris, Lepitre counted among his pupils

a son of M. de Vandenesse, Felix. Lepitre was fat, like Louis XVIII.,

and club-footed. [The Lily of the Valley.]

LEPITRE (Madame), wife of the preceding, reared Felix de Vandenesse.

[The Lily of the Valley.]

LEPRINCE (Monsieur and Madame). M. Leprince was a Parisian auctioneer

towards the end of the Empire and at the beginning of the Restoration.

He finally sold his business at a great profit; but being injured by

one of Nucingen's failures, he lost in some speculations on the Bourse

some of the profits that he had realized. He was the father-in-law of

Xavier Rabourdin, whose fortune he risked in these dangerous

speculations, that his son-in-law's domestic comfort might be

increased. Crushed by misfortune he died under Louis XVIII., leaving

some rare paintings which beautified the parlor of his children's home

on rue Duphot. Madame Leprince, who died before the bankrupt

auctioneer, a distinguished woman and a natural artist, worshiped and,

consequently, spoiled her only child, Celestine, who became Madame

Xavier Rabourdin. She communicated to her daughter some of her own

tastes, and thoughtlessly, perhaps, developed in her a love of luxury,

intelligent and refined. [The Government Clerks.]

LEROI (Pierre), called also Marche-a-terre, a Fougeres Chouan, who

played an important part during the civil war of 1799 in Bretagne,

where he gave evidence of courage and heartlessness. He survived the

tragedy of this period, for he was seen on the Place d'Alencon in 1809

when Cibot--Pille-Miche--was tried at the bar as a chauffeur and

attempted to escape. In 1827, nearly twenty years later, this same

Pierre Leroi was known as a peaceable cattle-trader in the markets of

his province. [The Chouans. The Seamy Side of History. Jealousies of a

Country Town.]

LEROI (Madame), mother of the preceding, being ill, was cured on

coming to Fougeres to pray under the oak of the Patte-d'Oie. This tree

was decorated with a beautiful wooden image of the Virgin, placed

there in memory of Sainte-Anne d'Auray's appearance in this place.

[The Chouans.]

LESEIGNEUR DE ROUVILLE (Baronne), pensionless widow of a sea-captain

who had died at Batavia, under the Republic, during a prolonged

engagement with an English vessel; mother of Madame Hippolyte

Schinner. Early in the nineteenth century she lived at Paris with her

unmarried daughter, Adelaide. On the fourth story of a house belonging

to Molineux, on rue de Surene, near the Madeleine, Madame Leseigneur

occupied unadorned and gloomy apartments. There she frequently

received Hippolyte Schinner, Messieurs du Halga and de Kergarouet. She

received from two of these friends many delicate marks of sympathy,

despite the gossip of the neighbors who were astonished that Madame de

Rouville and her daughter should have different names, and shocked by

their very suspicious behavior. The manner in which Mesdames

Leseigneur recognized the good offices of Schinner led to his marriage

with Mademoiselle de Rouville. [The Purse.]

LESEIGNEUR (Adelaide). (See Schinner, Madame Hippolyte.)

LESOURD, married the eldest daughter of Madame Guenic of Provins, and

toward the end of the Restoration presided over the justice court of

that city, of which he had first been king's attorney. In 1828 he was

able, indeed, to defend Pierrette Lorrain, thus showing his opposition

to the local Liberalist leaders, represented by Rogron, Vinet and

Gourand. [Pierrette.]

LESOURD (Madame), wife of the preceding and eldest daughter of Madame

Guenee; for a long time called in Provins, "the little Madame

Lesourd." [Pierrette.]

LEVEILLE (Jean-Francois), notary in Alencon, inflexible correspondent

of the Royalists of Normandie under the Empire. He issued arms to

them, received the surname of Confesseur, and, in 1809, was put to

death with others as the result of a judgment rendered by Bourlac.

[The Seamy Side of History.]

LEVRAULT, enriched by the iron industry in Paris, died in 1813; former

owner of the house in Nemours which came into the possession finally

of Doctor Minoret, who lived there in 1815. [Ursule Mirouet.]

LEVRAULT-CREMIERE, related to the preceding, an old miller, who became

a Royalist under the Restoration; he was mayor of Nemours from 1829 to

1830, and was replaced after the Revolution of July by the notary,

Cremiere-Dionis. [Ursule Mirouet.]

LEVRAULT-LEVRAULT, eldest son, thus named to distinguish him from his

numerous relatives of the same name; he was a butcher in Nemours in

1829, when Ursule Mirouet was undergoing persecution. [Ursule

Mirouet.]

LIAUTARD (Abbe), in the first years of the nineteenth century was at

the head of an institution of learning in Paris; had among his pupils

Godefroid, Madame de la Chanterie's lodger in 1836 and future Brother

of Consolation. [The Seamy Side of History.]

LINA (Duc de), an Italian, at Milan early in the century, one of the

lovers of La Marana, the mother of Madame Diard. [The Miranas.]

LINET (Jean-Baptiste-Robert, called Robert), member of the Legislature

and of the Convention, born at Bernay in 1743, died at Paris in 1825;

minister of finance under the Republic, weakened Antoine and the

Poiret brothers by giving them severe work, although twenty-five years

later they were still laboring in the Treasury. [The Government

Clerks.]

LISIEUX (Francois), called the Grand-Fils (grandson), a rebel of the

department of Mayenne; chauffeur under the First Empire and connected

with the Royalist insurrection in the West, which caused Madame de la

Chanterie's imprisonment. [The Seamy Side of History.]

LISTOMERE (Marquis de) son of the "old Marquise de Listomere"; deputy

of the majority under Charles X., with hopes of a peerage; husband of

Mademoiselle de Vandenesse the elder, his cousin. One evening in 1828,

in his own house on rue Saint-Dominique, he was quietly reading the

"Gazette de France" without noticing the flirtation carried on at his

side by his wife and Eugene de Rastignac, then twenty-five years old.

[The Lily of the Valley. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. A Study

of Woman.]

LISTOMERE (Marquise de), wife of the preceding, elder of M. de

Vandenesse's daughters, and sister of Charles and Felix. Like her

husband and cousin, during the early years of the Restoration, she was

a brilliant type of the period, combining, as she did, godliness with

worldliness, occasionally figuring in politics, and concealing her

youth under the guise of austerity. However, in 1828, her mask seemed

to fall at the moment when Madame de Mortsauf died; for, then, she

wrongly fancied herself the object of Eugene de Rastignac's wooing.

Under Louis Philippe she took part in an intrigue formed for the

purpose of throwing her sister-in-law, Marie de Vandenesse, into the

power of Raoul Nathan. [The Lily of the Valley. Lost Illusions. A

Distinguished Provincial at Paris. A Study of Woman. A Daughter of

Eve.]

LISTOMERE (Marquise de) mother-in-law of the preceding, born

Grandlieu. She lived in Paris at an advanced age in Ile Saint-Louis,

during the early years of the nineteenth century; received on his

holidays her grand-nephew, Felix de Vandenesse, then a student, and

frightened him by the solemn or frigid appearance of everything about

her. [The Lily of the Valley.]

LISTOMERE (Baronne de), had been the wife of a lieutenant-general. As

a widow she lived in the city of Tours under the Restoration, assuming

all the grand airs of the past centuries. She helped the Birotteau

brothers. In 1823 she received the army paymaster, Gravier, and the

terrible Spanish husband who killed the French surgeon, Bega. Madame

de Listomere died, and her wish to make Francois Birotteau her partial

heir was not executed. [The Vicar of Tours. Cesar Birotteau. The Muse

of the Department.]

LISTOMERE (Baron de), nephew of the preceding, born in 1791; was in

turn lieutenant and captain in the navy. During a leave of absence

spent with his aunt at Tours he began to intervene in favor of the

persecuted abbe, Francois Birotteau, but finally opposed him upon

learning of the power of the Congregation, and that the priest's name

figured in the Baronne de Listomere's will. [The Vicar of Tours.]

LISTOMERE (Comtesse de), old, lived in Saint-Germain suburbs of Paris,

in 1839. At the Austrian embassy she became acquainted with Rastignac,

Madame de Nucingen, Ferdinand du Tillet and Maxime de Trailles. [The

Member for Arcis.]

LISTOMERE-LANDON (Marquise de), born in Provence, 1744; lady of the

eighteenth century aristocracy, had been the friend of Duclos and

Marechal de Richelieu. Later she lived in the city of Tours, where she

tried to help by unbiased counsel her unsophisticated niece by

marriage, the Marquise Victor d'Aiglemont. Gout and her happiness over

the return of the Duc d'Angouleme caused Madame de Listomere's death

in 1814. [A Woman of Thirty.]

LOLOTTE. (See Topinard, Madame.)

LONGUEVILLE (De), noble and illustrious family, whose last scion, the

Duc de Rostein-Limbourg, executed in 1793, belonged to the younger

branch. [The Ball at Sceaux.]

LONGUEVILLE, deputy under Charles X., son of an attorney, without

authority placed the particle /de/ before his name. M. Longueville was

connected with the house of Palma, Werbrust & Co.; he was the father

of Auguste, Maximilien and Clara; desired a peerage for himself and a

minister's daughter for his elder son, who had an income of fifty

thousand francs. [The Ball at Sceaux.]

LONGUEVILLE (Auguste), son of the preceding, born late in the

eighteenth century, possessed an income of fifty thousand francs;

married, probably a minister's daughter; was secretary of an embassy;

met Madame Emilie de Vandenesse during a vacation which he was

spending in Paris, and told her the secret of his family. Died young,

while employed in the Russian embassy. [The Ball at Sceaux.]

LONGUEVILLE (Maximilien), one of Longueville's three children,

sacrificed himself for his brother and sister; entered business, lived

on rue du Sentier--then no longer called rue du Groschenet; was

employed in a large linen establishment, situated near rue de la Paix;

fell passionately in love with Emilie de Fontaine, who became Madame

Charles de Vandenesse. She ceased to reciprocate his passion upon

learning that he was merely a novelty clerk. However, M. Longueville,

as a result of the early death of his father and of his brother,

became a banker, a member of the nobility, a peer, and finally the

Vicomte "Guiraudin de Longueville." [The Ball at Sceaux.]

LONGUEVILLE (Clara), sister of the preceding; she was probably born

during the Empire; was a very refined young woman of frail

constitution, but good complexion; lived in the time of the

Restoration; was companion and protegee of her elder brother,

Maximilien, future Vicomte Guiraudin, and was cordially received at

the Planat de Baudry's pavilion, situated in the valley of Sceaux,

where she was a good friend of the last unmarried heiress of Comte de

Fontaine. [The Ball at Sceaux.]

LORA (Leon de), born in 1806, descendant of a noble family of

Roussillon, of Spanish origin; penniless son of Comte Fernand Didas y

Lora and Leonie de Lora, born Gazonal; younger brother of Juan de

Lora, nephew of Mademoiselle Urraca y Lora; he left his native country

at an early age. His family, with the exception of his mother, who

died, remained at home long after his departure, but he never inquired

concerning them. He went to Paris, where, having entered the artist,

Schinner's, studio, under the name of Mistigris, he became celebrated

for his animation and repartee. From 1820 he shone in this way, rarely

leaving Joseph Bridau--a friend whom he accompanied to the Comte de

Serizy's at Presles in the valley of Oise. Later Leon protected his

very sympathetic but commonplace countryman, Pierre Grassou. In 1830

he became a celebrity. Arthez entrusted to him the decoration of a

castle, and Leon de Lora forthwith showed himself to be a master. Some

years later he took a tour through Italy with Felicite des Touches and

Claude Vignon. Being present when the domestic troubles of the Bauvans

were recounted, Lora was able to give a finished analysis of

Honorine's character to M. de l'Hostal. Being a guest at all the

social feasts and receptions he was in attendance at one of

Mademoiselle Brisetout's gatherings on rue Chauchat. There he met

Bixiou, Etienne Lousteau, Stidmann and Vernisset. He visited the

Hulots frequently and their intimate friends. With the aid of Joseph

Bridau he rescued W. Steinbock from Clichy, saw him marry Hortense,

and was invited to the second marriage of Valerie Marneffe. He was

then the greatest living painter of landscapes and sea-pieces, a

prince of repartee and dissipation, and dependent on Bixiou. Fabien du

Ronceret gave to him the ornamentation of an apartment on rue Blanche.

Wealthy, illustrious, living on rue Berlin, the neighbor of Joseph

Bridau and Schinner, member of the Institute, officer of the Legion of

Honor, Leon, assisted by Bixiou, received his cousin Palafox Gazonal,

and pointed out to him many well-known people about town. [The

Unconscious Humorists. A Bachelor's Establishment. A Start in Life.

Pierre Grassou. Honorine. Cousin Betty. Beatrix.]

LORA (Don Juan de), elder brother of the preceding, spent his whole

life in Roussillon, his native country; in the presence of their

cousin, Palafox Gazonal, denied that his younger brother, "le petit

Leon," possessed great artistic ability. [The Unconscious Humorists.]

LORAUX (Abbe), born in 1752, of unattractive bearing, yet the very

soul of tenderness. Confessor of the pupils of the Lycee Henry IV.,

and of Agathe Bridau; for twenty-five years vicar of Saint-Sulpice at

Paris; in 1818 confessor of Cesar Birotteau; became in 1819 cure of

the Blancs-Manteaux in Marais parish. He thus became a neighbor of

Octave de Bauvan, in whose home he placed in 1824 M. de l'Hostal, his

nephew and adopted son. Loraux, who was the means of restoring to

Bauvan the Comtesse Honorine, received her confessions. He died in

1830, she being his nurse at the time. [A Start in Life. A Bachelor's

Establishment. Cesar Birotteau. Honorine.]

LORRAIN, petty merchant of Pen-Hoel in the beginning of the nineteenth

century; married and had a son, whose wife and child, Pierrette, he

took care of after his son's death. Lorrain was completely ruined

later, and took refuge in a home for the old and needy, confiding

Pierrette, both of whose parents were now dead, to the care of some

near relatives, the Rogrons of Provins. Lorrain's death took place

previously to that of his wife. [Pierrette.]

LORRAIN (Madame), wife of the preceding, and grandmother of Pierrette;

born about 1757; lived the simple life of her husband, to whom she

bore some resemblance. A widow towards the end of the Restoration, she

became comfortably situated after the return of Collinet of Nantes.

Upon going to Provins to recover her granddaughter, she found her

dying; went into retirement in Paris, and died soon after, making

Jacques Brigaut her heir. [Pierrette.]

LORRAIN, son of the preceding couple, Bretagne; captain in the

Imperial Guard; major in the line; married the second daughter of a

Provins grocer, Auffray, through whom he had Pierrette; died a poor

man, on the battlefield of Montereau, February 18, 1814. [Pierrette.]

LORRAIN (Madame), wife of the preceding and mother of Pierrette; born

Auffray in 1793; half sister to the mother of Sylvie and Denis Rogron

of Provins. In 1814, a poor widow, still very young, she lived with

the Lorrains of Pen-Hoel, a town in the Vendean Marais. It is said

that she was consoled by the ex-major, Brigaut, of the Catholic army,

and survived the unfortunate marriage of Madame Neraud, widow of

Auffray, and maternal grandmother of Pierrette, only three years.

[Pierrette.]

LORRAIN (Pierrette), daughter of the preceding, born in the town of

Pen-Hoel in 1813; lost her father when fourteen months old and her

mother when six years old; lovable disposition, delicate and

unaffected. After a happy childhood, spent with her excellent maternal

grandparents and a playmate, Jacques Brigaut, she was sent to some

first maternal cousins of Provins, the wealthy Rogrons, who treated

her with pitiless severity. Pierrette died on Easter Tuesday, March,

1828, as the result of sickness brought on by the brutality of her

cousin, Sylvie Rogron, who was extremely envious of her. A trial of

her persecutors followed her death, and, despite the efforts of old

Madame Lorrain, Jacques Brigaut, Martener, Desplein and Bianchon, her

assailants escaped through the craftily exerted influence of Vinet.

[Pierrette.]

LOUCHARD, the craftiest bailiff of Paris; undertook the recovery of

Esther van Gobseck, who had escaped from Frederic de Nucingen; did

business with Maitre Fraisier. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. Cousin

Pons.]

LOUCHARD (Madame), wife of the preceding, did not live with him;

acquainted with Madame Komorn de Godollo and, in 1840, furnished her

information about Theodose de la Peyrade. [The Middle Classes.]

LOUDON (Prince de), general in the Vendean cavalry, lived at Le Mans

during the Terror. He was brother of a Verneuil who was guillotined,

was noted for "his boldness and the martyrdom of his punishment." [The

Chouans. Modeste Mignon.]

LOUDON (Prince Gaspard de), born in 1791, third and only surviving son

of the Duc de Verneuil's four children; fat and commonplace, having,

very inappropriately, the same name as the celebrated Vendean cavalry

general; became probably Desplein's son-in-law. He took part in 1829

in a great hunt given in Normandie, in company with the Herouvilles,

the Cadignans and the Mignons. [Modeste Mignon.]

LOUIS XVIII. (Louis-Stanislas-Xavier), born at Versailles, November

16, 1754, died September 16, 1824, King of France. He was in political

relations with Alphonse de Montauran, Malin de Gondreville, and some

time before this, under the name of the Comte de Lille, with the

Baronne de la Chanterie. He considered Peyrade an able officer and was

his patron. King Louis XVIII., friend of the Comte de Fontaine,

engaged Felix de Vandenesse as secretary. His last mistress was the

Comtesse Ferraud. [The Chouans. The Seamy Side of History. The

Gondreville Mystery. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. The Ball at

Sceaux. The Lily of the Valley. Colonel Chabert. The Government

Clerks.]

LOUISE, during the close of Louis Philippe's reign, was Madame W.

Steinbock's waiting-maid at Paris, rue Louis-le-Grand, and was courted

by Hulot d'Ervy's cook, at the time when Agathe Piquetard, who was

destined to become the second Baronne Hulot, was another servant.

(Cousin Betty.]

LOURDOIS, during the Empire wealthy master-painter of interiors;

contractor with thirty thousand francs income, of Liberal views.

Charged an enormous sum for the famous decorations in Cesar

Birotteau's apartments, where he was a guest with his wife and

daughter at the grand ball of December 17, 1818. After the failure of

the perfumer, a little later, he treated him somewhat slightingly. [At

the Sign of the Cat and Racket. Cesar Birotteau.]

LOUSTEAU, sub-delegate at Issoudun and afterwards the intimate friend

of Doctor Rouget, at that time his enemy, because the doctor was

possibly the father of Mademoiselle Agathe Rouget, then become Madame

Bridau. Lousteau died in 1800. [A Bachelor's Establishment.]

LOUSTEAU (Etienne), son of the preceding, born at Sancerre in 1799,

nephew of Maximilienne Hochon, born Lousteau, school-mate of Doctor

Bianchon. Urged on by his desire for a literary vocation, he entered

Paris without money, in 1819, made a beginning with poetry, was the

literary partner of Victor Ducange in a melodrama played at the Gaite

in 1821, undertook the editing of a small paper devoted to the stage,

of which Andoche Finot was proprietor. He had at that time two homes,

one in the Quartier Latin, rue de la Harpe, above the Servel cafe,

another on rue de Bondy, with Florine his mistress. Not having a

better place, he became at times Flicoteaux's guest, in company with

Daniel d'Arthez and especially Lucien de Rubempre, whom he trained,

piloted, and introduced to Dauriat, in fact, whose first steps he

aided, not without feeling regret later in life. For one thousand

francs per month, Lousteau rid Philippe Bridau of his wife, Flore,

placing her in a house of ill-fame. He was at the Opera, the evening

of the masque ball of the year 1824, where Blondet, Bixiou, Rastignac,

Jacques Collin, Chatelet and Madame d'Espard discovered Lucien de

Rubempre with Esther Gobseck. Lousteau wrote criticisms, did work for

various reviews, and for Raoul Nathan's gazette. He lived on rue des

Martyrs, and was Madame Schontz's lover. He obtained by some intrigue

a deputyship at Sancerre; carried on a long liaison with Dinah de la

Baudraye; just escaped a marriage with Madame Berthier, then Felicie

Cardot; was father of Madame de la Baudraye's children, and spoke as

follows concerning the birth of the eldest: "Madame la Baronne de la

Baudraye is happily delivered of a child; M. Etienne Lousteau has the

honor of announcing it." During this liaison, Lousteau, for the sum of

five hundred francs, gave to Fabien du Ronceret a discourse to be read

at a horticultural exhibition, for which the latter was decorated. He

attended a house-warming at Mademoiselle Brisetout's, rue Chauchat;

asked Dinah and Nathan for the purpose or moral of the "Prince of

Bohemia." Lousteau's manner of living underwent little change when

Madame de la Baudraye left him. He heard Maitre Desroches recount one

of Cerizet's adventures, saw Madame Marneffe marry Crevel, took charge

of the "Echo de la Bievre," and undertook the management of a theatre

with Ridal, the author of vaudevilles. [A Distinguished Provincial at

Paris. A Bachelor's Establishment. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. A

Daughter of Eve. Beatrix. The Muse of the Department. Cousin Betty. A

Prince of Bohemia. A Man of Business. The Middle Classes. The

Unconscious Humorists.]

LUIGIA, young and beautiful Roman girl of the suburbs, wife of

Benedetto, who claimed the right of selling her. She tried to kill

herself at the same time she killed him, but did not succeed. Charles

de Sallenauve--Dorlange--protected her, taking care of her when she

became a widow, and made her his housekeeper in 1839. Luigia soon left

her benefactor, the voice of slander having accused them in their

mutually innocent relations. [The Member for Arcis.]

LUPEAULX (Clement Chardin des), officer and politician, born about

1785; left in good circumstances by his father; who was ennobled by

Louis XV., his coat-of-arms showing "a ferocious wolf of sable bearing

a lamb in its jaws," with this motto: "En lupus in historia." A shrewd

and ambitious man, ready for all enterprises, even the most

compromising, Clement des Lupeaulx knew how to make himself of service

to Louis XVIII. in several delicate undertakings. Many influential

members of the aristocracy placed in his hands their difficult

business and their lawsuits. He served thus as mediator between the

Duc de Navarreins and Polydore Milaud de la Baudraye, and attained a

kind of mightiness that Annette seemed to fear would be disastrous to

Charles Grandet. He accumulated duties and ranks, was master of

petitions in the Council of State, secretary-general to the minister

of finance, colonel in the National Guard, government commissioner in

a joint-stock company; also provided with an inspectorship in the

king's house, he became Chevalier de Saint-Louis and officer of the

Legion of Honor. An open follower of Voltaire, but an attendant at

mass, at all times a Bertrand in pursuit of a Raton, egotistic and

vain, a glutton and a libertine, this man of intellect, sought after

in all social circles, a kind of minister's "household drudge," openly

lived, until 1825, a life of pleasure and anxiety, striving for

political success and love conquests. As mistresses he is known to

have had Esther van Gobseck, Flavie Colleville; perhaps, even, the

Marquise d'Espard. He was seen at the Opera ball in the winter of

1824, at which Lucien de Rubempre reappeared. The close of this year

brought about considerable change in the Secretary-General's affairs.

Crippled by debt, and in the power of Gobseck, Bidault and Mitral, he

was forced to give up one of the treasury departments to Isidore

Baudoyer, despite his personal liking for Rabourdin. He gained as a

result of this stroke a coronet and a deputyship. He had ambitions for

a peerage, the title of gentleman of the king's chamber, a membership

in the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-lettres, and the commander's

cross. [The Muse of the Department. Eugenie Grandet. A Bachelor's

Establishment. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. The Government

Clerks. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. Ursule Mirouet.]

LUPEAULX (Des), nephew of the preceding, and, thanks to him, appointed

sub-prefect of Ville-aux-Fayes, Bourgogne, in 1821, in the department

presided over successively by Martial de la Roche-Hugon and Casteran.

As Gaubertin's prospective son-in-law, M. des Lupeaulx, espousing the

cause of his fiancee's family, was instrumental in disgusting

Montcornet, owner of Aigues, with his property. [The Peasantry.]

LUPIN, born in 1778, son of the last steward of the Soulanges in

Bourgogne; in time he became manager of the domain, notary and deputy

mayor of the city of Soulanges. Although married and a man of family,

M. Lupin, still in excellent physical condition, was, in 1823, a

brilliant figure in Madame Soudry's reception-room, where he was known

for his tenor voice and his extreme gallantries--the latter

characteristic being proved by two liaisons carried on with two

middle-class women, Madame Sarcus, wife of Sarcus the Rich, and

Euphemie Plissoud. [The Peasantry.]

LUPIN (Madame), wife of the preceding, called "Bebelle;" only daughter

of a salt-merchant enriched by the Revolution; had a platonic

affection for the chief clerk, Bonnac. Madame Lupin was fat, awkward,

of very ordinary appearance, and weak intellectually. On account of

these characteristics Lupin and the Soudry adherents neglected her.

[The Peasantry.]

LUPIN (Amaury), only son of the preceding couple, perhaps the lover of

Adeline Sarcus, who became Madame Adolphe Sibilet; was on the point of

marrying one of Gaubertin's daughters, the same one, doubtless, that

was wooed and won by M. des Lupeaulx. In the midst of this liaison and

of these matrimonial designs, Amaury Lupin was sent to Paris in 1822

by his father to study the notary's profession with Maitre Crottat,

where he had for a companion another clerk, Georges Marest, with whom

he committed some indiscretions and went into debt. Amaury went with

his friend to the Lion d'Argent, rue d'Enghien in the Saint-Denis

section, when Marest took Pierrotin's carriage to Isle-Adam. On the

way they met Oscar Husson, and made fun of him. The following year

Amaury Lupin returned to Soulanges in Bourgogne. [The Peasantry. A

Start in Life.]

MACHILLOT (Madame), kept in Paris, in 1838, in the Notre Dame-des

Champs neighborhood, a modest restaurant, which was patronized by

Godefroid on account of its nearness to Bourlac's house. [The Seamy

Side of History.]

MACUMER (Felipe Henarez, Baron de), Spanish descendant of the Moors,

about whom much information has been furnished by Talleyrand; had a

right to names and titles as follows: Henarez, Duc de Soria, Baron de

Macumer. He never used all of them; for his entire youth was a

succession of sacrifices, misfortunes and undue trials. Macumer, a

leading Spanish revolutionist of 1823, saw fortune turn against him.

Ferdinand VII., once more enthroned, recognized him as constitutional

minister, but never forgave him for his assumption of power. Seeing

his property confiscated and himself banished, he took refuge in

Paris, where he took poor lodgings on rue Hillerin-Bertin and began to

teach Spanish for a living, notwithstanding he was Baron de Sardaigne

with large estates and a place at Sassari. Macumer also suffered many

heart-aches. He vainly loved a woman who was beloved by his own

brother. His brother's passion being reciprocated, Macumer sacrificed

himself for their happiness. Under the simple name of Henarez, Macumer

was the instructor of Armande-Marie-Louise de Chaulieu, whom he did

not woo in vain. He married her, March, 1825. At various times the

baron occupied or owned Chantepleurs, a chateau Nivernais, a house on

rue du Bac, and La Crampade, Louis de l'Estorate's residence in

Provence. The foolish, annoying jealousy of Madame de Macumer

embittered his life and was responsible for his physical break-down.

Idolized by his wife, in spite of his marked plainness, he died in

1829. [Letters of Two brides.]

MACUMER (Baronne de). (See Gaston, Madame Marie.)

MADELEINE, first name of Madeleine Vinet, by which she was called

while employed as a domestic. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. Cousin

Pons.]

MADOU (Angelique), woman of the masses, fat but spry; although

ignorant, very shrewd in her business of selling dried fruit. At the

beginning of the Restoration she lived in Paris on rue Perrin-

Gasselin, where she fell prey to the usurer Bidault--Gigonnet.

Angelique Madou at first dealt harshly with Cesar Birotteau, when he

was unable to pay his debts; but she congratulated him, later on,

when, as a result of his revived fortunes, the perfumer settled every

obligation. Angelique Madon had a little godchild, in whom she

occasionally showed much interest. [Cesar Birotteau.]

MAGNAN (Prosper), of Beauvais, son of a widow, chief-surgeon's

assistant; executed in 1799 at Andernach on the banks of the Rhine,

being the innocent victim of circumstantial evidence, which condemned

him for the double crime of robbery and murder--this crime having, in

reality, been committed by his comrade, Jean-Frederic-Taillefer, who

escaped punishment. [The Red Inn.]

MAGNAN (Madame), mother of the preceding, lived at Beauvais, where she

died a short time after her son's death, and previous to the arrival

of Hermann, who was bearing her a letter from Prosper. [The Red Inn.]

MAGUS (Elie), Flemish Jew, Dutch-Belgian descent, born in 1770. He

lived now at Bordeaux, now at Paris; was a merchant of costly

articles, such as pictures, diamonds and curiosities. By his influence

Madame Luigi Porta, born Ginevra di Piombo, obtained from a print-

seller a position as colorist. Madame Evangelista engaged him to

estimate the value of her jewels. He bought a copy of Rubens from

Joseph Bridau and some Flemish subjects from Pierre Grassou, selling

them later to Vervelli as genuine Rembrandts or Teniers; he arranged

for the marriage of the artist with the cork-maker's daughter. Very

wealthy, and having retired from business in 1835, he left his house

on the Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle to occupy an old dwelling on Chaussee

des Minimes, now called rue de Bearn. He took with him his treasures,

his daughter, Noemi, and Abramko as a guard for his property. Eli

Magus was still living in 1845, when he had just acquired, in a

somewhat dishonorable manner, a number of superb paintings from

Sylvain Pons' collection. [The Vendetta. A Marriage Settlement. A

Bachelor's Establishment. Pierre Grassou. Cousin Pons.]

MAHOUDEAU (Madame), in 1840, in company with Madame Cardinal, her

friend, created a disturbance during one of Bobino's performances at a

small theatre near the Luxembourg, where Olympe Cardinal was playing.

While playing the "jeune premiere" she was recognized by her mother.

[The Middle Classes.]

MAHUCHET (Madame), women's shoemaker, "a very foul-mouthed woman," in

the language of Madame Nourrisson; mother of seven children. After

having dunned a countess, to no avail, for a hundred francs that was

due her, she conceived the idea of carrying off the silverware, on

display at a grand dinner to be given by her debtor one evening, as a

pledge. She promptly returned, however, the silver she had taken, upon

finding that it was white metal. [The Unconscious Humorists.]

MALAGA, surname of Marguerite Turquet.

MALASSIS (Jeanne), from the country, a servant of Pingret, who was an

avaricious and wealthy old peasant of the suburbs of Limoges. Mortally

injured while hastening to the assistance of her master, who was

robbed and murdered, she was the second victim of J.-F. Tascheron.

[The Country Parson.]

MALFATTI, Venetian doctor; in 1820 called into consultation with one

of his fellow-physicians in France, concerning the sickness of the Duc

Cataneo. [Massimilla Doni.]

MALIN. (See Gondreville.)

MALLET, policeman in the department of Orne in 1809. Ordered to find

and arrest Madame Bryond des Minieres, he let her escape, by means of

an agreement with his comrade, Ratel, who was to have aided in her

capture. Having been imprisoned for this deed, Mallet was declared by

Bourlac deserving of capital punishment, and was put to death the same

year. [The Seamy Side of History.]

MALVAUT (Jenny). (See Derville, Madame.)

MANCINI (De), Italian, fair, effeminate, madly beloved by La Marana,

who had by him a daughter, Juana-Pepita-Maria de Mancini, later Madame

Diard. [The Maranas.]

MANCINI (Juana-Pepita-Maria de). (See Diard, Madame.)

MANERVILLE (De), born in 1731; Norman gentleman to whom the governor

of Guyenne, Richelieu, married one of the wealthiest Bordeaux

heiresses. He purchased a commission as major of the Gardes de la

Porte, in the latter part of Louis XV.'s reign; had by his wife a son,

Paul, who was reared with austerity; emigrated, at the outbreak of the

Revolution, to Martinique, but managed to save his property, Lanstrac,

etc., thanks to Maitre Mathias, head-clerk of the notary. He became a

widower in 1810, three years before his death. [A Marriage

Settlement.]

MANERVILLE (Paul Francois-Joseph, Comte de), son of the preceding,

born in 1794, received his education in the college at Vendome,

finishing his work there in 1810, the year of his mother's death. He

passed three years at Bordeaux with his father, who had become

overbearing and avaricious; when left an orphan, he inherited a large

fortune, including Lanstrac in Gironde, and a house in Paris, rue de

la Pepiniere. He spent six years in Europe as a diplomat, passing his

vacations in Paris, where he was intimate with Henri de Marsay, and

was a lover of Paquita Valdes. There he was subject to the trifling of

Madame Charles de Vandenesse, then Emilie de Fontaine; also, perhaps,

met Lucien de Rubempre. In the winter of 1821 he returned to Bordeaux,

where he was a social leader. Paul de Manerville received the

appropriate nick-name of "le fleur des pois." Despite the good advice

of his two devoted friends, Maitre Mathias and Marsay, he asked,

through the instrumentality of his great-aunt, Madame de Maulincour,

for the hand of Natalie Evangelista in marriage, and obtained it.

After being wedded five years, he was divorced from his wife and

sailed for Calcutta under the name of Camille, one of his mother's

given names. [The Thirteen. The Ball at Sceaux. Lost Illusions. A

Distinguished Provincial at Paris. A Marriage Settlement.]

MANERVILLE (Comtesse Paul de), wife of the preceding, born

Mademoiselle Natalie Evangelista, non-lineal descendant of the Duke of

Alva, related also to the Claes. Having been spoiled as a child, and

being of a sharp, domineering nature, she robbed her husband without

impoverishing him. She was a leader at Paris as well as at Bordeaux.

As the mistress of Felix de Vandenesse she disliked his dedication to

a story, for in it he praised Madame de Mortsauf. Later, in company

with Lady Dudley and Mesdames d'Espard, Charles de Vandernesse and de

Listomere, she attempted to compromise the Comtesse Felix de

Vandenesse, recently married, with Raoul Nathan. [A Marriage

Settlement. The Lily of the Valley. A Daughter of Eve.]

MANETTE, under the Restoration at Clochegourde in Touraine, the

Comtesse de Mortsauf's housekeeper, taking her mother's place in the

care of her young master and mistress, Jacques and Madeleine de

Mortsauf. [The Lily of the Valley.]

MANON. (See Godard, Manon.)

MANON-LA-BLONDE, during the last years of the Restoration a Paris

prostitute, who fell violently in love with Theodore Calvi, became a

receiver of stolen goods, brought to her by the companion of Jacques

Collin, who committed murder also, at the time of the robbery; she

thus became the indirect or involuntary cause of the Corsican's

arrest. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

MANSEAU (Pere), tavern-keeper at Echelles, a town in Savoie, gave aid

to La Fosseuse, in her poverty, and sheltered this unfortunate woman

in a barn. La Fosseuse became the protegee of Doctor Benassis. [The

Country Doctor.]

MARANA (La), the last of a long series of prostitutes bearing the same

name; natural descendant of the Herouvilles. She was known to have had

more than one distinguished lover: Mancini, the Duc de Lina, and a

king of Naples. She was notorious in Venice, Milan and Naples. She had

by Mancini one child, whom he acknowledged, Juana-Pepita-Maria, and

had her reared in good morals by the Lagounias, who were under

obligations to her. Upon going to seek her daughter in Tarragone,

Spain, she surprised the girl in company with Montefiore, but scorned

to take vengeance upon him. She accepted as husband of the young girl

M. Diard, who had asked for her hand. In 1823, when she was dying in

the hospital at Bordeaux, Marana once more saw her daughter, still

virtuous, although unhappy. [The Hated Son. The Maranas.]

MARCAS (Zephirin), born about 1803 in a Bretagne family at Vitre. In

after life he supported his parents who were in poor circumstances. He

received a free education in a seminary, but had no inclination for

the priesthood. Carrying hardly any money he went to Paris, in 1823 or

1824, and after studying with a lawyer became his chief clerk. Later

he studied men and objects in five capitals: London, Berlin, Vienna,

St. Petersburg and Constantinople. For five years he was a journalist,

and reported the proceedings of the "Chambres." He often visited R. de

la Palferine. With women he proved to be of the passionate-timid kind.

With the head of a lion, and a strong voice, he was equal as an orator

to Berryer, and the superior of M. Thiers. For a long time he supplied

the political ability needed by a deputy who had become a minister,

but, convinced of his disloyalty, he overthrew him, only to restore

him for a short time. He once more entered into polemical controversy;

saw the newspapers which had sparkled with his forceful, high-minded

criticism die; and lived miserably upon a daily allowance of thirty

sous, earned by copying for the Palais. Marcas lived at that time,

1836, in the garret of a furnished house on rue Corneille. His

thankless debtor, become minister again, sought him anew. Had it not

been for the hearty attention of his young neighbors, Rabourdin and

Juste, who furnished him with some necessary clothing, and aided him

at Humann's expense, Marcas would not have taken advantage of the new

opportunity that was offered him. His new position lasted but a short

time. The third fall of the government hastened that of Marcas. Lodged

once more on rue Corneille he was taken with a nervous fever. The

sickness increased and finally carried away this unrecognized genius.

Z. Marcas was buried in a common grave in Montparnasse cemetery,

January, 1838. [A Prince of Bohemia. Z. Marcas.]

MARCHAND (Victor), son of a Parisian grocer, infantry-major during the

campaign of 1808, a lover of Clara Leganes, to whom he was under

obligation; tried, without success, to marry this girl of the Spanish

nobility, who preferred to suffer the most horrible of deaths,

decapitation by the hand of her own brother. [El Verdugo.]

MARCHE-A-TERRE. (See Leroi, Pierre.)

MARCILLAC (Madame de). Thanks to some acquaintances of the old regime,

whom she had kept, and to her relationship with the Rastignacs, with

whom she lived quietly, she found the means of introducing to Claire

de Beauseant, Chevalier de Rastignac, her well-beloved grand-nephew--

about 1819. [Father Goriot.]

MARCOSINI (Count Andrea), born in 1807 at Milan; although an

aristocrat he took temporary refuge in Paris as a liberal; a wealthy

and handsome poet; took his period of exile in 1834 in good spirits.

He was received on terms of friendship by Mesdames d'Espard and Paul

de Manerville. On the rue Froidmanteau he was constantly in pursuit of

Marianina Gambara; at the Italian Giardini's "table-d'hote" he

discussed musical topics and spoke of "Robert le Diable." For five

years he kept Paolo Gambara's wife as his mistress; then he gave her

up to marry an Italian dancer. [Gambara.]

MARECHAL, under the Restoration an attorney at Ville-aux-Fayes,

Bourgogne, Montcornet's legal adviser, helped by his recommendation to

have Sibilet appointed steward of Aigues in 1817. [The Peasantry.]

MARESCHAL, supervisor in the college of Vendome in 1811, when Louis

Lambert became a student in this educational institution. [Louis

Lambert.]

MAREST (Frederic), born about 1802, son of a rich lumber-merchant's

widow, cousin of Georges Marest; attorney's clerk in Paris, November,

1825; lover of Florentine Cabirolle, who was maintained by Cardot;

made the acquaintance at Maitre Desroches' of Oscar Husson, and took

him to a fete given by Mademoiselle Cabirolle on rue de Vendome, where

his friend foolishly compromised himself. [A Start in Life.] Frederic

Marest, in 1838, having become an examining magistrate in the public

prosecutor's office in Paris, had to examine Auguste de Mergi, who was

charged with having committed robbery to the detriment of Doctor

Halpersohn. [The Seamy Side of History.] The following year, while

acting as king's solicitor at Arcis-sur-Aube, Frederic Marest, still

unmarried and very corpulent, became acquainted with Martener's sons,

Goulard, Michu and Vinet, and visited the Beauvisage and Mallot

families. [The Member for Arcis.]

MAREST (Georges), cousin of the preceding, son of the senior member of

a large Parisian hardware establishment on rue Saint-Martin. He

became, in 1822, the second clerk of a Parisian notary, Maitre A.

Crottat. He had then as a comrade in study and in pleasure Amaury

Lupin. At this time Marest's vanity made itself absurdly apparent in

Pierrotin's coach, which did service in the valley of Oise; he hoaxed

Husson, amused Bridau and Lora, and vexed the Comte de Serizy. Three

years later Georges Marest had become the chief clerk of Leopold

Hannequin. He lost by debauchery a fortune amounting to thirty

thousand francs a year, and died a plain insurance-broker. [The

Peasantry. A Start in Life.]

MARGARITIS, of Italian origin, took up his residence in Vouvray in

1831, an old man of deranged mind, most eccentric of speech, and who

pretended to be a vine-grower. He was induced by Vernier to hoax the

famous traveler, Gaudissart, during a business trip of the latter.

[Gaudissart the Great.]

MARGARITIS (Madame), wife of the insane Margaritis. She kept him near

her for the sake of economy, and made amends to the deceived

Gaudissart. [Gaudissart the Great.]

MARGUERON, wealthy citizen of Beaumont-sur-Oise, under Louis XVIII.,

wished his son to be tax-collector of the district in which he himself

owned the farm lying next to the property of Serizy at Presles, and

which he had leased to Leger. [A Start in Life.]

MARIANNE, during the Restoration, servant of Sophie Gamard at Tours.

[The Vicar of Tours.]

MARIANNE, served with Gaucher in Michu's house, October, 1803, in the

district of Arcis-sur-Aube, at Cinq-Cygne. She served her master with

discretion and fidelity. [The Gondreville Mystery.]

MARIAST, owned No. 22 rue da la Montagne-Sainte-Genevieve, Paris, and

let it to Messieurs of d'Espard during nearly the whole period of the

Restoration. [The Commission in Lunacy.]

MARIE DES ANGES (Mere), born in 1762, Jacques Bricheteau's aunt,

superior of the Ursuline convent at Arcis-sur-Aube, saved from the

guillotine by Danton, had the fifth of April of each year observed

with a mass in her nephew's behalf, and, under Louis Philippe,

protected the descendant of a celebrated Revolutionist, Charles de

Sallenauve; her influence gave him the position of deputy of the

district. [The Member for Arcis.]

MARIETTE. (See Godeschal, Marie.)

MARIETTE, born in 1798; from 1817 in the service of the Wattevilles of

Besancon; was under Louis Philippe, despite her extreme homeliness,

and on account of the money she had saved, courted by Jerome, a

servant of Albert Savarus. Mademoiselle de Watteville, who was in love

with the lawyer, used Mariette and Jerome to her own advantage.

[Albert Savarus.]

MARIETTE, in 1816, cook in the employ of Mademoiselle Cormon, of

Alencon; sometimes received advice from M. du Ronceret; an ordinary

kitchen-maid in the same household, when her mistress became Madame du

Bousquier. [Jealousies of a Country Town.]

MARIETTE, was in the employ of La Fosseuse, towards the end of the

Restoration, in the village over which Benassis was mayor. [The

Country Doctor.]

MARIGNY (Duchesse de), much sought after in the Saint-Germain section;

related to the Navarreins and the Grandlieus; a woman of experience

and good at giving advice; real head of her house; died in 1819. [The

Thirteen.]

MARIGNY[*] (De), son of the preceding, harebrained, but attractive,

had an attachment for Madame Keller, a middle-class lady of the

Chaussee-d'Antin. [The Thirteen.]

[*] During the last century the Marignys owned, before the Verneuils,

Rosembray, an estate where a great hunt brought together, 1829,

Cadignan, Chaulieu, Canalis, Mignon, etc.

MARIN, in 1839, at Cinq-Cygne, in the district of Arcis-sur-Aube,

first valet of Georges de Maufrigneuse and protector of Anicette. [The

Member for Arcis.]

MARION of Arcis, grandson of a steward in the employ of Simeuse;

brother-in-law of Madame Marion, born Giguet. He had the confidence of

Malin, acquired for him the Gondreville property, and became a lawyer

in Aube, then president of an Imperial court. [The Gondreville

Mystery. The Member for Arcis.]

MARION, brother of the preceding and brother-in-law of Colonel Giguet,

whose sister became his wife. Through Malin's influence, he became

co-receiver-general of Aube, with Sibuelle as his colleague. [The

Gondreville Mystery. The Member for Arcis.]

MARION (Madame), wife of the preceding, Colonel Giguet's sister. She

was on intimate terms with Malin de Gondreville. After her husband's

death she returned to her native country, Arcis, where her parlor was

frequented by many guests. Under Louis Philippe, Madame Marion exerted

her powers in behalf of Simon Giguet, the Colonel's son. [The Member

for Arcis.]

MARION. (See Kolb, Madame.)

MARIOTTE, of Auxerre, a rival of the wealthy Gaubertin in contracting

for the forest lands of that portion of Bourgogne in which Aigues, the

large estate of Montcornet, was situated. [The Peasantry.]

MARIOTTE (Madame), of Auxerre, mother of the preceding, in 1823, had

Mademoiselle Courtecuisse in her service. [The Peasantry.]

MARIUS, the cognomen, become hereditary, of a native of Toulouse, who

established himself as a Parisian hair-dresser and was thus nick-named

by the Chevalier de Parny, one of his patrons, in the early part of

the nineteenth century. He handed down this name of Marius as a kind

of permanent property to his successors. [The Unconscious Humorists.]

MARMUS (Madame), wife of a savant, who was an officer in the Legion of

Honor and a member of the Institute. They lived together on rue

Duguay-Trouin in Paris, and were (in 1840) on intimate terms with

Zelie Minard. [The Middle Classes.]

MARMUS, husband of the preceding and noted for his absent-mindedness.

[The Middle Classes.]

MARNEFFE (Jean-Paul-Stanislas), born in 1794, employed in the War

Department. In 1833, while a mere clerk living on twelve hundred

francs a year, he married Mademoiselle Valerie Fortin. Having become

as unprincipled as a convict, under the patronage of Baron Hulot, his

wife's paramour, he left rue du Doyenne to install himself in luxury

in the Saint-Germain section, and later became head-clerk, assistant

chief, and chief of the bureau, chevalier, then officer of the Legion

of Honor. Jean-Paul-Stanislas Marneffe, decayed physically as well as

morally, died in May, 1842. [Cousin Betty.]

MARNEFFE[*] (Madame). (See Crevel, Madame Celestin.)

[*] n 1849, at Paris, Clairville produced upon the stage of the

Gymnase-Dramatique, the episodes in the life of Madame Marneffe,

somewhat modified, under the double title, "Madame Marneffe, or

the Prodigal Father" (a vaudeville drama in five acts).

MARNEFFE (Stanislas), legal son of the preceding couple, suffered from

scrofula, much neglected by his parents. [Cousin Betty.]

MAROLLES (Abbe de), an old priest, who lived towards the close of the

eighteenth century. Having escaped in September, 1792, from the

massacre of the Carmelite convent, now a small chapel on rue de

Vaugirard, he concealed himself in the upper Saint-Martin district,

near the German Highway. He had under his protection, at this time,

two nuns, who were in as great danger as he, Sister Marthe and Sister

Agathe. On January 22, 1793, and on January 21, 1794, the Abbe de

Marolles, in their presence, said masses for the repose of Louis

XVI.'s soul, having been asked to do so by the executioner of the

"martyr-king," whose presence at mass the Abbe knew nothing of until

January 25, 1794, when he was so informed at the corner of rue des

Frondeurs by Citizen Ragou. [An Episode under the Terror.]

MARONIS (Abbe de), a priest of great genius, who would have been

another Borgia, had he worn the tiara. He was Henri de Marsay's

teacher, and made of him a complete skeptic, in a period when the

churches were closed. The Abbe de Maronis died a bishop in 1812. [The

Thirteen.]

MARRON, under the Restoration, a physician at Marsac, Charente; nephew

of the Cure Marron. He married his daughter to Postel, a pharmacist of

Augouleme. He was intimate with the family of David Sechard. [Lost

Illusions. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

MARSAY (De), immoral old gentleman. To oblige Lord Dudley he married

one of the former's mistresses and recognized their son as his own.

For this favor he received a hundred thousand francs per year for

life, money which he soon threw away in evil company. He confided the

child to his old sister, Mademoiselle de Marsay, and died, as he had

lived, away from his wife. [The Thirteen.]

MARSAY (Madame de). (See Vordac, Marquise de.)

MARSAY (Mademoiselle de), sister-in-law of the preceding, took care of

her son, Henri, and treated him so well that she was greatly mourned

by him when she died advanced in years. [The Thirteen.]

MARSAY (Henri de), born between 1792 and 1796, son of Lord Dudley and

the celebrated Marquise de Vordac, who was first united in marriage to

the elder De Marsay. This gentleman adopted the boy, thus becoming,

according to law, his father. The young Henri was reared by

Mademoiselle de Marsay and the Abbe de Maronis. He was on intimate

terms, in 1815, with Paul de Manerville, and was already one of the

all powerful Thirteen, with Bourignard, Montriveau and Ronquerolles.

At that time he found on rue Saint-Lazare a girl from Lesbosen,

Paquita Valdes, whom he wished to make his mistress. He met at the

same time his own natural sister, Madame de San-Real, of whom he

became the rival for Paquita's love. At first Marsay had been the

lover of the Duchesse Charlotte, then of Arabelle Dudley, whose

children were his very image. He was also known to be intimate with

Delphine de Nucingen up to 1819, then with Diane de Cadignan. In his

position as member of the Thirteen Henri was in Montriveau's party

when Antoinette de Langeais was stolen from the Carmelites. He bought

Coralie for sixty thousand francs. He passed the whole of his time

during the Restoration in the company of young men and women. He was

the companion and counselor of Victurnien d'Esgrignon, Savinien de

Portenduere and above all of Paul de Manerville, whose course he

vainly tried to direct after an ill-appointed marriage, and to whom he

announced, as soon as possible, his own union. Marsay aided Lucien de

Rubempre and served for him, with Rastignac, as second in a duel with

Michel Chrestien. The Chaulieu and Fontaine women feared or admired

Henri de Marsay--a man who was slighted by M. de Canalis, the much

toasted poet. The Revolution of July, 1830, made Marsay a man of no

little importance. He, however, was content to tell over his old love

affairs gravely in the home of Felicite des Touches. As prime minister

from 1832 to 1833, he was an habitue of the Princesse de Cadignan's

Legitimist salon, where he served as a screen for the last Vendean

insurrection. There, indeed, Marsay brought to light the secrets,

already old, of Malin's kidnapping. Marsay died in 1834, a physical

wreck, having but a short time before, when Nathan was courting Marie

de Vandenesse, taken part in the intrigue, although he was disgusted

with the author. [The Thirteen. The Unconscious Humorists. Another

Study of Woman. The Lily of the Valley. Father Goriot. Jealousies of a

Country Town. Ursule Mirouet. A Marriage Settlement. Lost Illusions. A

Distinguished Provincial at Paris. Letters of Two Brides. The Ball at

Sceaux. Modeste Mignon. The Secrets of a Princess. The Gondreville

Mystery. A Daughter of Eve.]

MARTAINVILLE (Alphonse-Louis-Dieudonne), publicist and dramatic

writer, born at Cadiz, in 1776, of French parents, died August 27,

1830. He was an extreme Royalist and, as such, in 1821 and 1822, threw

away his advice and support on Lucien de Rubempre, then a convert to

Liberalism. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris.]

MARTENER, well-educated old man who lived in Provins under the

Restoration. He explained to the archaeologist, Desfondrilles, who

consulted him, the reason why Europe, disdaining the waters of

Provins, sought Spa, where the waters were less efficacious, according

to French medical advice. [Pierrette.]

MARTENER, son of the preceding; physician at Provins in 1827, capable

man, simple and gentle. He married Madame Guenee's second daughter.

When consulted one day by Mademoiselle Habert, he spoke against the

marriage of virgins at forty, and thus filled Sylvie Rogron with

despair. He protected and cared for Pierrette Lorrain, the victim of

this same old maid. [Pierrette.]

MARTENER (Madame), wife of the preceding, second daughter of Madame

Guenee, and sister of Madame Auffray. Having taken pity on Pierrette

Lorrain in her sickness, she gave to her, in 1828, the pleasures of

music, playing the compositions of Weber, Beethoven or Herold.

[Pierrette.]

MARTENER, son of the preceding couple, protege of Vinet the elder,

honest and thick-headed. He was, in 1839, examining magistrate at

Arcis-sur-Aube and caucused, during the election season in the spring

of this same year, with the officers, Michu, Goulard, O. Vinet and

Marest. [The Member for Arcis.]

MARTHA was for a long time the faithful chambermaid of Josephine

Claes; she died in old age between 1828 and 1830. [The Quest for the

Absolute.]

MARTHE (Sister), a Gray sister of Auvergne; from 1809 to 1816

instructed Veronique Sauviat--Madame Graslin--in reading, writing,

sacred history, the Old and the New Testaments, the Catechism, the

elements of arithmetic. [The Country Parson.]

MARTHE (Sister), born Beauseant, in 1730, a nun in the Abbey of

Chelles, fled with Sister Agathe (nee Langeais) and the Abbe de

Marolles to a poor lodging in the upper Saint-Martin district. On

January 22, 1793, she went to a pastry-cook near Saint Laurent to get

the wafers necessary for a mass for the repose of Louis XVI.'s soul.

At this ceremony she was present, as was also the man who had executed

the King. The following year, January 21, 1794, this same ceremony was

repeated exactly. She passed these two years of the Terror under

Mucius Scoevola's protection. [An Episode under the Terror.]

MARTHE (Sister), in the convent of the Carmelites at Blois, knew two

young women, Mesdames de l'Estorade and Gaston. [Letters of Two

Brides.]

MARTIN, a woman of a Dauphine village, of which Doctor Benassis was

mayor, kept the hospital children for three francs and a bar of soap

each month. She was, possibly, the first person in the country seen by

Genestas-Bluteau, and also the first to impart knowledge to him. [The

Country Doctor.]

MARTINEAU, name of two brothers employed by M. de Mortsauf in

connection with his farms in Touraine. The elder was at first a farm-

hand, then a steward; the younger, a warden. [The Lily of the Valley.]

MARTINEAU, son of one of the two Martineau brothers. [The Lily of the

Valley.]

MARTY (Jean-Baptiste), actor of melodrama, employe or manager of the

Gaite, before and after the Paris fire of 1836; born in 1779,

celebrated during the Restoration; in 1819 and 1820 he played in

"Mont-Sauvage," a play warmly applauded by Madame Vauquer. This woman

was accompanied to the theatre on the Boulevard du Crime, by her rue

Nueve-Sainte-Genevieve lodger, Jacques Collin, called also Vautrin, on

the evening before his arrest. [Father Goriot.] Marty died, at an

advanced age, in 1868, a chevalier in the Legion of Honor, after

having been for many years mayor of Charenton.

MARVILLE (De). (See Camusot.)

MARY, an Englishwoman in the family of Louis de l'Estorade during the

Restoration and under Louis Philippe. [Letters of Two Brides. The

Member for Arcis.]

MASSIN-LEVRAULT, junior, son of a poor locksmith of Montargis, grand-

nephew of Doctor Denis Minoret, as a result of his marriage with a

Levrault-Minoret; father of three girls, Pamela, Aline, and Madame

Goupil. He bought the office of clerk to the justice of peace in

Nemours, January, 1815, and lived at first with his family in the good

graces of Doctor Minoret, through whom his sister became postmistress

at Nemours. Massin-Levrault, junior, was one of the indirect

persecutors of Ursule de Portenduere. He became a minicipal councilor

after July, 1830, began to lend money to the laboring people at

exorbitant rates of interest, and finally developed into a confirmed

usurer. [Ursule Mirouet.]

MASSIN-LEVRAULT (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Levrault-

Minoret in 1793, grand-niece of Doctor Denis Minoret on the maternal

side; her father was a victim of the campaign in France. She strove in

every way possible to win the affections of her wealthy uncle, and was

one of Ursule de Portenduere's persecutors. [Ursule Mirouet.]

MASSOL, native of Carcassonne, licentiate in law and editor of the

"Gazette des Tribunaux" in May, 1830. Without knowing their

relationship he brought together Jacqueline and Jacques Collin, a

boarder at the Concierge, and, acting under Granville's orders, in his

journal attributed Lucien de Rubembre's suicidal death to the rupture

of a tumor. A Republican, through the lack of the particle /de/ before

his name, and very ambitious, he was, in 1834, the associate of Raoul

Nathan in the publication of a large journal, and sought to make a

tool of the poet-founder of this paper. In company with Stidmann,

Steinbock and Claude Vignon, Massol was a witness of the second

marriage of Valerie Marneffe. In 1845, having become a councilor of

state and president of a section, he supported Jenny Cadine. He was

then charged with the administrative lawsuit of S.-P. Gozonal. [Scenes

from a Courtesan's Life. The Magic Skin. A Daughter of Eve. Cousin

Betty. The Unconscious Humorists.]

MASSON, friend of Maitre Desroches, an attorney, to whom, upon the

latter's advice, Lucien de Rubempre hastened, when Coralie's furniture

was attached, in 1821. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris.]

MASSON (Publicola), born in 1795, the best known chiropodist in Paris,

a radical Republican of the Marat type, even resembled the latter

physically; counted Leon de Lora among his customers. [The Unconscious

Humorists.]

MATHIAS, born in 1753. He started as third clerk to a Bordeaux notary,

Chesneau, whom he succeeded. He married, but lost his wife in 1826. He

had one son on the bench, and a married daughter. He was a good

example of the old-fashioned country magistrate, and gave out his

enlightened opinions to two generations of Manervilles. [A Marriage

Settlement.]

MATHILDE (La Grande), on terms of friendship with Jenny Courand in

Paris, under the reign of Louis Philippe. [Gaudissart the Great.]

MATHURINE, a cook, spiritual and upright, first in the employ of the

Bishop of Nancy, but later given a place on rue Vaneau, Paris, with

Valerie Marneffe, by Lisbeth, a relative of the former on her mother's

side. [Cousin Betty.]

MATIFAT, a wealthy druggist on rue des Lombards, Paris, at the

beginning of the nineteenth century; kept the "Reine des Roses," which

later was handled by Ragon and Birotteau; typical member of the middle

classes, narrow in views and pleased with himself, vulgar in language

and, perhaps, in action. He married and had a daughter, whom he took,

with his wife, to the celebrated ball tendered by Cesar Birotteau on

rue Saint-Honore, Sunday, December 17, 1818. As a friend of the

Collevilles, Thuilliers and Saillards, Matifat obtained for them

invitations from Cesar Birotteau. In 1821 he supported on rue de Bondy

an actress, who was shortly transferred from the Panorama to the

Gymnase-Dramatique. Although called Florine, her true name was Sophie

Grignault, and she became subsequently Madame Nathan. J.-J. Bixiou and

Madame Desroches visited Matifat frequently during the year 1826,

sometimes on rue du Cherche-Midi, sometimes in the suburbs of Paris.

Having become a widower, Matifat remarried under Louis Philippe, and

retired from business. He was a silent partner in the theatre directed

by Gaudissart. [Cesar Birotteau. A Bachelor's Establishment. Lost

Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. The Firm of Nucingen.

Cousin Pons.]

MATIFAT (Madame), first wife of the preceding, a woman who wore a

turban and gaudy colors. She shone, under the Restoration, in

bourgeois circles and died probably during the reign of Louis

Philippe. [Cesar Birotteau. The Firm of Nucingen.]

MATIFAT (Mademoiselle), daughter of the preceding couple, attended the

Birotteau ball, was sought in marriage by Adolphe Cochin and Maitre

Desroches; married General Baron Gouraud, a poor man much her elder,

bringing to him a dowry of fifty thousand crowns and expectations of

an estate on rue du Cherche-Midi and a house at Luzarches. [Cesar

Birotteau. The Firm of Nucingen. Pierrette.]

MAUCOMBE (Comte de), of a Provencal family already celebrated under

King Rene. During the Revolution he "clothed himself in the humble

garments of a provincial proof-reader," in the printing office of

Jerome-Nicolas Sechard at Angouleme. He had a number of children:

Renee, who became Madame de l'Estorade; Jean, and Marianina, a natural

daughter, claimed by Lanty. He was a deputy by the close of 1826,

sitting between the Centre and the Right. [Lost Illusions. Letters of

Two Brides.]

MAUCOMBE (Jean de), son of the preceding, gave up his portion of the

family inheritance to his older sister, Madame de l'Estorade, born

Renee de Maucombe. [Letters of Two Brides.]

MAUFRIGNEUSE (Duc de), born in 1778, son of the Prince de Cadignan,

who died an octogenarian towards the close of the Restoration, leaving

then as eldest of the house the Prince de Cadignan. The prince was in

love with Madame d'Uxelles, but married her daughter, Diane, in 1814,

and afterwards lived unhappily with her. He supported Marie Godeschal;

was a cavalry colonel during the reigns of Louis XVIII. and Charles

X.; had under his command Philippe Bridau, the Vicomte de Serizy,

Oscar Husson. He was on intimate terms with Messieurs de Grandlieu and

d'Espard. [The Secrets of a Princess. A Start in Life. A Bachelor's

Establishment. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

MAUFRIGNEUSE (Duchesse de), wife of the preceding, born Diane

d'Uxelles in 1796, married in 1815. She was in turn the mistress of

Marsay, Miguel d'Ajuda-Pinto, Victurnien d'Esgrignon, Maxime de

Trailles, Eugene de Rastignac, Armand de Montriveau, Marquis de

Ronquerolles, Prince Galathionne, the Duc de Rhetore, a Grandlieu,

Lucien de Rubempre, and Daniel d'Arthez. She lived at various times in

the following places: Anzy, near Sancerre; Paris, on rue Saint-Honore

in the suburbs and on rue Miromesnil; Cinq-Cygne in Champagne; Geneva

and the borders of Leman. She inspired a foolish platonic affection in

Michel Chrestien, and kept at a distance the Duc d'Herouville, who

courted her towards the end of the Restoration by sarcasm and

brilliant repartee. Her first and last love affairs were especially

well known. For her the Marquis Miguel d'Ajudo-Pinto gave up Berthe de

Rochefide, his wife, avenging thus a former mistress, Claire de

Beauseant. Her liaison with Victurnien d'Esgrignon became the most

stormy of romances. Madame de Maufrigneuse, disguised as a man and

possessed of a passport, bearing the name of Felix de Vandenesse,

succeeded in rescuing from the Court of Assizes the young man who had

compromised himself in yielding to the foolish extravagance of his

mistress. The duchesse received even her tradesmen in an angelic way,

and became their prey. She scattered fortunes to the four winds, and

her indiscretions led to the sale of Anzy in a manner advantageous to

Polydore Milaud de la Baudraye. Some years later she made a vain

attempt to rescue Lucien de Rubempre, against whom a criminal charge

was pending. The Restoration and the Kingdom of 1830 gave to her life

a different lustre. Having fallen heir to the worldly sceptre of

Mesdames de Langeais and de Beauseant, both of whom she knew socially,

she became intimate with the Marquise d'Espard, a lady with whom in

1822 she disputed the right to rule the "fragile kingdom of fashion."

She visited frequently the Chaulieus, whom she met at a famous hunt

near Havre. In July, 1830, reduced to poor circumstances, abandoned by

her husband, who had then become the Prince de Cadignan, and assisted

by her relatives, Mesdames d'Uxelles and de Navarreins, Diane operated

as it were a kind of retreat, occupied herself with her son Georges,

and strengthening herself by the memory of Chrestien, also by

constantly visiting Madame d'Espard, she succeeded, without completely

foregoing society, in making captive the celebrated deputy of the

Right, a man of wealth and maturity, Daniel Arthez himself. In her own

home and in that of Felicite des Touches she heard, between 1832 and

1835, anecdotes of Marsay. The Princess de Cadignan had portraits of

her numerous lovers. She had also one of the /Madame/ whom she had

attended, and upon meeting him, showed it to Marsay, minister of Louis

Philippe. She owned also a picture of Charles X. which was thus

inscribed, "Given by the King." After the marriage of her son to a

Cinq-Cygne, she visited often at the estate of that name, and was

there in 1839, during the regular election. [The Secrets of a

Princess. Modeste Mignon. Jealousies of a Country town. The Muse of

the Department. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. Letters of Two Brides.

Another Study of Woman. The Gondreville Mystery. The Member for

Arcis.]

MAUFRIGNEUSE (Georges de), son of the preceding, born in 1814, had

successively in his service Toby and Marin, took the title of duke

towards the close of the Restoration, was in the last Vendean

uprising. Through his mother's instrumentality, who paved the way for

the match in 1833, he married Mademoiselle Berthe de Cinq-Cygne in

1838, and became heir to the estate of the same name the following

year during the regular election. [The Secrets of a Princess. The

Gondreville Mystery. Beatrix. The Member for Arcis.]

MAUFRIGNEUSE (Berthe de), wife of the preceding, daughter of Adrien

and Laurence de Cinq-Cygne, married in 1838, although she had been

very nearly engaged in 1833; she lived with all her family on their

property at Aube during the spring of 1839. [Beatrix. The Gondreville

Mystery. The Member for Arcis.]

MAUGREDIE, celebrated Pyrrhonic physician, being called into

consultation, he gave his judgment on the very serious case of Raphael

de Valentin. [The Magic Skin.]

MAULINCOUR[*] (Baronne de), born Rieux, an eighteenth century woman

who "did not lose her head" during the Revolution; intimate friend of

the Vidame de Pamiers. At the beginning of the Restoration she spent

half of her time in the suburbs of Saint-Germain, where she managed to

educate her grandson, Auguste Carbonnon de Maulincour, and the

remainder on her estates at Bordeaux, where she demanded the hand of

Natalie Evangelista in marriage for her grand-nephew, Paul de

Manerville. Of the family of this girl she had an unfavorable, but

just opinion. The Baronne de Maulincour died a short time before her

grandson of the chagrin which she felt on account of this young man's

unhappy experiences. [A Marriage Settlement. The Thirteen.]

[*] Some Maulincourts had, during the last century, a place of

residence on Chausee de Minimes, in the Marais, of which Elie

Magus subsequently became proprietor.

MAULINCOUR (Auguste Carbonnon de), born in 1797, grandson of the

preceding, by whom he was reared; moulded by the Vidame de Pamiers,

whom he left but rarely; lived on the rue de Bourbon in Paris; had a

short existence, under Louis XVIII., which was full of brilliance and

misfortune. Having embraced a military career he was decorated,

becoming major in a cavalry regiment of the Royal Guard, and

afterwards lieutenant-colonel of a company of body-guards. He vainly

courted Madame de Langeais, fell in love with Clemence Desmarets,

followed her, compromised her, and persecuted her. By his

indiscretions he drew upon himself the violent enmity of Gratien

Bourignard, father of Madame Desmarets. In this exciting struggle

Maulincour, having neglected the warnings that many self-imposed

accidents had brought upon him, also a duel with the Marquis de

Ronquerolles, was fatally poisoned and soon after followed the old

baroness, his grandmother, to Pere-Lachaise. [The Thirteen.]

MAUNY (Baron de), was killed during the Restoration, or after 1830, in

the suburbs of Versailles, by Victor (the Parisian), who struck him

with a hatchet. The murderer finally took refuge at Aiglemont in the

family of his future mistress, Helene. [A Woman of Thirty.]

MAUPIN (Camille). (See Touches, Felicite des.)

MAURICE, valet, employed by the Comte and Comtess de Restaud, during

the Restoration. His master believed his servant to be faithful to his

interests, but the valet, on the contrary, was true to those of the

wife who opposed her husband in everything. [Father Goriot. Gobseck.]

MEDAL (Robert), celebrated and talented actor, who was on the Parisian

stage in the last years of Louis Philippe, at the time when Sylvain

Pons directed the orchestra in Gaudissart's theatre. [Cousin Pons.]

MELIN, inn-keeper or "cabaretier" in the west of France, furnished

lodging in 1809 to the Royalists who were afterwards condemned by

Mergi, and himself received five years of confinement. [The Seamy Side

of History.]

MELMOTH (John), an Irishman of pronounced English characteristics, a

Satanical character, who made a strange agreement with Rodolphe

Castanier, Nucingen's faithless cashier, whereby they were to make a

reciprocal exchange of personalities; in 1821, he died in the odor of

holiness, on rue Ferou, Paris. [Melmoth Reconciled.]

MEMMI (Emilio). (See Varese, Prince de.)

MENE-A-BIEN, cognomen of Coupiau.

MERGI (De), magistrate during the Empire and the Restoration, whose

activity was rewarded by both governments, inasmuch as he always

struck the members of the party out of power. In 1809 the court over

which he presided was charged with the cases of the "Chauffeurs of

Mortagne." Mergi showed great hatred in his dealings with Madame de la

Chanterie. [The Seamy Side of History.]

MERGI (De), son of the preceding, married Vanda de Bourlac. [The Seamy

Side of History.]

MERGI (Baronne Vanda de), born Bourlac, of Polish origin on her

mother's side, belonged to the family of Tarlowski, married the son of

Mergi, the celebrated magistrate, and having survived him, was

condemned to poverty and sickness; was aided in Paris by Godefroid, a

messenger from Madame de la Chanterie, and attended by her father and

Doctors Bianchon, Desplein, Haudry and Moise Halpersohn, the last of

whom finally saved her. [The Seamy Side of History.]

MERGI (Auguste de), during the last half of Louis Philippe's reign was

in turn a collegian, university student and humble clerk in the Palais

at Paris; looked after the needs of his mother, Vanda de Mergi, with

sincerest devotion. For her sake he stole four thousand francs from

Moise Halpersohn, but remained unpunished, thanks to one of the

Brothers of Consolation, who boarded with Madame de la Chanterie. [The

Seamy Side of History.]

MERKSTUS, banker at Douai, under the Restoration had a bill of

exchange for ten thousand francs signed by Balthazar Claes, and, in

1819, presented it to the latter for collection. [The Quest of the

Absolute.]

MERLE, captain in the Seventy-second demi-brigade; jolly and careless.

Killed at La Vivetiere in December, 1799, by Pille-Miche (Cibot). [The

Chouans.]

MERLIN, of Douai, belonged to the convention, of which he was, for two

years, one of the five directors; attorney-general in the court of

appeal; in September, 1805, rejected the appeal of the Simeuses, of

the Hauteserres, and of Michu, men who had been condemned for

kidnapping Senator Malin. [The Gondreville Mystery.]

MERLIN (Hector), came to Paris from Limoges, expecting to become a

journalist; a Royalist; during the two years in which Lucien de

Rubempre made his literary and political beginning, Merlin was

especially noted. At that time he was Suzanne du Val-Noble's lover,

and a polemical writer for a paper of the Right-Centre; he also

brought honor to Andoche Finot's little gazette by his contributions.

As a journalist he was dangerous, and could, if necessary, fill the

chair of the editor-in-chief. In March, 1822, with Theodore Gaillard,

he established the "Reveil," another kind of "Drapeau Blanc." Merlin

had an unattractive face, lighted by two pale-blue eyes, which were

fearfully sharp; his voice had in it something of the mewing of a cat,

something of the hyena's asthmatic gasping. [A Distinguished

Provincial at Paris.]

MERLIN DE LA BLOTTIERE (Mademoiselle), of a noble family of Tours

(1826); Francois Birotteau's friend. [The Vicar of Tours.]

MERRET (De), gentleman of Picardie, proprietor of the Grande Breteche,

near Vendome, under the Empire; had the room walled up, where he knew

the Spaniard Bagos de Feredia, lover of his wife, was in hiding. He

died in 1816 at Paris as a result of excesses. [La Grande Breteche.]

MERRET (Madame Josephine de), wife of the preceding, mistress of Bagos

de Feredia, whom she saw perish almost under her eyes, after she had

refused to give him up to her husband. She died in the same year as

Merret, at La Grande Breteche, as a result of the excitement she had

undergone. The story of Madame de Merret was the subject of a

vaudeville production given at the Gymnase-Dramatique under the title

of "Valentine." [La Grande Breteche.]

METIVIER, paper merchant on rue Serpente in Paris, under the

Restoration; correspondent of David Sechard, friend of Gobseck and of

Bidault, accompanying them frequently to the cafe Themis, between rue

Dauphine and the Quai des Augustins. Having two daughters, and an

income of a hundred thousand francs, he withdrew from business. [Lost

Illusions. The Government Clerks. The Middle Classes.]

METIVIER, nephew and successor of the preceding, one of whose

daughters he married. He was interested in the book business, in

connection with Morand and Barbet; took advantage of Bourlac in 1838;

lived on rue Saint-Dominique d'Enfer, in the Thuillier house in 1840;

engaged in usurious transactions with Jeanne-Marie-Brigitte, Cerizet,

Dutocq, discounters of various kinds and titles. [The Seamy Side of

History. The Middle Classes.]

MEYNARDIE (Madame), at Paris, under the Restoration, in all

probability, had an establishment or shop in which Ida Gruget was

employed; undoubtedly controlled a house of ill-fame, in which Esther

van Gobseck was a boarder. [The Thirteen. Scenes from a Courtesan's

Life.]

MEYRAUX, medical doctor; a scholarly young Parisian, with whom Louis

Lambert associated, November, 1819. Until his death in 1832 Meyraux

was a member of the rue des Quatre-Vents Cenacle, over which Daniel

d'Arthez presided. [Louis Lambert. A Distinguished Provincial at

Paris.]

MICHAUD (Justin), an old chief quartermaster to the cuirassiers of the

Imperial Guard, chevalier of the Legion of Honor. He married one of

the Montcornet maids, Olympe Charel, and became, under the

Restoration, head warden of the Montcornet estates at Blangy in

Bourgogne. Unknown to himself he was secretly beloved by Genevieve

Niseron. His military frankness and loyal devotion succumbed before an

intrigue formed against him by Sibilet, steward of Aigues, and by the

Rigous, Soudrys, Gaubertins, Fourchons and Tonsards. On account of the

complicity of Courtecuisse and Vaudoyer the bullet fired by Francois

Tonsard, in 1823, overcame the vigilance of Michaud. [The Peasantry.]

MICHAUD (Madame Justin), born Olympe Charel, a virtuous and pretty

farmer's daughter of Le Perche; wife of the preceding; chambermaid of

Madame de Montcornet--born Troisville--before her marriage and

induction to Aigues in Bourgogne. Her marriage to Justin Michaud was

the outcome of mutual love. She had in her employ Cornevin, Juliette

and Gounod; sheltered Genevieve Niseron, whose strange disposition she

seemed to understand. For her husband, who was thoroughly hated in the

Canton of Blangy, she often trembled, and on the same night that

Michaud was murdered she died from over-anxiety, soon after giving

birth to a child which did not survive her. [The Peasantry.]

MICHEL, writer at Socquard's cafe and coffee-house keeper at Soulanges

in 1823. He also looked after his patron's vineyard and garden. [The

Peasantry.]

MICHONNEAU (Christine-Michelle). (See Poiret, the elder, Madame.)

MICHU, during the progress of and after the French Revolution he

played a part directly contrary to his regular political affiliations.

His lowly birth, his harsh appearance, and his marriage with the

daughter of a Troyes tanner of advanced opinion, all helped to make

his pronounced Republicanism seem in keeping, although beneath it he

hid his Royalist faith and an active devotion to the Simeuses, the

Hauteserres and the Cinq-Cygnes. Michu controlled the Gondreville

estate between 1789 and 1804, after it was snatched from its rightful

owners, and under the Terror he presided over the Jacobin club at

Arcis. As a result of the assassination of the Duc d'Enghien March 21,

1804, he lost his position at Gondreville. Michu then lived not far

from there, near Laurence de Cinq-Cygne, to whom he made known his

secret conduct, and, as a result, became overseer of all the estate

attached to the castle. Having publicly shown his opposition to Malin,

he was thought guilty of being leader in a plot to kidnap the new

Seigneur de Gondreville, and was consequently condemned to death, a

sentence which was executed, despite his innocence, October, 1806.

[The Gondreville Mystery.]

MICHU (Marthe), wife of the preceding, daughter of a Troyes tanner,

"the village apostle of the Revolution," who, as a follower of

Baboeuf, a believer in racial and social equality, was put to death. A

blonde with blue eyes, and of perfect build, in accordance with her

father's desire, despite her modest innocence, posed before a public

assembly as the Goddess of Liberty. Marthe Michu adored her husband,

by whom she had a son, Francois, but being ignorant for a long time of

his secret, she lived in a manner separated from him, under her

mother's wing. When she did learn of her husband's Royalist actions,

and that he was devoted to the Cinq-Cygnes, she assisted him, but

falling into a skilfuly contrived plot, she innocently brought about

her husband's execution. A forged letter having attracted her to

Malin's hiding-place, Madame Michu furnished all the necessary

evidence to make the charge of kidnapping seem plausible. She also was

cast into prison and was awaiting trial when death claimed her,

November, 1806. [The Gondreville Mystery.]

MICHU (Francois), son of the preceding couple, born in 1793. In 1803,

while in the service of the house of Cinq-Cygne, he ferreted out the

police-system that Giguet represented. The tragic death of his parents

(a picture of one of them hung on the wall at Cinq-Cygne) caused his

adoption in some way or other by the Marquise Laurence, whose efforts

afterwards paved the way for his career as a lawyer from 1817 to 1819,

an occupation which he left, only to become a magistrate. In 1824 he

was associate judge of the Alencon court. Then he was appointed

attorney of the king and received the cross of the Legion of Honor,

after the suit against Victurnien d'Esgrignon by M. du Bosquier and

the Liberals. Three years later he performed similar duties at the

Arcis court, over which he presided in 1839. Already wealthy, and

receiving an income of twelve thousand francs granted him in 1814 by

Madame de Cinq-Cygne, Francois Michu married a native of Champagne,

Mademoiselle Girel, a Troyes heiress. In Arcis he attended only the

social affairs given by the Cinq-Cygnes, then become allies of the

Cadignans, and in fact never visited any others. [The Gondreville

Mystery. Jealousies of a Country Town. The Member for Arcis.]

MICHU (Madame Francois), wife of the preceding, born Girel. Like her

husband, she rather looked with scorn upon Arcis society, in 1839, and

departed little from the circle made up of government officers'

families and the Cinq-Cygnes. [The Gondreville Mystery. The Member for

Arcis.]

MIGEON, in 1836, porter in the rue des Martyrs house in which Etienne

Lousteau lived for three years; he was commissioned for nine hundred

francs by Mme. de la Baudraye, who then lived with the writer, to

carry her jewelry to the pawn-broker. [The Muse of the Department.]

MIGEON (Pamela), daughter of the preceding, born in 1823; in 1837, the

intelligent little waiting-maid of Madame de la Baudraye, when the

baronne lived with Lousteau. [The Muse of the Department.]

MIGNON DE LA BASTIE (Charles), born in 1773 in the district of Var,

"last member of the family to which Paris is indebted for the street

and the house built by Cardinal Mignon"; went to war under the

Republic; was closely associated with Anne Dumay. At the beginning of

the Empire, as the result of mutual affection, his marriage with

Bettina Wallenrod only daughter of a Frankfort banker took place.

Shortly before the return of the Bourbons, he was appointed

lieutenant-colonel, and became commander of the Legion of Honor. Under

the Restoration Charles Mignon de la Bastie lived at Havre with his

wife, and acquired forthwith, by means of banking, a large fortune,

which he shortly lost. After absenting himself from the country, he

returned, during the last year of Charles X.'s reign, from the Orient,

having become a multi-millionaire. Of his four children, he lost

three, two having died in early childhood, while Bettina Caroline, the

third, died in 1827, after being misled and finally deserted by M.

d'Estourny. Marie-Modeste was the only child remaining, and she was

confided during her father's journeys to the care of the Dumays, who

were under obligations to the Mignons; she married Ernest de la

Bastie-La Briere (also called La Briere-la Bastie). The brilliant

career of Charles Mignon was the means of his reassuming the title,

Comte de la Bastie. [Modeste Mignon.]

MIGNON (Madame Charles), wife of the preceding, born Bettina

Wallenrod-Tustall-Bartenstild, indulged daughter of a banker in

Frankfort-on-the-Main. She became blind soon after her elder daughter,

Bettina-Caroline's troubles and early death, and had a presentiment of

the romance connected with her younger daughter, Marie-Modeste, who

became Madame Ernest de la Bastie-La Briere. Towards the close of the

Restoration, Madame Charles Mignon, as the result of an operation by

Desplein, recovered her sight and was a witness of Marie-Modeste's

happiness. [Modeste Mignon.]

MIGNON (Bettina-Caroline), elder daughter of the preceding couple;

born in 1805, the very image of her father; a typical Southern girl;

was favored by her mother over her younger sister, Marie-Modeste, a

kind of "Gretchen," who was similar in appearance to Madame Mignon.

Bettina-Caroline was seduced, taken away and finally deserted by a

"gentleman of fortune," named D'Estourny, and shortly sank at Havre

under the load of her sins and suffering, surrounded by nearly all of

her family. Since 1827 there has been inscribed on her tomb in the

little Ingouville cemetery the following inscription: "Bettina

Caroline Mignon, died when twenty-two years of age. Pray for her!"

[Modeste Mignon.]

MIGNON (Marie-Modeste). (See La Bastie-La Briere, Madame Ernest de.)

MIGNONNET, born in 1782, graduate of the military schools, was an

artillery captain in the Imperial Guard, but resigned under the

Restoration and lived at Issoudun. Short and thin, but of dignified

bearing; much occupied with science; friend of the cavalry officer

Carpentier, with whom he joined the citizens against Maxence Gilet.

Gilet's military partisans, Commandant Potel and Captain Renard, lived

in the Faubourg of Rome, Belleville of the corporation of Berry. [A

Bachelor's Establishment.]

MILAUD, handsome representative of the self-enriched plebeian branch

of Milauds; relative of Jean-Athanase-Polydore Milaud de la Baudraye,

in whose marriage he put no confidence, and from whom he expected to

receive an inheritance. Under the favor of Marchangy, he undertook the

career of a public prosecutor. Under Louis XVIII. he was a deputy at

Angouleme, a position to which he was succeeded by maitre Petit-Claud.

Milaud eventually performed the same duties at Nevers, which was

probably his native country. [Lost Illusions. The Muse of the

Department.]

MILAUD DE LA BAUDRAYE. (See La Baudraye.)

MILLET, Parisian grocer, on rue Chanoinesse, in 1836 attended to the

renting of a small unfurnished room in Madame de la Chanterie's house;

gave Godefroid information, after having submitted him to a rigid

examination. [The Seamy Side of History.]

MINARD (Louis), refractory "chauffeur," connected with the Royalist

insurrection in western France, 1809, was tried at the bar of justice,

where Bourlac and Mergi presided; he was executed the same year that

he was condemned to death. [The Seamy Side of History.]

MINARD (Auguste-Jean-Francois), as clerk to the minister of finances

he received a salary of fifteen hundred francs. In the florist

establishment of a fellow-workman's sister, Mademoiselle Godard, of

rue Richelieu, he met a clerk, Zelie Lorain, the daughter of a porter.

He fell in love with her, married her, and had by her two children,

Julien and Prudence. He lived near the Courcelles gate, and as an

economical worker of retiring disposition he was made the butt of

J.-J. Bixiou's jests in the Treasury Department. Necessity gave him

fortitude and originality. After giving up his position in December,

1824, Minard opened a trade in adulterated teas and chocolates, and

subsequently became a distiller. In 1835 he was the richest merchant

in the vicinity, having an establishment on the Place Maubert and one

of the best houses on the rue des Macons-Sorbonne. In 1840 Minard

became mayor of the eleventh district, where he lived, judge of the

tribunal of commerce, and officer of the Legion of Honor. He

frequently met his former colleagues of the period of the Restoration:

Colleville, Thuillier, Dutocq, Fleury, Phellion, Xavier Rabourdin,

Saillard, Isidore Baudoyer and Godard. [The Government Clerks. The

Firm of Nucingen. The Middle Classes.]

MINARD (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Zelie Lorain, daughter of

a porter. On account of her cold and prudent disposition, she did not

persist long in her trial at the Conservatory, but became a florist's

girl in Mademoiselle Godard's establishment on rue Richelieu. After

her marriage to Francois Minard she gave birth to two children, and,

with the help of Madame Lorain, her mother, reared them comfortably

near the Courcelles gate. Under Louis Philippe, having become rich,

and living in that part of the Saint-Germain suburbs which lies next

to Saint-Jacques, she showed, as did her husband, the silly pride of

the enriched mediocrity. [The Government Clerks. The Middle Classes.]

MINARD (Julien), son of the preceding couple, attorney; at first

considered "the family genius." In 1840 he committed some

indiscretions with Olympe Cardinal, creator of "Love's Telegraphy,"

played at Mourier's small theatre[*] on the Boulevard. His dissipation

ended in a separation brought about by Julien's parents, who

contributed to the support of the actress, then become Madame Cerizet.

[The Middle Classes.]

[*] This theatre was built in 1831 on the Boulevard du Temple, where

the first Ambigu had been situated; it was afterwards moved to No.

40, rue de Bondy, December 30, 1862.

MINARD (Prudence), sister of the preceding, was sought in marriage by

Felix Gaudissart towards the end of Louis Philippe's reign. [The

Middle Classes. Cousin Pons.]

MINETTE,[*] vaudeville actress on rue de Chartres, during the

Restoration, died during the first part of the Second Empire, lawful

wife of a director of the Gaz; was well known for her brilliancy, and

was responsible for the saying that "Time is a great faster," quoted

sometimes before Lucien de Rubempre in 1821-22. [A Distinguished

Provincial at Paris.]

[*] Minette married M. Marguerite; she lived in Paris during the last

years of her life in the large house at the corner of rue Saint-

Georges and rue Provence.

MINORETS (The), representatives of the well-known "company of army

contractors," in which Mademoiselle Sophie Laguerre's steward, who

preceded Gaubertin at Aigues, in Bourgogne, acquired a one-third

share, after giving up his stewardship. [The Peasantry.] The relatives

of Madame Flavie Colleville, daughter of a ballet-dancer, who was

supported by Galathionne and, perhaps, by the contractor, Du

Bourguier, were connected with the Minorets, probably the army

contractor Minorets. [The Government Clerks.]

MINORET (Doctor Denis), born in Nemours in 1746, had the support of

Dupont, deputy to the States-General in 1789, who was his fellow-

citizen; he was intimate with the Abbe Morellet, also the pupil of

Rouelle the chemist, and an ardent admirer of Diderot's friend,

Bordeu, by means of whom, or his friends, he gained a large practice.

Denis Minoret invented the Lelievre balm, became an acquaintance and

protector of Robespierre, married the daughter of the celebrated

harpsichordist, Valentin Mirouet, died suddenly, soon after the

execution of Madame Roland. The Empire, like the former governments,

recompensed Minoret's ability, and he became consulting physician to

His Imperial and Royal Majesty, in 1805, chief hospital physician,

officer of the Legion of Honor, chevalier of Saint-Michel, and member

of the Institute. Upon withdrawing to Nemours, January, 1815, he lived

there in company with his ward, Ursule Mirouet, daughter of his

brother-in-law, Joseph Mirouet, later Madame Savinien de Portenduere,

a girl whom he had taken care of since she had become an orphan. As

she was the living image of the late Madame Denis Minoret, he loved

her so devotedly that his lawful heirs, Minoret-Levrault, Massin,

Cremiere, fearing that they would lose a large inheritance, mistreated

the adopted child. Doctor Minoret, at the time when he was worried

over their plotting, saw Bouvard, a fellow-Parisian with whom he had

formerly associated, and through his influence interested himself

greatly in the subject of magnetism. In 1835, surrounded by some of

his nearest relatives, Minoret died at an advanced age, having been

converted from the philosophy of Voltaire through the influence of

Ursule, whom he remembered substantially in his will. [Ursule

Mirouet.]

MINORET-LEVRAULT (Francois), son of the oldest brother of the

preceding, and his nearest heir, born in 1769, strong but uncouth and

illiterate, had charge of the post-horses and was keeper of the best

tavern in Nemours, as a result of his marriage with Zelie Levrault-

Cremiere, an only daughter. After the Revolution of 1830 he became

deputy-mayor. As principle heir to Doctor Minoret's estate he was the

bitterest persecutor of Ursule Mirouet, and made away with the will

which favored the young girl. Later, being compelled to restore her

property, overcome by remorse, and sorrowing for his son, who was the

victim of a runaway, and for his insane wife, Francois Minoret-

Levrault became the faithful keeper of the property of Ursule, who had

then become Madame Savinien de Portenduere. [Ursule Mirouet.]

MINORET-LEVRAULT (Madame Francois), wife of the preceding, born Zelie

Levrault-Cremiere, physically feeble, sour of countenance and action,

harsh, greedy, as illiterate as her husband, brought him as dower half

of her maiden name (a local tradition) and a first-class tavern. She

was, in reality, the manager of the Nemours post-house. She worshiped

her son Desire, whose tragic death was sufficient punishment for her

avaricious persecutions of Ursule de Portenduere. She died insane in

Doctor Blanche's sanitarium in the village of Passy[*] in 1841. [Ursule

Mirouet.]

[*] Since 1860 a suburb of Paris.

MINORET (Desire), son of the preceding couple, born in 1805. Obtained

a half scholarship in the Louis-le-Grand lyceum in Paris, through the

instrumentality of Fontanes, an acquaintance of Dr. Minoret; finally

studied law. Under Goupil's leadership he became somewhat dissipated

as a young man, and loved in turn Esther van Gobseck and Sophie

Grignault--Florine--who, after declining his offer of marriage, became

Madame Nathan. Desire Minoret was not actively associated with his

family in the persecution of Ursule de Portenduere. The Revolution of

1830 was advantageous to him. He took part during the three glorious

days of fighting, received the decoration, and was selected to be

deputy attorney to the king at Fontainebleau. He died as a result of

the injuries received in a runaway, October, 1836. [Ursule Mirouet.]

MIRAH (Josepha), born in 1814. Natural daughter of a wealthy Jewish

banker, abandoned in Germany, although she bore as a sign of her

identity an anagram of her Jewish name, Hiram. When fifteen years old

and a working girl in Paris, she was found out and misled by Celestine

Crevel, whom she left eventually for Hector Hulot, a more liberal man.

The munificence of the commissary of stores exalted her socially, and

gave her the opportunity of training her voice. Her vocal attainments

established her as a prima donna, first at the Italiens, then on rue

le Peletier. After Hector Hulot became a bankrupt, she abandoned him

and his house on rue Chauchat, near the Royal Academy, where, at

different times, had lived Tullia, Comtesse du Bruel and Heloise

Brisetout. The Duc d'Herouville became Mademoiselle Mirah's lover.

This affair led to an elegant reception on rue de la Ville-l'Eveque to

which all Paris received invitation. Josepha had at all times many

followers. One of the Kellers and the Marquis d'Esgrignon made fools

of themselves over her. Eugene de Rastignac, at that time minister,

invited her to his home, and insisted upon her singing the celebrated

cavatina from "La Muette." Irregular in her habits, whimisical,

covetous, intelligent, and at times good-natured, Josepha Mirah gave

some proof of generosity when she helped the unfortunate Hector Hulot,

for whom she went so far as to get Olympe Grenouville. She finally

told Madame Adeline Hulot of the baron's hiding-place on the Passage

du Soleil in the Petite-Pologne section. [Cousin Betty.]

MIRAULT, name of one branch of the Bargeton family, merchants in

Bordeaux during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. [Lost

Illusions.]

MIRBEL (Madame de), well-known miniature-painter from 1796 to 1849;

made successively the portrait of Louise de Chaulieu, given by this

young woman to the Baron de Macumer, her future husband; of Lucien de

Rubempre for Esther Gobseck; of Charles X. for the Princess of

Cadignan, who hung it on the wall of her little salon on rue

Miromesnil, after the Revolution of 1830. This last picture bore the

inscription, "Given by the King." [Letters of Two Brides. Scenes from

a Courtesan's Life. The Secrets of a Princess.]

MIROUET (Ursule). (See Portenduere, Vicomtesse Savinien de.)

MIROUET (Valentin), celebrated harpsichordist and instrument-maker;

one of the best known French organists; father-in-law of Doctor

Minoret; died in 1785. His business was bought by Erard. [Ursule

Mirouet.]

MIROUET (Joseph), natural son of the preceding and brother-in-law of

Doctor Denis Minoret. He was a good musician and of a Bohemian

disposition. He was a regiment musician during the wars in the latter

part of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries.

He passed through Germany, and while there married Dinah Grollman, by

whom he had a daughter, Ursule, later the Vicomtesse de Portenduere,

who had been left a penniless orphan in her early youth. [Ursule

Mirouet.]

MITANT (La), a very poor woman of Conches in Bourgogne, who was

condemned for having let her cow graze on the Montcornet estate. In

1823 the animal was seized by the deputy, Brunet, and his assistants,

Vermichel and Fourchon. [The Peasantry.]

MITOUFLET, old grenadier of the Imperial Guard, husband of a wealthy

vineyard proprietress, kept the tavern Soleil d'Or at Vouvray in

Touraine. After 1830 Felix Gaudissart lived there and Mitouflet served

as his second in a harmless duel brought on by a practical joke played

on the illustrious traveling salesman, dupe of the insane Margaritis.

[Gaudissart the Great.]

MITOUFLET, usher to the minister of war under Louis Philippe, in the

time of Cottin de Wissembourg, Hulot d'Ervy and Marneffe. [Cousin

Betty.]

MITRAL, a bachelor, whose eyes and face were snuff-colored, a bailiff

in Paris during the Restoration, also at the same time a money-lender.

He numbered among his patrons Molineux and Birotteau. He was invited

to the celebrated ball given in December, 1818, by the perfumer. Being

a maternal uncle of Isidore Baudoyer, connected in a friendly way with

Bidault--Gigonnet--and Esther-Jean van Gobseck, Mitral, by their good-

will, obtained his nephew's appointment to the Treasury, December,

1824. He spent his time then in Isle-Adam, the Marais and the Saint-

Marceau section, places of residence of his numerous family. In

possession of a fortune, which undoubtedly would go later to the

Isidore Baudoyers, Mitral retired to the Seine-et-Oise division.

[Cesar Birotteau. The Government Clerks.]

MIZERAI, in 1836 a restaurant-keeper on rue Michel-le-Comte, Paris.

Zephirin Marcas took his dinners with him at the rate of nine sous.

[Z. Marcas.]

MODINIER, steward to Monsieur de Watteville; "governor" of Rouxey, the

patrimonial estate of the Wattevilles. [Albert Savarus.]

MOINOT, in 1815 mail-carrier for the Chaussee-d'Antin; married and the

father of four children; lived in the fifth story at 11, rue des

Trois-Freres, now known as rue Taitbout. He innocently exposed the

address of Paquita Valdes to Laurent, a servant of Marsay, who

artfully tried to obtain it for him. "My name," said the mail-carrier

to the servant, "is written just like /Moineau/ (sparrow)--M-o-i-n-o-

t." "Certainly," replied Laurent. [The Thirteen.]

MOISE, Jew, who was formerly a leader of the /rouleurs/ in the South.

His wife, La Gonore, was a widow in 1830. [Scenes from a Courtesan's

Life.]

MOISE, a Troyes musician, whom Madame Beauvisage thought of employing

in 1839 as the instructor of her daughter, Cecile, at Arcis-sur-Aube.

[The Member for Arcis.]

MOLINEUX (Jean-Baptiste), Parisian landlord, miserly and selfish.

Mesdames Crochard lived in one of his houses between rue du

Tourniquet-Saint-Jean and rue la Tixeranderie, in 1815. Mesdames

Leseigneur de Rouville and Hippolyte Schinner were also his tenants,

at about the same time, on rue de Surene. Jean-Baptiste Molineux lived

on Cour-Batave during the first part of Louis XVIII.'s reign. He then

owned the house next to Cesar Birotteau's shop on rue Saint-Honore.

Molineux was one of the many guests present at the famous ball of

December 17, 1818, and a few months later was the annoying assignee

connected with the perfumer's failure. [A Second Home. The Purse.

Cesar Birotteau.]

MOLLOT, through the influence of his wife, Sophie, appointed clerk to

the justice of the peace at Arcis-sur-Aube; often visited Madame

Marion, and saw at her home Goulard, Beauvisage, Giguet, and Herbelot.

[The Member for Arcis.]

MOLLOT (Madame Sophie), wife of the preceding, a prying, prating

woman, who disturbed herself greatly over Maxime de Trailles during

the electoral campaign in the division of Arcis-sur-Aube, April, 1839.

[The Member for Arcis.]

MOLLOT (Earnestine), daughter of the preceding couple, was, in 1839, a

young girl of marriageable age. [The Member for Arcis.]

MONGENOD, born in 1764; son of a grand council attorney, who left him

an income of five or six thousand. Becoming bankrupt during the

Revolution, he became first a clerk with Frederic Alain, under Bordin,

the solicitor. He was unsuccessful in several ventures: as a

journalist with the "Sentinelle," started or built up by him; as a

musical composer with the "Peruviens," an opera-comique given in 1798

at the Feydau theatre.[*] His marriage and the family expenses

attendant rendered his financial condition more and more embarrassing.

Mongenod had lent money to Frederic Alain, so that he might be present

at the opening performance of the "Marriage de Figaro." He borrowed,

in turn, from Alain a sum of money which he was unable to return at

the time agreed. He set out thereupon for America, made a fortune,

returned January, 1816, and reimbursed Alain. From this time dates the

opening of the celebrated Parisian banking-house of Mongenod & Co. The

firm-name changed to Mongenod & Son, and then to Mongenod Brothers. In

1819 the bankruptcy of the perfumer, Cesar Birotteau, having taken

place, Mongenod became personally interested at the Bourse,[+] in the

affair, negotiating with merchants and discounters. Mongenod died in

1827. [The Seamy Side of History. Cesar Birotteau.]

[*] The Feydau theatre, with its dependencies on the thoroughfare of

the same name, existed in Paris until 1826 on the site now taken

by the rue de la Bourse.

[+] The Bourse temporarily occupied a building on rue Feydau, while

the present palace was building.

MONGENOD (Madame Charlotte), wife of the preceding, in the year 1798

bore up bravely under her poverty, even selling her hair for twelve

francs that her family might have bread. Wealthy, and a widow after

1827, Madame Mongenod remained the chief adviser and support of the

bank, operated in Paris on rue de la Victoire, by her two sons,

Frederic and Louis. [The Seamy Side of History.]

MONGENOD (Frederic), eldest of the preceding couple's three children,

received from his thankful parents the given name of M. Alain and

became, after 1827, the head of his father's banking-house on rue de

la Victoire. His honesty is shown by the character of his patrons,

among whom were the Marquis d'Espard, Charles Mignon de la Bastie, the

Baronne de la Chanterie and Godefroid. [The Commission in Lunacy. The

Seamy Side of History.]

MONGENOD (Louis), younger brother of the preceding, with whom he had

business association on rue de la Victoire, where he was receiving the

prudent advice of his mother, Madame Charlotte Mongenod, when

Godefroid visited him in 1836. [The Seamy Side of History.]

MONGENOD (Mademoiselle), daughter of Frederic and Charlotte Mongenod,

born in 1799; she was offered in marriage, January, 1816, to Frederic

Alain, who would not accept this token of gratitude from the wealthy

Mongenods. Mademoiselle Mongenod married the Vicomte de Fontaine. [The

Seamy Side of History.]

MONISTROL, native of Auvergne, a Parisian broker, towards the last

years of Louis Phillippe's reign, successively on rue de Lappe and the

new Beaumarchais boulevard. He was one of the pioneers in the curio

business, along with the Popinots, Ponses, and the Remonencqs. This

kind of business afterwards developed enormously. [Cousin Pons.]

MONTAURAN (Marquis Alophonse de), was, in the closing years of the

eighteenth century, connected with nearly all of the well-known

Royalist intrigues in France and elsewhere. He frequently visited,

along with Flamet de la Billardiere and the Comte de Fontaine, the

home of Ragon, the perfumer, who was proprietor of the "Reine des

Roses," from which went forth the Royalist correspondence between the

West and Paris. Too young to have been at Versailles, Alphonse de

Montauran had not "the courtly manners for which Lauzun, Adhemar,

Coigny, and so many others were noted." His education was incomplete.

Towards the autumn of 1799 he especially distinguished himself. His

attractive appearance, his youth, and a mingled gallantry and

authoritativeness, brought him to the notice of Louis XVIII., who

appointed him governor of Bretagne, Normandie, Maine and Anjou. Under

the name of Gras, having become commander of the Chouans, in

September, the marquis conducted them in an attack against the Blues

on the plateau of La Pelerine, which extends between Fougeres, Ille-

et-Vilaine, and Ernee, Mayenne. Madame du Gua did not leave him even

then. Alphonse de Montauran sought the hand of Mademoiselle d'Uxelles,

after leaving this, the last mistress of Charette. Nevertheless, he

fell in love with Marie de Verneuil, the spy, who had entered Bretagne

with the express intention of delivering him to the Blues. He married

her in Fougeres, but the Republicans murdered him and his wife a few

hours after their marriage. [Cesar Birotteau. The Chouans.]

MONTAURAN (Marquise Alphonse de), wife of the preceding; born Marie-

Nathalie de Verneuil at La Chanterie near Alencon, natural daughter of

Mademoiselle Blanche de Casteran, who was abbess of Notre-Dame de Seez

at the time of her death, and of Victor-Amedee, Duc de Verneuil, who

owned her and left her an inheritance, at the expense of her

legitimate brother. A lawsuit between brother and sister resulted.

Marie-Nathalie lived then with her guardian, the Marechal Duc de

Lenoncourt, and was supposed to be his mistress. After vainly trying

to bring him to the point of marriage she was cast off by him. She

passed through divers political and social paths during the

Revolutionary period. After having shone in court circles she had

Danton for a lover. During the autumn of 1799 Fouche hired Marie de

Verneuil to betray Alphonse de Montauran, but the lovely spy and the

chief of the Chouans fell in love with each other. They were united in

marriage a few hours before their death towards the end of that year,

1799, in which Jacobites and Chouans fought on Bretagne soil. Madame

de Montauran was attired in her husband's clothes when a Republican

bullet killed her. [The Chouans.]

MONTAURAN (Marquis de), younger brother of Alphonse de Montauran, was

in London, in 1799, when he received a letter from Colonel Hulot

containing Alphonse's last wishes. Montauran complied with them;

returned to France, but did not fight against his country. He kept his

wealth through the intervention of Colonel Hulot and finally served

the Bourbons in the gendarmerie, where he himself became a colonel.

When Louis Philippe came to the throne, Montauran believed an absolute

retirement necessary. Under the name of M. Nicolas, he became one of

the Brothers of Consolation, who met in Madame de la Chanterie's home

on rue Chanoinesse. He saved M. Auguste de Mergi from being

prosecuted. In 1841 Montauran was seen on rue du Montparnasse, where

he assisted at the funeral of the elder Hulot. [The Chouans. The Seamy

Side of History. Cousin Betty.]

MONTBAURON (Marquise de), Raphael de Valentin's aunt, died on the

scaffold during the Revolution. [The Magic Skin.]

MONTCORNET (Marechal, Comte de), Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor,

Commander of Saint-Louis, born in 1774, son of a cabinet-maker in the

Faubourg Saint-Antoine, "child of Paris," mingled in almost all of the

wars in the latter part of the eighteenth and beginning of the

nineteenth centuries. He commanded in Spain and in Pomerania, and was

colonel of cuirassiers in the Imperial Guard. He took the place of his

friend, Martial de la Roche-Hugon in the affections of Madame de

Vaudremont. The Comte de Montcornet was in intimate relations with

Madame or Mademoiselle Fortin, mother of Valerie Crevel. Towards 1815,

Montcornet bought, for about a hundred thousand francs, the Aigues,

Sophie Laguerre's old estate, situated between Conches and Blangy,

near Soulanges and Ville-aux-Fayes. The Restoration allured him. He

wished to have his origin overlooked, to gain position under the new

regime, to efface all memory of the expressive nick-name received from

the Bourgogne peasantry, who called him the "Upholsterer." In the

early part of 1819 he married Virginie de Troisville. His property,

increased by an income of sixty thousand francs, allowed him to live

in state. In winter he occupied his beautiful Parisian mansion on rue

Neuve-des-Mathurins, now called rue des Mathurins, and visited many

places, especially the homes of Raoul Nathan and of Esther Gobseck.

During the summer the count, then mayor of Blangy, lived at Aigues.

His unpopularity and the hatred of the Gaubertins, Rigous, Sibilets,

Soudrys, Tonsards, and Fourchons rendered his sojourn there

unbearable, and he decided to dispose of the estate. Montcornet,

although of violent disposition and weak character, could not avoid

being a subordinate in his own family. The monarchy of 1830

overwhelmed Montcornet, then lieutenant-general unattached, with

gifts, and gave a division of the army into his command. The count,

now become marshal, was a frequent visitor at the Vaudeville.[*]

Montcornet died in 1837. He never acknowledged his daughter, Valerie

Crevel, and left her nothing. He is probably buried in Pere-Lachaise

cemetery, where a monument was to be raised for him under W.

Steinbock's supervision. Marechal de Montcornet's motto was: "Sound

the Charge." [Domestic Peace. Lost Illusions. A Distinguished

Provincial at Paris. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. The Peasantry. A

Man of Business. Cousin Betty.]

[*] A Parisian theatre, situated until 1838 on rue de Chartres. Rue de

Chartres, which also disappeared, although later, was located

between the Palais-Royal square and the Place du Carrousel.

MONTCORNET (Comtesse de.) (See Blondet, Madame Emile.)

MONTEFIORE, Italian of the celebrated Milanese family of Montefiore,

commissary in the Sixth of the line under the Empire; one of the

finest fellows in the army; marquis, but unable under the laws of the

kingdom of Italy to use his title. Thrown by his disposition into the

"mould of the Rizzios," he barely escaped being assassinated in 1808

in the city of Tarragone by La Marana, who surprised him in company

with her daughter, Juana-Pepita-Maria de Mancini, afterwards Francois

Diard's wife. Later, Montefiore himself married a celebrated

Englishwoman. In 1823 he was killed and plundered in a deserted alley

in Bordeaux by Diard, who found him, after being away many years, in a

gambling-house at a watering-place. [The Maranas.]

MONTES DE MONTEJANOS (Baron), a rich Brazilian of wild and primitive

disposition; towards 1840, when very young, was one of the first

lovers of Valerie Fortin, who became in turn Madame Marneffe and

Madame Celestin Crevel. He saw her again at the Faubourg Saint-Germain

and at the Place or Pate des Italiens, and had occasion for being

envious of Hector Hulot, W. Steinbock and still others. He had revenge

on his mistress by communicating to her a mysterious disease from

which she died in the same manner as Celestin Crevel. [Cousin Betty.]

MONTPERSAN (Comte de), nephew of a canon of Saint-Denis, upon whom he

called frequently; an aspiring rustic, grown sour on account of

disappointment and deceit; married, and head of a family. At the

beginning of the Restoration he owned the Chateau de Montpersan, eight

leagues from Moulins in Allier, where he lived. In 1819 he received a

call from a young stranger who came to inform him of the death of

Madame de Montpersan's lover. [The Message.]

MONTPERSAN (Comtesse Juliette de), wife of the preceding, born about

1781, lived at Montpersan with her family, and while there learned

from her lover's fellow-traveler of the former's death as a result of

an overturned carriage. The countess rewarded the messenger of

misfortune in a delicate manner. [The Message.]

MONTPERSAN (Mademoiselle de), daughter of the preceding couple, was

but a child when the sorrowful news arrived which caused her mother to

leave the table. The child, thinking only of the comical side of

affairs, remarked upon her father's gluttony, suggesting that the

countess' abrupt departure had allowed him to break the rules of diet

imposed by her presence. [The Message.]

MONTRIVEAU (General Marquis de), father of Armand de Montriveau.

Although a knighted chevalier, he continued to hold fast to the

exalted manners of Bourgogne, and scorned the opportunities which rank

and wealth had offered in his birth. Being an encyclopaedist and "one

of those already mentioned who served the Republic nobly," Montriveau

was killed at Novi near Joubert's side. [The Thirteen.]

MONTRIVEAU (Comte de), paternal uncle of Armand de Montriveau.

Corpulent, and fond of oysters. Unlike his brother he emigrated, and

in his exile met with a cordial reception by the Dulmen branch of the

Rivaudoults of Arschoot, a family with which he had some relationship.

He died at St. Petersburg. [The Thirteen.]

MONTRIVEAU (General Marquis Armand de), nephew of the preceding and

only son of General de Montriveau. As a penniless orphan he was

entered by Bonaparte in the school of Chalons. He went into the

artillery service, and took part in the last campaigns of the Empire,

among others that in Russia. At the battle of Waterloo he received

many serious wounds, being then a colonel in the Guard. Montriveau

passed the first three years of the Restoration far away from Europe.

He wished to explore the upper sections of Egypt and Central Africa.

After being made a slave by savages he escaped from their hands by a

bold ruse and returned to Paris, where he lived on rue de Seine near

the Chamber of Peers. Despite his poverty and lack of ambition and

influential friends, he was soon promoted to a general's position. His

association with The Thirteen, a powerful and secret band of men, who

counted among their members Ronquerolles, Marsay and Bourignard,

probably brought him this unsolicited favor. This same freemasonry

aided Montriveau in his desire to have revenge on Antoinette de

Langeais for her delicate flirtation; also later, when still feeling

for her the same passion, he seized her body from the Spanish

Carmelites. About the same time the general met, at Madame de

Beauseant's, Rastignac, just come to Paris, and told him about

Anastasie de Restaud. Towards the end of 1821, the general met

Mesdames d'Espard and de Bargeton, who were spending the evening at

the Opera. Montriveau was the living picture of Kleber, and in a kind

of tragic way became a widower by Antoinette de Langeais. Having

become celebrated for a long journey fraught with adventures, he was

the social lion at the time he ran across a companion of his Egyptian

travels, Sixte du Chatelet. Before a select audience of artists and

noblemen, gathered during the first years of the reign of Louis

Philippe at the home of Mademoiselle des Touches, he told how he had

unwittingly been responsible for the vengeance taken by the husband of

a certain Rosina, during the time of the Imperial wars. Montriveau,

now admitted to the peerage, was in command of a department. At this

time, having become unfaithful to the memory of Antoinette de

Langeais, he became enamored of Madame Rogron, born Bathilde de

Chargeboeuf, who hoped soon to bring about their marriage. In 1839, in

company with M. de Ronquerolles, he beame second to the Duc de

Rhetore, elder brother of Louise de Chaulieu, in his duel with

Dorlange-Sallenauve, brought about because of Marie Gaston. [The

Thirteen. Father Goriot. Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial at

Paris. Another Study of Woman. Pierrette. The Member for Arcis.]

MORAND, formerly a clerk in Barbet's publishing-house, in 1838 became

a partner; along with Metivier tried to take advantage of Baron de

Bourlac, author of "The Spirit of Modern Law." [The Seamy Side of

History.]

MOREAU, born in 1772, son of a follower of Danton, procureur-syndic at

Versailles during the Revolution; was Madame Clapart's devoted lover,

and remained faithful almost all the rest of his life. After a very

adventurous life Moreau, about 1805, became manager of the Presles

estate, situated in the valley of the Oise, which was the property of

the Comte de Serizy. He married Estelle, maid of Leontine de Serizy,

and had by her three children. After serving as manager of the estate

for seventeen years, he gave up his position, when his dishonest

dealings with Leger were exposed by Reybert, and retired a wealthy

man. A silly deed of his godson, Oscar Husson, was, more than anything

else, the cause of his dismissal from his position at Presles. Moreau

attained a lofty position under Louis Philippe, having grown wealthy

through real-estate, and became the father-in-law of Constant-Cyr-

Melchior de Canalis. At last he became a prominent deputy of the

Centre under the name of Moreau of the Oise. [A Start in Life.]

MOREAU (Madame Estelle), fair-skinned wife of the preceding, born of

lowly origin at Saint-Lo, became maid to Leontine de Serizy. Her

fortune made, she became overbearing and received Oscar Husson, son of

Madame Clapart by her first husband, with unconcealed coldness. She

bought the flowers for her coiffure from Nattier, and, wearing some of

them, she was seen, in the autumn of 1822, by Joseph Bridau and Leon

de Lora, who had just arrived from Paris to do some decorating in the

chateau at Serizy. [A Start in Life.]

MOREAU (Jacques), eldest of the preceding couple's three children, was

the agent between his mother and Oscar Husson at Presles. [A Start in

Life.]

MOREAU, the best upholsterer in Alencon, rue de la Porte-de-Seez, near

the church; in 1816 furnished Madame du Bousquier, then Mademoiselle

Rose Cormon, the articles of furniture made necessary by M. de

Troisville's unlooked-for arrival at her home on his return from

Russia. [Jealousies of a Country Town.]

MOREAU, an aged workman at Dauphine, uncle of little Jacques Colas,

lived, during the Restoration, in poverty and resignation, with his

wife, in the village near Grenoble--a place which was completely

changed by Doctor Benassis. [The Country Doctor.]

MOREAU-MALVIN, "a prominent butcher," died about 1820. His beautiful

tomb of white marble ornaments rue du Marechal-Lefebvre at Pere-

Lachaise, near the burial-place of Madame Jules Desmarets and

Mademoiselle Raucourt of the Comedie-Francaise. [The Thirteen.]

MORILLON (Pere), a priest, who had charge, for some time under the

Empire, of Gabriel Claes' early education. [The Quest of the

Absolute.]

MORIN (La), a very poor old woman who reared La Fosseuse, an orphan,

in a kindly manner in a market-town near Grenoble, but who gave her

some raps on the fingers with her spoon when the child was too quick

in taking soup from the common porringer. La Morin tilled the soil

like a man, and murmured frequently at the miserable pallet on which

she and La Fosseuse slept. [The Country Doctor.]

MORIN (Jeanne-Marie-Victoire Tarin, veuve), accused of trying to

obtain money by forging signatures to promissory-notes, also of the

attempted assassination of Sieur Ragoulleau; condemned by the Court of

Assizes at Paris on January 11, 1812, to twenty years hard labor. The

elder Poiret, a man who never thought independently, was a witness for

the defence, and often thought of the trial. The widow Morin, born at

Pont-sur-Seine, Aube, was a fellow-countrywoman of Poiret, who was

born at Troyes. [Father Goriot.] Many extracts have been taken from

the items published about this criminal case.

MORISSON, an inventor of purgative pills, which were imitated by

Doctor Poulain, physician to Pons and the Cibots, when, as a beginner,

he wished to make his fortune rapidly. [Cousin Pons.]

MORTSAUF (Comte de), head of a Touraine family, which owed to an

ancestor of Louis XI.'s reign--a man who had escaped the gibbet--its

fortune, coat-of-arms and position. The count was the incarnation of

the "refugee." Exiled, either willingly or unwillingly, his banishment

made him weak of mind and body. He married Blanche-Henriette de

Lenoncourt, by whom he had two children, Jacques and Madeleine. On the

accession of the Bourbons he was breveted field-marshal, but did not

leave Clochegourde, a castle brought to him in his wife's dowry and

situated on the banks of the Indre and the Cher. [The Lily of the

Valley.]

MORTSAUF (Comtesse de),[*] wife of the preceding; born Blanche-

Henriette de Lenoncourt, of the "house of Lenoncourt-Givry, fast

becoming extinct," towards the first years of the Restoration; was

born after the death of three brothers, and thus had a sorrowful

childhood and youth; found a good foster-mother in her aunt, a

Blamont-Chauvry; and when married found her chief pleasure in the care

of her children. This feeling gave her the power to repress the love

which she felt for Felix de Vandenesse, but the effort which this hard

struggle caused her brought on a severe stomach disease of which she

died in 1820. [The Lily of the Valley.]

[*] Beauplan and Barriere presented a play at the Comedie-Francaise,

having for a heroine Madame de Mortsauf, June 14, 1853.

MORTSAUF (Jacques de), elder child of the preceding couple, pupil of

Dominis, most delicate member of the family, died prematurely. With

his death the line of Lenoncourt-Givrys proper passed away, for he

would have been their heir. [The Lily of the Valley.]

MORTSAUF (Madeleine de), sister of the preceding; after her mother's

death she would not receive Felix de Vandenesse, who had been Madame

de Mortsauf's lover. She became in time Duchesse de Lenoncourt-Givry

(see that name). [The Lily of the Valley.]

MOUCHE, born in 1811, illegitimate son of one of Fourchon's natural

daughters and a soldier who died in Russia; was given a home, when an

orphan, by his maternal grandfather, whom he aided sometimes as

ropemaker's apprentice. About 1823, in the district of Ville-aux-

Fayes, Bourgogne, he profited by the credulity of the strangers whom

he was supposed to teach the art of hunting otter. Mouche's attitude

and conversation, as he came in the autumn of 1823 to the Aigues,

scandalized the Montcornets and their guests. [The Peasantry.]

MOUCHON, eldest of three brothers who lived in 1793 in the Bourgogne

valley of Avonne or Aigues; managed the estate of Ronquerolles; became

deputy of his division to the Convention; had a reputation for

uprightness; preserved the property and the life of the Ronquerolles;

died in the year 1804, leaving two daughters, Mesdames Gendrin and

Gaubertin. [The Peasantry.]

MOUCHON, brother of the preceding, had charge of the relay post-house

at Conches, Bourgogne; had a daughter who married the wealthy farmer

Guerbet; died in 1817. [The Peasantry.]

MOUGIN, born about 1805 in Toulouse, fifth of the Parisian hair-

dressers who, under the name of Marius, successively owned the same

business. In 1845, a wealthy married man of family, captain in the

Guard and decorated after 1832, an elector and eligible to office, he

had established himself on the Place de la Bourse as capillary artist

emeritus, where his praises were sung by Bixiou and Lora to the

wondering Gazonal. [The Unconscious Humorists.]

MOUILLERON, king's attorney at Issoudun in 1822, cousin to every

person in the city during the quarrels between the Rouget and Bridau

families. [A Bachelor's Establishment.]

MURAT (Joachim, Prince). In October, 1800, on the day in which

Bartolomeo de Piombo was presented by Lucien Bonaparte, he was, with

Lannes and Rapp, in the rooms of Bonaparte, the First Consul. He

became Grand Duke of Berg in 1806, the time of the well-known quarrel

between the Simeuses and Malin de Gondreville. Murat came to the

rescue of Colonel Chabert's cavalry regiment at the battle of Eylau,

February 7 and 8, 1807. "Oriental in tastes," he exhibited, even

before acceding to the throne of Naples in 1808, a foolish love of

luxury for a modern soldier. Twenty years later, during a village

celebration in Dauphine, Benassis and Genestas listened to the story

of Bonaparte, as told by a veteran, then became a laborer, who mingled

with his narrative a number of entertaining stories of the bold Murat.

[The Vendetta. The Gondreville Mystery. Colonel Chabert. Domestic

Peace. The Country Doctor.]

MURET gave information about Jean-Joachim Goriot, his predecessor in

the manufacture of "pates alimentaires." [Father Goriot.]

MUSSON, well-known hoaxer in the early part of the nineteenth century.

The policeman, Peyrade, imitated his craftiness in manner and disguise

twenty years later, while acting as an English nabob keeping Suzanne

Gaillard. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

NANON, called Nanon the Great from her height (6 ft. 4 in.); born

about 1769. First she tended cows on a farm that she was forced to

leave after a fire; turned away on every side, because of her

appearance, which was repulsive, she became, about 1791, at the age of

twenty-two, a member of Felix Grandet's household at Saumur, where she

remained the rest of her life. She always showed gratitude to her

master for having taken her in. Brave, devoted and serious-minded, the

only servant of the miser, she received as wages for very hard service

only sixty francs a year. However, the accumulations of even so paltry

an income allowed her, in 1819, to make a life investment of four

thousand francs with Monsieur Cruchot. Nanon had also an annuity of

twelve hundred francs from Madame de Bonfons, lived near the daughter

of her former master, who was dead, and, about 1827, being almost

sixty years of age, married Antoine Cornoiller. With her husband, she

continued her work of devoted service to Eugenie de Bonfons. [Eugenie

Grandet.]

NAPOLITAS, in 1830, secretary of Bibi-Lupin, chief of the secret

police. Prison spy at the Conciergerie, he played the part of a son in

a family accused of forgery, in order to observe closely Jacques

Collin, who pretended to be Carlos Herrera. [Scenes from a Courtesan's

Life.]

NARZICOF (Princess), a Russian; had left to the merchant Fritot,

according to his own account, as payment for supplies, the carriage in

which Mistress Noswell, wrapped in the shawl called Selim, returned to

the Hotel Lawson. [Gaudissart II.]

NATHAN (Raoul), son of a Jew pawn-broker, who died in bankruptcy a

short while after marrying a Catholic, was for twenty-five years

(1820-45) one of the best known writers in Paris. Raoul Nathan touched

upon many branches: the journal, romance, poetry and the stage. In

1821, Dauriat published for him an imaginative work which Lucien de

Rubempre alternately praised and criticized. The harsh criticism was

meant for the publisher only. Nathan then put on the stage the "Alcade

dans l'Embarras"--a comedie called an "imbroglio" and presented at the

Panorama-Dramatique. He signed himself simply "Raoul"; he had as

collaborator Cursy--M. du Bruel. The play was a distinct success.

About the same time, he supplanted Lousteau, lover of Florine, one of

his leading actresses. About this time also Raoul was on terms of

intimacy with Emile Blondet, who wrote him a letter dated from Aigues

(Bourgogne) in which he described the Montcornets, and related their

local difficulties. Raoul Nathan, a member of all the giddy and

dissipated social circles, was with Giroudeau, Finot and Bixiou, a

witness of Philip Bridau's wedding to Madame J.-J. Rouget. He visited

Florentine Cabirolle, when the Marests and Oscar Husson were there,

and appeared often on the rue Saint-Georges, at the home of Esther van

Gobseck, who was already much visited by Blondet, Bixiou and Lousteau.

Raoul, at this time, was much occupied with the press, and made a

great parade of Royalism. The accession of Louis Philippe did not

diminish the extended circle of his relations. The Marquise d'Espard

received him. It was at her house that he heard evil reports of Diane

de Cadignan, greatly to the dissatisfaction of Daniel d'Arthez, also

present. Marie de Vandenesse, just married, noticed Nathan, who was

handsome by reason of an artistic, uncouth ugliness, and elegant

irregularity of features, and Raoul resolved to make the most of the

situation. Although turned Republican, he took very readily to the

idea of winning a lady of the aristocracy. The conquest of Madame the

Comtesse de Vandenesse would have revenged him for the contempt shown

him by Lady Dudley, but, fallen into the hands of usurers, fascinated

with Florine, living in pitiable style in a passage between the rue

Basse-du-Rempart and the rue Neuve-des-Mathurins, and being often

detained on the rue Feydau, in the offices of a paper he had founded,

Raoul failed in his scheme in connection with the countess, whom

Vandenesse even succeeded in restoring to his own affections, by very

skilful play with Florine. During the first years of Louis Philippe's

reign, Nathan presented a flaming and brilliant drama, the two

collaborators in which were Monsieur and Madame Marie Gaston, whose

names were indicated on the hand-bills by stars only. In his younger

days he had had a play of his put on at the Odeon, a romantic work

after the style of "Pinto,"[*] at a time when the classic was

dominant, and the stage had been so greatly stirred up for three days

that the play was prohibited. At another time he presented at the

Theatre-Francais a great drama that fell "with all the honors of war,

amid the roar of newspaper cannon." In the winter of 1837-38, Vanda de

Mergi read a new romance of Nathan's, entitled "La Perle de Dol." The

memory of his social intrigues still haunted Nathan when he returned

so reluctantly to M. de Clagny, who demanded it of him, a printed

note, announcing the birth of Melchior de la Baudraye, as follows:

"Madame la Baronne de la Baudraye is happily delivered of a child; M.

Etienne Lousteau has the honor of announcing it to you." Nathan sought

the society of Madame de la Baudraye, who got from him, in the rue de

Chartres-du-Roule, at the home of Beatrix de Rochefide, a certain

story, to be arranged as a novel, related more or less after the style

of Sainte-Beuve, concerning the Bohemians and their prince, Rusticoli

de la Palferine. Raoul cultivated likewise the society of the Marquise

de Rochefide, and, one evening of October, 1840, a proscenium box at

the Varietes was the means of bringing together Canalis, Nathan and

Beatrix. Received everywhere, perfectly at home in Marguerite

Turquet's boudoir, Raoul, as a member of a group composed of Bixiou,

La Palferine and Maitre Cardot, heard Maitre Desroches tell how

Cerizet made use of Antonia Chocardelle, to "get even" with Maxime de

Trailles. Nathan afterwards married his misress, Florine, whose maiden

name was really Sophie Grignault. [Lost Illusions. A Distinguished

Provincial at Paris. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. The Secrets of a

Princess. A Daughter of Eve. Letters of Two Brides. The Seamy Side of

History. The Muse of the Department. A Prince of Bohemia. A Man of

Business, The Unconscious Humorists.]

[*] A drama by Nepomucene Lemercier; according to Labitte, "the first

work of the renovated stage."

NATHAN,[*] (Madame Raoul), wife of the preceding, born Sophie

Grignault, in 1805, in Bretagne. She was a perfect beauty, her foot

alone left something to be desired. When very young she tried the

double career of pleasure and the stage under the now famous name of

Florine. The details of her early life are rather obscure: Madame

Nathan, as supernumerary of the Gaite, had six lovers, before choosing

Etienne Lousteau in that relation in 1821. She was at that time

closely connected with Florentine Cabirolle, Claudine Chaffaroux,

Coralie and Marie Godeschal. She had also a supporter in Matifat, the

druggist, and lodged on the rue de Bondy, where, after a brilliant

success at the Panorama-Dramatique, with Coralie and Bouffe, she

received in maginficent style the diplomatists, Lucien de Rubempre,

Camusot and others. Florine soon made an advantageous change in lover,

home, theatre and protector; Nathan, whom she afterwards married,

supplanted Lousteau about the middle of Louis Philippe's reign. Her

home was on rue Hauteville intead of rue de Bondy; and she had moved

from the stage of the Panorama to that of the Gymnase. Having made an

engagement at the theatre of the Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle, she met

there her old rival, Coralie, against whom she organized a cabal; she

was distinguished for the brilliancy of her costumes, and brought into

her train of followers successively the opulent Dudley, Desire

Minoret, M. des Grassins, the banker of Saumur, and M. du Rouvre; she

even ruined the last two. Florine's fortune rose during the monarchy

of July. Her association with Nathan subserved, moreover, their mutual

interests; the poet won respect for the actress, who knew moreover how

to make herself formidable by her spirit of intrigue and the tartness

of her sallies of wit. Who did not know her mansion on the rue

Pigalle? Indeed, Madame Nathan was an intimate acquaintance of

Coralie, Esther la Torpille, Claudine du Bruel, Euphrasie, Aquilina,

Madame Theodore Gaillard, and Marie Godeschal; entertained Emile

Blondet, Andoche Finot, Etienne Lousteau, Felicien Vernou, Couture,

Bixiou, Rastignac, Vignon, F. du Tillet, Nucingen, and Conti. Her

apartments were embellished with the works of Bixiou, F. Souchet,

Joseph Bridau, and H. Schinner. Madame de Vandenesse, being somewhat

enamored of Nathan, would have destroyed these joys and this splendor,

without heeding the devotion of the writer's mistress, on the one

hand, or the interference of Vandenesse on the other. Florine, having

entirely won back Nathan, made no delay in marrying him. [The Muse of

the Department. Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris.

Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. The Government Clerks. A Bachelor's

Establishment. Ursule Mirouet. Eugenie Grandet. The Imaginary

Mistress. A Prince of Bohemia. A Daughter of Eve. The Unconscious

Humorists.]

[*] On the stage of the Boulevard du Temple Madame Nathan (Florine)

henceforth made a salary of eight thousand francs.

NAVARREINS (Duc de), born about 1767, son-in-law of the Prince de

Cadignan, through his first marriage; father of Antoinette de

Langeais, kinsman of Madame d'Espard, and cousin of Valentin; accused

of "haughtiness." He was patron of M. du Bruel--Cursy--on his entrance

into the government service; had a lawsuit against the hospitals,

which he entrusted to the care of Maitre Derville. He had Polydore de

la Baudraye dignified to the appointment of collector, in

consideration of his having released him from a debt contracted during

the emigration; held a family council with the Grandlieus and

Chaulieus when his daughter compromised her reputation by accepting an

invitation to the house of Montriveau; was the patron of Victurnien

d'Esgrignon; owned near Ville-aux-Fayes, in the sub-prefecture of

Auxerrois, extensive estates, which were respected by Montcornet's

enemies, the Gaubertins, the Rigous, the Soudrys, the Fourchons, and

the Tonsards; accompanied Madame d'Espard to the Opera ball, when

Jacques Collin and Lucien de Rubempre mystified the marchioness; for

five hundred thousand francs sold to the Graslins his estates and his

Montegnac forest, near Limoges; was an acquaintance of Foedora through

Valentin; was a visitor of the Princesse de Cadignan, after the death

of their common father-in-law, of whom he had little to make boast,

especially in matters of finance. The Duc de Navarrein's mansion at

Paris was on the rue du Bac. [A Bachelor's Establishment. The

Thirteen. Jealousies of a Country Town. The Peasantry. Scenes from a

Courtesan's Life. The Country Parson. The Magic Skin. The Gondreville

Mystery. The Secrets of a Princess. Cousin Betty.]

NEGREPELISSE (De), a family dating back to the Crusades, already

famous in the times of Saint-Louis, the name of the younger branch of

the "renowned family" of Espard, borne during the restoration in

Angoumois, by M. de Bargeton's father-in-law, M. de Negrepelisse, an

imposing looking old country gentleman, and one of the last

representatives of the old French nobility, mayor of Escarbes, peer of

France, and commander of the Order of Saint-Louis. Negrepelisse

survived by several years his son-in-law, whom he took under his roof

when Anais de Bargeton went to Paris in the summer of 1821. [The

Commission in Lunacy. Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial at

Paris.]

NEGREPELISSE (Comte Clement de), born in 1812; cousin of the

preceding, who left him his title. He was the elder of the two

legitimate sons of the Marquis d'Espard. He studied at College Henri

IV., and lived in Paris, under their father's roof, on the rue de la

Montagne-Sainte-Genevieve. The Comte de Negrepelisse seldom visited

his mother, the Marquise d'Espard, who lived apart from her family in

the Faubourg Saint-Honore. [The Commission in Lunacy.]

NEGRO (Marquis di), a Genoese noble, "Knight Hospitaller endowed with

all known talents," was a visitor, in 1836, of the consul-general of

France, at Genoa, when Maurice de l'Hostal gave before Damaso Pareto,

Claude Vignon, Leon de Lora, and Felicite des Touches, a full account

of the separation, the reconciliation, and, in short, the whole

history of Octave de Bauvan and his wife. [Honorine.]

NEPOMUCENE, a foundling; servant-boy of Madame Vauthier, manager and

door-keeper of the house on the Boulevard Montparnasse, which was

occupied by the families of Bourlac and Mergi. Nepomucene usually wore

a ragged blouse and, instead of shoes, gaiters or wooden clogs. To his

work with Madame Vauthier was added daily work in the wood-yards of

the vicinity, and, on Sundays and Mondays, during the summer, he

worked also with the wine-merchants at the barrier. [The Seamy Side of

History.]

NERAUD, a physician at Provins during the Restoration. He ruined his

wife, who was the widow of a grocer named Auffray, and who had married

him for love. He survived her. Being a man of doubtful character and a

rival of Dr. Martener, Neraud attached himself to the party of Gouraud

and Vinet, who represented Liberal ideas; he failed to uphold

Pierrette Lorrain, the granddaughter of Auffray, against her

guardians, the Rogrons. [Pierrette.]

NERAUD (Madame), wife of the preceding. Married first to Auffray, the

grocer, who was sixty years old; she was only thirty-eight at the

beginning of her widowhood; she married Dr. Neraud almost immediately

after the death of her first husband. By her first marriage she had a

daughter, who was the wife of Major Lorrain, and the mother of

Pierrette. Madame Neraud died of grief, amid squalid surroundings, two

years after her second marriage. The Rogrons, descended from old

Auffray by his first marriage, had stripped her of almost all she had.

[Pierrette.]

NICOLAS. (See Montauran, Marquis de.)

NINETTE, born in 1832, "rat" at the Opera in Paris, was acquainted

with Leon de Lora and J.-J. Bixiou, who called Gazonal's attention to

her in 1845. [The Unconscious Humorists.]

NOLLAND (Abbe), the promising pupil of Abbe Roze. Concealed during the

Revolution at the house of M. de Negrepelisse, near Barbezieux, he had

in charge the education of Marie-Louise-Anais (afterwards Madame de

Bargeton), and taught her music, Italian and German. He died in 1802.

[Lost Illusions.]

NISERON, curate of Blangy (Bourgogne) before the Revolution;

predecessor of Abbe Brossette in this curacy; uncle of Jean-Francois

Niseron. He was led by a childish but innocent indiscretion on the

part of his great-niece, as well as by the influence of Dom Rigou, to

disinherit the Niserons in the interests of the Mesdemoiselles

Pichard, house-keepers in his family. [The Peasantry.]

NISERON (Jean-Francois), beadle, sacristan, chorister, bell-ringer,

and grave-digger of the parish of Blangy (Bourgogne), during the

Restoration; nephew and only heir of Niseron the cure; born in 1751.

He was delighted at the Revolution, was the ideal type of the

Republican, a sort of Michel Chrestien of the fields; treated with

cold disdain the Pichard family, who took from him the inheritance, to

which he alone had any right; lived a life of poverty and

sequestration; was none the less respected; was of Montcornet's party

represented by Brossette; their opponent, Gregoire Rigou, felt for him

both esteem and fear. Jean-Francois Niseron lost, one after another,

his wife and his two children, and had by his side, in his old days,

only Genevieve, natural daughter of his deceased son, Auguste. [The

Peasantry.]

NISERON (Auguste), son of the preceding; soldier of the Republic and

of the Empire; while an artilleryman in 1809, he seduced, at Zahara, a

young Montenegrin, Zena Kropoli, who died, at Vincennes, early in the

year 1810, leaving him an infant daughter. Thus he could not realize

his purpose of marrying her. He himself was killed, before Montereau,

during the year 1814, by the bursting of a shell. [The Peasantry.]

NISERON (Genevieve), natural daughter of the preceding and the

Montenegrin woman, Zena Kropoli; born in 1810, and named Genevieve

after a paternal aunt; an orphan from the age of four, she was reared

in Bourgogne by her grandfather, Jean-Francois Niseron. She had her

father's beauty and her mother's peculiarities. Her patronesses,

Madame Montcornet and Madame de Michaud, bestowed upon her the surname

Pechina, and, to guard her against Nicholas Tonsard's attentions,

placed her in a convent at Auxerre, where she might acquire skill in

sewing and forget Justin Michaud, whom she loved unconsciously. [The

Peasantry.]

NOEL, book-keeper for Jean-Jules Popinot of Paris, in 1828, at the

time that the judge questioned the Marquis d'Espard, whose wife tried

to deprive him of the right to manage his property. [The Commission in

Lunacy.]

NOSWELL (Mistress), a rich and eccentric Englishwoman, who was in

Paris at the Hotel Lawson about the middle of Louis Philippe's reign;

after much mental debate she bought of Fritot the shawl called Selim,

which he said at first it was "impossible" for him to sell.

[Gaudissart II.]

NOUASTRE (Baron de), a refugee of the purest noble blood. A ruined

man, he returned to Alencon in 1800, with his daughter, who was

twenty-two years of age, and found a home with the Marquis

d'Esgrignon, and died of grief two months later. Shortly afterwards

the marquis married the orphan daughter. [Jealousies of a Country

Town.]

NOURRISSON (Madame), was formerly, under the Empire, attached to the

service of the Prince d'Ysembourg in Paris. The sight of the

disorderly life of a "great lady" of the times decided Madame

Nourrisson's profession. She set up shop as a dealer in old clothes,

and was also known as mistress of various houses of shame. Intimate

relations with Jacqueline Collin, continued for more than twenty

years, made this two-fold business profitable. The two matrons

willingly exchanged, at times, names and business signs, resources and

profits. It was in the old clothes shop, on the rue Neuve-Saint-Marc,

that Frederic de Nucingen bargained for Esther van Gobseck. Towards

the end of Charles X.'s reign, one of Madame Nourrisson's

establishments, on rue Saint-Barbe, was managed by La Gonore; in the

time of Louis Philippe another--a secret affair--existed at the so-

called "Pate des Italiens"; Valerie Marneffe and Wenceslas Steinbock

were once caught there together. Madame Nourrisson, first of the name,

evidently continued to conduct her business on the rue Saint-Marc,

since, in 1845, she narrated the minutiae of it to Madame Mahuchet

before an audience composed of the well-known trio, Bixiou, Lora and

Gazonal, and related to them her own history, disclosing to them the

secrets of her own long past beginnings in life. [Scenes from a

Courtesan's Life. Cousin Betty. The Unconscious Humorists.]

NOUVION (Comte de), a noble refugee, who had returned in utter

poverty; chevalier of the Order of Saint-Louis; lived in Paris in

1828, subsisting on the delicately disguised charity of his friend,

the Marquis d'Espard, who made him superintendent of the publication,

at No. 22 rue de la Montagne-Sainte-Genevieve, of the "Picturesque

History of China," and offered him a share in the possible profits of

the work. [The Commission in Lunacy.]

NOVERRE, a celebrated dancer, born in Paris 1727; died in 1807; was

the rather unreliable customer of Chevrel the draper, father-in-law

and predecessor of Guillaume at the Cat and Racket. [At the Sign of

the Cat and Racket.]

NUCINGEN (Baron Frederic de), born, probably at Strasbourg, about

1767. At that place he was formerly clerk to M. d'Aldrigger, an

Alsatian banker. Of better judgment than his employer, he did not

believe in the success of the Emperor in 1815 and speculated very

skilfully on the battle of Waterloo. Nucingen now carried on business

alone, and on his own account, in Paris and elsewhere; he thus

prepared by degrees the famous house of the rue Saint-Lazare, and laid

the foundation of a fortune, which, under Louis Philippe, reached

almost eighteen million francs. At this period he married one of the

two daughters of a rich vermicelli-maker, Mademoiselle Delphine

Goriot, by whom he had a daughter, Augusta, eventually the wife of

Eugene de Rastignac. From the first years of the Restoration may be

dated the real brilliancy of his career, the result of a combination

with the Kellers, Ferdinand du Tillet, and Eugene de Rastignac in the

successful manipulation of schemes in connection with the Wortschin

mines, followed by opportune assignments and adroitly managed cases of

bankruptcy. These various combinations ruined the Ragons, the

Aiglemonts, the Aldriggers, and the Beaudenords. At this time, too,

Nucingen, though clamorously declaring himself an out-and-out

Bourbonist, turned a deaf ear to Cesar Birotteau's appeals for credit,

in spite of knowing of the latter's consistent Royalism. There was a

time in the baron's life when he seemed to change his nature; it was

when, after giving up his hired dancer, he madly entered upon an amour

with Esther van Gobseck, alarmed his physician, Horace Bianchon,

employed Corentin, Georges, Louchard, and Peyrade, and became

especially the prey of Jacques Collin. After Esther's suicide, in May,

1830, Nuncingen abandoned "Cythera," as Chardin des Lupeaulx had done

before, and became again a man of figures, and was overwhelmed with

favors: insignia, the peerage, and the cross of grand officer of the

Legion of Honor. Nucingen, being respected and esteemed, in spite of

his blunt ways and his German accent, was a patron of Beaudenord, and

a frequent guest of Cointet, the minister; he went everywhere, and, at

the mansion of Mademoiselle des Touches, heard Marsay give an account

of some of his old love-affairs; witnessed, before Daniel d'Arthez,

the calumniation of Diane de Cadignan by every one present in Madame

d'Espard's parlor; guided Maxime de Trailles between the hands, or,

rather, the clutches of Claparon-Cerizet; accepted the invitation of

Josepha Mirah to her reception on the rue Ville-l'Eveque. When

Wenceslas Steinbock married Hortense Hulot, Nucingen and Cottin de

Wissembourg were the bride's witnesses. Furthermore, their father,

Hector Hulot d'Ervy, borrowed of him more than a hundred thousand

francs. The Baron de Nucingen acted as sponsor to Polydore de la

Baudraye when he was admitted to the French peerage. As a friend of

Ferdinand du Tillet, he was admitted on most intimate terms to the

boudoir of Carabine, and he was seen there, one evening in 1845, along

with Jenny Cadine, Gazonal, Bixiou, Leon de Lora, Massol, Claude

Vignon, Trailles, F. du Bruel, Vauvinet, Marguerite Turquet, and the

Gaillards of the rue Menars. [The Firm of Nucingen. Father Goriot.

Pierrette. Cesar Birotteau. Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial

at Paris. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life. Another Study of Woman. The

Secrets of a Princess. A Man of Business. Cousin Betty. The Muse of

the Department. The Unconscious Humorists.]

NUCINGEN (Baronne Delphine de), wife of the preceding, born in 1792,

of fair complexion; the spoiled daughter of the opulent vermicelli-

maker, Jean-Joachim Goriot; on the side of her mother, who died young,

the granddaughter of a farmer. In the latter period of the Empire she

contracted, greatly to her taste, a marriage for money. Madame de

Nucingen formerly had as her lover Henri de Marsay, who finally

abandoned her most cruelly. Reduced, at the time of Louis XVIII., to

the society of the Chaussee-d'Antin, she was ambitious to be admitted

to the Faubourg Saint-Germain, a circle of which her elder sister,

Madame de Restaud, was a member. Eugene de Rastignac opened to her the

parlor of Madame de Beauseant, his cousin, rue de Greville, in 1819,

and, at about the same time, became her lover. Their liaison lasted

more than fifteen years. An apartment on the rue d'Artois, fitted up

by Jean-Joachim Goriot, sheltered their early love. Having entrusted

to Rastignac a certain sum for play at the Palais-Royal, the baroness

was able with the proceeds to free herself of a humiliating debt to

Marsay. Meanwhile she lost her father. The Nucingen carriage, without

an occupant, however, followed the hearse. [Father Goriot.] Madame de

Nucingen entertained a great deal on the rue Saint-Lazare. It was

there that Auguste de Maulincour saw Clemence Desmarets, and Adolphe

des Grassins met Charles Grandet. [The Thirteen. Eugenie Grandet.]

Cesar Birotteau, on coming to beg credit of Nucingen, as also did

Rodolphe Castanier, immediately after his forgery, found themselves

face to face with the baroness. [Cesar Birotteau. Melmoth Reconciled.]

At this period, Madame de Nucingen took the box at the Opera which

Antoinette de Langeais had occupied, believing undoubtedly, said

Madame d'Espard, that she would inherit her charms, wit and success.

[Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. The Commission

in Lunacy.] According to Diane de Cadignan, Delphine had a horrible

journey when she went to Naples by sea, of which she brought back a

most painful reminder. The baroness showed a haughty and scornful

indulgence when her husband became enamored of Esther van Gobseck.

[Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.] Forgetting her origin she dreamed of

seeing her daughter Augusta become Duchesse d'Herouville; but the

Herouvilles, knowing the muddy source of Nucingen's millions, declined

this alliance. [Modeste Mignon. The Firm of Nucingen.] Shortly after

the year 1830, the baroness was invited to the house of Felicite des

Touches, where she saw Marsay once more, and heard him give an account

of an old love-affair. [Another Study of woman.] Delphine aided Marie

de Vandenesse and Nathan to the extent of forty thousand francs during

the checkered course of their intrigues. She remembered indeed having

gone through similar experiences. [A Daughter of Eve.] About the

middle of the monarchy of July, Madame de Nucingen, as mother-in-law

of Eugene de Rastignac, visited Madame d'Espard and met Maxime de

Trailles and Ferdinand du Tillet in the Faubourg Saint-Germain. [The

Member for Arcis.]

NUEIL (De), proprietor of the domain of the Manervilles, which,

doubtless, descended to the younger son, Gaston. [The Deserted Woman.]

NUEIL (Madame de), wife of the preceding, survived her husband, and

her eldest son, became the dowager Comtesse de Nueil, and afterwards

owned the domain of Manerville, to which she withdrew in retirement.

She was the type of the scheming mother, careful and correct, but

worldly. She matched off Gaston, and was thereby involuntarily the

cause of his death. [The Deserted Woman.]

NUEIL (De), eldest son of the preceding, died of consumption in the

reign of Louis XVIII., leaving the title of Comte de Nueil to his

younger brother, Baron Gaston. [The Deserted Woman.]

NUEIL (Gaston de), son of the Nueils and brother of the preceding,

born about 1799, of good extraction and with fortune suitable to his

rank. He went, in 1822, to Bayeux, where he had family connections, in

order to recuperate from the wearing fatigues of Parisian life; had an

opportunity to force open the closed door of Claire de Beauseant, who

had been living in retirement in that vicinity ever since the marriage

of Miguel d'Ajuda-Pinto to Berthe de Rochefide; he fell in love with

her, his love was reciprocated, and for nearly ten years he lived with

her as her husband in Normandie and Switzerland. Albert Savarus, in

his autobiographical novel, "L'Ambitieux par Amour," made a vague

reference to them as living together on the shore of Lake Geneva.

After the Revolution of 1830, Gaston de Nueil, already rich from his

Norman estates that afforded an income of eighteen thousand francs,

married Mademoiselle Stephanie de la Rodiere. Wearying of the marriage

tie, he wished to renew his former relations with Madame de Beauseant.

Exasperated by the haughty repulse at the hands of his former

mistress, Nueil killed himself. [The Deserted Woman. Albert Savarus.]

NUEIL (Madame Gaston de), born Stephanie de la Rodiere, about 1812, a

very insignificant character, married, at the beginning of Louis

Philippe's reign, Gaston de Nueil, to whom she brought an income of

forty thousand francs a year. She was enceinte after the first month

of her marriage. Having become Countess de Nueil, by succession, upon

the death of her brother-in-law, and being deserted by Gaston, she

continued to live in Normandie. Madame Gaston de Nueil survived her

husband. [The Deserted Woman.]

O'FLAHARTY (Major), maternal uncle of Raphael de Valentin, to whom he

bequeathed ten millions upon his death in Calcutta, August, 1828. [The

Magic Skin.]

OIGNARD, in 1806 was chief clerk to Maitre Bordin, a Parisian lawyer.

[A Start in Life.]

OLGA, daughter of the Topinards, born in 1840. She was not a

legitimate child, as her parents were not married at the time when

Schmucke saw her with them in 1846. He loved her for the beauty of her

light Teutonic hair. [Cousin Pons.]

OLIVET, an Angouleme lawyer, succeeded by Petit-Claude. [Lost

Illusions.]

OLIVIER was in the service of the policeman, Corentin and Peyrade,

when they found the Hauteserres and the Simeuses with the Cinq-Cygne

family in 1803. [The Gondreville Mystery.]

OLIVIER (Monsieur and Madame), first in the employ of Charles X. as

outrider and laundress; had charge of three children, of whom the

eldest became an under notary's clerk; were finally, under Louis

Philippe, servants of the Marneffes and of Mademoiselle Fischer, to

whom, through craftiness or gratitude, they devoted themselves

exclusively. [Cousin Betty.]

ORFANO (Duc d'), title of Marechal Cottin.

ORGEMONT (D'), wealthy and avaricious banker, proprietor at Fougeres,

bought the Abbaye de Juvigny's estate. He remained neutral during the

Chouan insurrection of 1799 and came into contact with Coupiau,

Galope-Chopine, and Mesdames du Gua-Saint-Cyr and de Montauran. [The

Chouans.]

ORGEMONT (D'), brother of the preceding, a Breton priest who took the

oath of allegiance. He died in 1795 and was buried in a secluded spot,

discovered and preserved by M. d'Orgemont, the banker, as a place of

hiding from the fury of the Vendeans. [The Chouans.]

ORIGET, famous Tours physician; known to the Mortsaufs, chatelains of

Clochegourde. [The Lily of the Valley.]

ORSONVAL (Madame d'), frequently visited the Cruchot and Grandet

families at Saumur. [Eugenie Grandet.]

OSSIAN, valet in the service of Mougin, the well-known hair-dresser on

the Place de la Bourse, in 1845. Ossian's duty was to show the patrons

out, and in this capacity he attended Bixiou, Lora and Gazonal. [The

Unconscious Humorists.]

OTTOBONI, an Italian conspirator who hid in Paris. In 1831, on dining

at the Giardinis on rue Froidmanteau, he became acquainted with the

Gambaras. [Gambara.]

PACCARD, released convict, in Jacques Collin's clutches, well known as

a thief and drunkard. He was Prudence Servien's lover, and both were

employed by Esther van Gobseck at the same time, Paccard being a

footman; lived with a carriage-maker on rue de Provence, in 1829.

After stealing seven hundred and fifty thousand francs, which had been

left by Esther van Gobseck, he was obliged to give up seven hundred

and thirty thousand of them. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

PACCARD (Mademoiselle), sister of the preceding, in the power of

Jacqueline Collin. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

PALMA, Parisian banker of the Poissoniere suburbs; had, during the

regime of the Restoration and of July, great fame as a financier. He

was "private counsel for the Keller establishment." Birotteau, the

perfumer, at the time of his financial troubles, vainly asked him for

help. [The Firm of Nucingen. Cesar Birotteau.] With Werbrust as a

partner he dealt in discounts as shrewdly as did Gobseck and Bidault,

and thus was in a position to help Lucien de Rubempre. [Gobseck. Lost

Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris.] He was also M.

Werbrust's associate in the muslin, calico and oil-cloth establishment

at No. 5 rue du Sentier, when Maximilien was so friendly with the

Fontaines. [The Ball at Sceaux.]

PAMIERS (Vidame de), "oracle of Faubourg Saint-Germain at the time of

the Restoration," a member of the family council dealing with

Antoinette de Langeais, who was accused of compromising herself with

Montriveau. Past-commander of the Order of Malta, prominent in both

the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, old and confidential friend

of the Baronne de Maulincour. Pamiers reared the young Baron Auguste

de Maulincour, defending him with all his power against Bourignard's

hatred. [The Thirteen.] As a former intimate friend of the Marquis

d'Esgrignon, the vidame introduced the Vicomte d'Esgrignon--Victurnien

--to Diane de Maufrigneuse. An intimate friendship between the young

man and the future Princess de Cadignan was the result. [Jealousies of

a Country Town.]

PANNIER, merchant and banker after 1794; treasurer of the "brigands";

connected with the uprising of the Chauffeurs of Mortagne in 1809.

Having been condemned to twenty years of hard labor, Pannier was

branded and placed in the galleys. Appointed lieutenant-general under

Louis XVIII., he governed a royal castle. He died without children.

[The Seamy Side of History.]

PARADIS, born in 1830; Maxime de Trailles' servant-boy or "tiger";

quick and bold; made a tour, during the election period in the spring

of 1839, through the Arcis-sur-Aube district, with his master, meeting

Goulard, the sub-prefect, Poupart, the tavern-keeper, and the

Maufrigneuses and Mollots of Cinq-Cygne. [The Member for Arcis.]

PARQUOI (Francois), one of the Chouans, for whom Abbe Gudin held a

funeral mass in the heart of the forest, not far from Fougeres, in the

autumn of 1799. Francois Parquoi died, as did Nicolas Laferte, Joseph

Brouet and Sulpice Coupiau, of injuries received at the battle of La

Pelerine and at the siege of Fougeres. [The Chouans.]

PASCAL, porter of the Thuilliers in the Place de la Madeleine house;

acted also as beadle at La Madeleine church. [The Middle Classes.]

PASCAL (Abbe), chaplain at Limoges prison in 1829; gentle old man. He

tried vainly to obtain a confession from Jean-Francois Tascheron, who

had been imprisoned for robbery followed by murder. [The Country

Parson.]

PASTELOT, priest in 1845, in the Saint-Francois church in the Marais,

on the street now called rue Charlot; watched over the dead body of

Sylvain Pons. [Cousin Pons.]

PASTUREAU (Jean Francois), in 1829, owner of an estate in Isere, the

value of which was said to have been impaired by the passing by of

Doctor Benassis' patients. [The Country Doctor.]

PATRAT (Maitre), notary at Fougeres in 1799, an acquaintance of

D'Orgemont, the banker, and introduced to Marie de Verneuil by the old

miser. [The Chouans.]

PATRIOTE, a monkey, which Marie de Verneuil, its owner, had taught to

counterfeit Danton. The craftiness of this animal reminded Marie of

Corentin. [The Chouans.]

PAULINE, for a long time Julie d'Aiglemont's waiting-maid. [A Woman of

Thirty.]

PAULMIER, employed under the Restoration in the Ministry of Finance in

Isidore Baudoyer's bureau of Flamet de la Billardiere's division.

Paulmier was a bachelor, but quarreled continually with his married

colleague, Chazelles. [The Government Clerks.]

PAZ (Thaddee), Polish descendant of a distinguished Florentine family,

the Pazzi, one of whose members had become a refugee in Poland. Living

contemporaneously with his fellow-citizen and friend, the Comte Adam

Mitgislas Laginski, like him Thaddee Paz fought for his country, later

on following him into exile in Paris, during the reign of Louis

Philippe. Bearing up bravely in his poverty, he was willing to become

steward to the count, and he made an able manager of the Laginski

mansion. He gave up this position, when, having become enamored of

Clementine Laginska, he saw that he could no longer control his

passion by means of a pretended mistress, Marguerite Turquet, the

horsewoman. Paz (pronounced Pac), who had willingly assumed the title

of captain, had seen the Steinbocks married. His departure from France

was only feigned, and he once more saw the Comtesse Laginska, during

the winter of 1842. At Rusticoli he took her away from La Palferine,

who was on the point of carrying her away. [The Imaginary Mistress.

Cousin Betty.]

PECHINA (La), nick-name of Genevieve Niseron.

PEDEROTTI (Signor), father of Madame Maurice de l'Hostal. He was a

Genoa banker; gave his only daughter a dowry of a million; married her

to the French consul, and left her, on dying six months later in

January, 1831, a fortune made in grain and amounting to two millions.

Pederotti had been made count by the King of Sardinia, but, as he left

no male heir, the title became extinct. [Honorine.]

PELLETIER, one of Benassis' patients in Isere, who died in 1829, was

buried on the same day as the last "cretin," which had been kept on

account of popular superstition. Pelletier left a wife, who saw

Genestas, and several children, of whom the eldest, Jacques, was born

about 1807. [The Country Doctor.]

PEN-HOEL (Jacqueline de), of a very old Breton family, lived at

Guerande, where she was born about 1780. Sister-in-law of the

Kergarouets of Nantes, the patrons of Major Brigaut, who, despite the

displeasure of the people, did not themselves hesitate to assume the

name of Pen-Hoel. Jacqueline protected the daughters of her younger

sister, the Vicomtesse de Kergarouet. She was especially attracted to

her eldest niece, Charlotte, to whom she intended to give a dowry, as

she desired the girl to marry Calyste du Guenic, who was in love with

Felicite des Touches. [Beatrix.]

PEROUX (Abbe), brother of Madame Julliard; vicar of Provins during the

Restoration. [Pierrette.]

PERRACHE, small hunchback, shoemaker by trade, and, in 1840, porter in

a house belonging to Corentin on rue Honore-Chevalier, Paris. [The

Middle Classes.]

PERRACHE (Madame), wife of the preceding, often visited Madame

Cardinal, niece of Toupillier, one of Corentin's renters. [The Middle

Classes.]

PERRET, with his partner, Grosstete, preceded Pierre Graslin in a

banking-house at Limoges, in the early part of the nineteenth century.

[The Country Parson.]

PERRET (Madame), wife of the preceding, an old woman in 1829,

disturbed herself, as did every one in Limoges, over the assassination

committed by Jean-Francois Tascheron. [The Country Parson.]

PERROTET, in 1819, laborer on Felix Grandet's farm in the suburbs of

Saumur. [Eugenie Grandet.]

PETIT-CLAUD, son of a very poor tailor of L'Houmeau, a suburb of

Angouleme, where he pursued his studies in the town lyceum, becoming

acquainted at the same time with Lucien de Rubempre. He studied law at

Poitiers. On going back to the chief city of La Charente, he became

clerk to Maitre Olivet, an attorney whom he succeeded. Now began

Petit-Claud's period of revenge for the insults which his poverty and

homeliness had brought on. He met Cointet, the printer, and went into

his employ, although at the same time he feigned allegiance to the

younger Sechard, also a printer. This conduct paved the way for his

accession to the magistracy. He was in turn deputy and king's

procureur. Petit-Claud did not leave Angouleme, but made a profitable

marriage in 1822 with Mademoiselle Francoise de la Haye, natural

daughter of Francis du Hautoy and of Madame de Senonches. [Lost

Illusions.]

PETIT-CLAUD (Madame), wife of the preceding, natural daughter of

Francis du Hautoy and of Madame de Senonches; born Francoise de la

Haye, given into the keeping of old Madame Cointet; married through

the instrumentality of Madame Cointet's son, the printer, known as

Cointet the Great. Madame Petit-Claud, though insignificant and

forward, was provided with a very substantial dowry. [Lost Illusions.]

PEYRADE, born about 1758 in Provence, Comtat, in a large family of

poor people who eked out a scant subsistence on a small estate called

Canquoelle. Peyrade, paternal uncle of Theodose de la Peyrade, was of

noble birth, but kept the fact secret. He went from Avignon to Paris

in 1776, where he entered the police force two years later. Lenoir

thought well of him. Peyrade's success in life was impaired only by

his immoralities; otherwise it would have been much more brilliant and

lasting. He had a genius for spying, also much executive ability.

Fouche employed him and Corentin in connection with the affair of

Gondreville's imaginary abduction. A kind of police ministry was given

to him in Holland. Louis XVIII. counseled with him and gave him

employment, but Charles X. held aloof from this shrewd employe.

Peyrade lived in poverty on rue des Moineaux with an adored daughter,

Lydie, the child of La Beaumesnil of the Comedie-Francaise. Certain

events brought him into the notice of Nucingen, who employed him in

the search for Esther Gobseck, at the same time warning him against

the courtesan's followers. The police department, having been told of

this arrangement by the so-called Abbe Carlos Herrera, would not

permit him to enter into the employ of a private individual. Despite

the protection of his friend, Corentin, and the talent as a policeman,

which he had shown under the assumed names of Canquoelle and Saint-

Germain, especially in connection with F. Gaudissart's seizure,

Peyrade failed in his struggle with Jacques Collin. His excellent

transformation into a nabob defender of Madame Theodore Gaillard made

the former convict so angry that, during the last years of the

Restoration, he took revenge on him by making away with him. Peyrade's

daughter was abducted and he died from the effects of poison. [The

Gondreville Mystery. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

PEYRADE (Lydie).[*] (See La Peyrade, Madame Theodose de.)

[*] Under the title of "Lydie" a portion of the life of Peyrade's

daughter was used in a play presented at the Theatre des Nations,

now Theatre de Paris, but the author did not publish his play.

PHELLION, born in 1780, husband of a La Perche woman, who bore him

three children, two of whom were sons, Felix and Marie-Theodore, and

one a daughter, who became Madame Burniol; clerk in the Ministry of

Finance, Xavier Rabourdin's bureau, division of Flamet de la

Billardiere, a position which he held until the close of 1824. He

upheld Rabourdin, who, in turn, often defended him. While living on

rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques near the Sourds-Muets, he taught

history, literature and elementary ethics to the students of

Mesdemoiselles La Grave. The Revolution of July did not affect him;

even his retirement from service did not cause him to give up the home

in which he remained for at least thirty years. He bought for eighteen

thousand francs a small house on Feuillantines lane, now rue des

Feuillantines, which he occupied, after he had improved it, in a

serious Bourgeois manner. Phellion was a major in the National Guard.

For the most part he still had the same friends, meeting and visiting

frequently Baudoyer, Dutocq, Fleury, Godard, Laudigeois, Rabourdin,

Madame Poiret the elder, and especially the Colleville, Thuillier and

Minard families. His leisure time was occupied with politics and art.

At the Odeon he was on a committee of classical reading. His political

influence and vote were sought by Theodose de la Peyrade in the

interest of Jerome Thuillier's candidacy for the General Council; for

Phellion favored another candidate, Horace Bianchon, relative of the

highly-honored J.-J. Popinot. [The Government Clerks. The Middle

Classes.]

PHELLION (Madame), wife of the preceding; belonged to a family who

lived in a western province. Her family being so large that the income

of more than nine thousand francs, pension and rentals, was

insufficient, she continued, under Louis Philippe, to give lessons in

harmony to Mesdemoiselles La Grave, as in the Restoration, with the

strictness observed in her every-day life.

PHELLION (Felix), eldest son of the preceding couple, born in 1817;

professor of mathematics in a Royal college at Paris, then a member of

the Academy of Sciences, and chevalier of the Legion of Honor. By his

remarkable works and his discovery of a star, he was thus made famous

before he was twenty-five years old, and married, after this fame had

come to him, Celeste-Louise-Caroline-Brigette Colleville, the sister

of one of his pupils and a woman for whom his love was so strong that

he gave up Voltairism for Catholicism. [The Middle Classes.]

PHELLION (Madame Felix), wife of the preceding; born Celeste-Louise-

Caroline-Brigitte Colleville. Although M. and Madame Colleville's

daughter, she was reared almost entirely by the Thuilliers. Indeed, M.

L.-J. Thuillier, who had been one of Madame Flavie Colleville's

lovers, passed for Celeste's father. M., Madame and Mademoiselle

Thuillier were all determined to give her their Christian names and to

make up a large dowry for her. Olivier Vinet, Godeschal, Theodose de

la Peyrade, all wished to marry Mademoiselle Colleville. Nevertheless,

although she was a devoted Christian, she loved Felix Phellion, the

Voltairean, and married him after his conversion to Catholicism. [The

Middle Classes.]

PHELLION (Marie-Theodore), Felix Phellion's younger brother, in 1840

pupil at the Ecole des Ponts et Chaussees. [The Middle Classes.]

PHILIPPART (Messieurs), owners of a porcelain manufactory at Limoges,

in which was employed Jean-Francois Tascheron, the murderer of Pingret

and Jeanne Malassis. [The Country Parson.]

PHILIPPE, employed in Madame Marie Gaston's family; formerly an

attendant of the Princesse de Vauremont; later became the Duc Henri de

Chaulieu's servant; finally entered Marie Gaston's household, where he

was employed after his wife's decease. [Letters of Two Brides. The

Member for Arcis.]

PICHARD (Mademoiselle), house-keeper of Niseron, vicar of Blangy in

Bourgogne. Prior to 1789 she brought her niece, Mademoiselle Arsene

Pichard, to his house. [The Peasantry.]

PICHARD (Arsene), niece of the preceding. (See Rigou, Madame

Gregoire.) [The Peasantry.]

PICOT (Nepomucene), astronomer and mathematician, friend of Biot after

1807, author of a "Treatise on Differential Logarithms," and

especially of a "Theory of Perpetual Motion," four volumes, quarto,

with engravings, Paris, 1825; lived, in 1840, No. 9 rue du Val-de-

Grace. Being very near-sighted and erratic, the prey of his thieving

servant, Madame Lambert, his family thought that he needed a

protector. Being instructor of Felix Phellion, with whom he took a

trip to England, Picot made known his pupil's great ability, which the

boy had modestly kept secret, at the home of the Thuilliers, Place de

la Madeleine, before an audience composed of the Collevilles, Minards

and Phellions. Celeste Colleville's future was thus determined. As

Picot was decorated late in life, his marriage to a wealthy and

eccentric Englishwoman of forty was correspondingly late. After

passing through a successful operation for a cancer, he returned "a

new man," to the home of the Thuilliers. He was led through gratitude

to leave to the Felix Phellions the wealth brought him by Madame

Picot. [The Middle Classes.]

PICQUOISEAU (Comtesse), widow of a colonel. She and Madame de

Vaumerland boarded with one of Madame Vauquer's rivals, according to

Madame de l'Ambermesnil. [Father Goriot.]

PIUS VII. (Barnabas Chiaramonti), lived from 1740 till 1823; pope.

Having been asked by letter in 1806, if a woman might go /decollete/

to the ball or to the theatre, without endangering her welfare, he

answered his correspondent, Madame Angelique de Granville, in a manner

befitting the gentle Fenelon. [A Second Home.]

PIEDEFER (Abraham), descendant of a middle class Calvinist family of

Sancerre, whose ancestors in the sixteenth century were skilled

workmen, and subsequently woolen-drapers; failed in business during

the reign of Louis XVI.; died about 1786, leaving two sons, Moise and

Silas, in poverty. [The Muse of the Department.]

PIEDEFER (Moise), elder son of the preceding, profited by the

Revolution in imitating his forefathers; tore down abbeys and

churches; married the only daughter of a Convention member who had

been guillotined, and by her had a child, Dinah, later Madame Milaud

de la Baudraye; compromised his fortune by his agricultural

speculations; died in 1819. [The Muse of the Department.]

PIEDEFER (Silas), son of Abraham Piedefer, and younger brother of the

preceding; did not receive, as did Moise Piedefer, his part of the

small paternal fortune; went to the Indies; died, about 1837, in New

York, with a fortune of twelve hundred thousand francs. This money was

inherited by his niece, Madame de la Baudraye, but was seized by her

husband. [The Muse of the Department.]

PIEDEFER (Madame Moise), sister-in-law of the preceding, unaffable and

excessively pious; pensioned by her son-in-law; lived successively in

Sancerre and at Paris with her daughter, Madame de la Baudraye, whom

she managed to separate from Etienne Lousteau. [The Muse of the

Department.]

PIERQUIN, born about 1786, successor to his father as notary in Douai;

distant cousin of the Molina-Claes of rue de Paris, through the

Pierquins of Antwerp; self-interested and positive by nature; aspired

to the hand of Marguerite Claes, eldest daughter of Balthazar, who

afterwards became Madame Emmanuel de Solis; finally married Felicie, a

younger sister of his first choice, in the second year of Charles X.'s

reign. [The Quest of the Absolute.]

PIERQUIN (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Felicie Claes, found,

as a young girl, a second mother in her elder sister, Marguerite. [The

Quest of the Absolute.]

PIERQUIN, brother-in-law of the preceding; physician who attended the

Claes at Douai. [The Quest of the Absolute.]

PIERROT, assumed name of Charles-Amedee-Louis-Joseph Rifoel, Chevalier

du Vissard. [The Seamy Side of History.]

PIERROTIN, born in 1781. After having served in the cavalry, he left

the service in 1815 to succeed his father as manager of a stage-line

between Paris and Isle-Adam--an undertaking which, though only

moderately successful, finally flourished. One morning in the autumn

of 1822, he received as passengers, at the Lion d'Argent, some people,

either famous or of rising fame, the Comte Hugret de Serizy, Leon de

Lora and Joseph Bridau, and took them to Presles, a place near

Beaumont. Having become "coach-proprietor of Oise," in 1838 he married

his daughter, Georgette, to Oscar Husson, a high officer, who, upon

retiring, had been appointed to a collectorship in Beaumont, and who,

like the Canalises and the Moreaus, had for a long time been one of

Pierrotin's customers. [A Start in Life.]

PEITRO, Corsican servant of the Bartolomeo di Piombos, kinsmen of

Madame Luigi Porta. [The Vendetta.]

PIGEAU, during the Restoration, at one time head-carrier and

afterwards owner of a small house, which he had built with his own

hands and on a very economical basis, at Nanterre (between Paris and

Saint-Germain-in-Laye). [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

PIGEAU (Madame), wife of the preceding; belonged to a family of wine

merchants. After her husband's death, about the end of the

Restoration, she inherited a little property, which caused her much

unhappiness, in consequence of her avarice and distrust. Madame Pigeau

was planning to remove from Nanterre to Saint-Germain with a view to

living there on her annuity, when she was murdered with her servant

and her dogs, by Theodore Calvi, in the winter of 1828-29. [Scenes

from a Courtesan's Life.]

PIGERON, of Auxerre, was murdered, it is said, by his wife; be that as

it may, the autopsy, entrusted to Vermut, a druggist of Soulanges, in

Bourgogne, proved the use of poison. [The Peasantry.]

PIGOULT, was head clerk in the office where Malin de Gondreville and

Grevin studied pettifogging; was, about 1806, first justice of the

peace at Arcis, and then president of the tribunal of the same town,

at the time of the lawsuit in connection with the abduction of Malin,

when he and Grevin were the prosecuting attorneys. [The Gondreville

Mystery.] In the neighborhood of 1839, Pigoult was still living,

having his home in the ward. At that time he made public recognition

of Pantaleon, Marquis de Sallenauve, and supposed father of Charles

Dorlange, Comte de Sallenauve, thus serving the interests, or rather

the ambitions, of deputy. [The Member for Arcis.]

PIGOULT, son of the preceding, acquired the hat manufactory of Phileas

Beauvisage, made a failure of the undertaking, and committed suicide;

but appeared to have had a natural, though sudden, death. [The Member

for Arcis.]

PIGOULT (Achille), son of the preceding and grandson of the next

preceding, born in 1801. A man of unattractive personality, but of

great intelligence, he supplanted Grevin, and, in 1819, was the

busiest notary of Arcis. Gondreville's influence, and his intimacy

with Beauvisage and Giguet, were the causes of his taking a prominent

part in the political contests of that period; he opposed Simon

Giguet's candidacy, and successfully supported the Comte de

Sallenauve. The introduction of the Marquis Pantaleon de Sallenauve to

old Pigoult was brought about through Achille Pigoult, and assured a

triumph for the sculptor, Sallenauve-Dorlange. [The Member for Arcis.]

PILLERAULT (Claude-Joseph), a very upright Parisian trader, proprietor

of the Cloche d'Or, a hardware establishment on the Quai de la

Ferraille; made a modest fortune, and retired from business in 1814.

After losing, one after another, his wife, his son, and an adopted

child, Pillerault devoted his life to his niece, Constance-Barbe-

Josephine, of whom he was guardian and only relative. Pillerault lived

on the rue des Bourdonnais, in 1818, occupying a small apartment let

to him by Camusot of the Cocon d'Or. During that period, Pillerault

was remarkable for the intelligence, energy and courage displayed in

connection with the unfortunate Birotteaus, who were falling into bad

repute. He found out Claparon, and terrified Molineux, both enemies of

the Birotteaus. Politics and the Cafe David, situated between the rue

de la Monnaie and the rue Saint-Honore, consumed the leisure hours of

Pillerault, who was a stoical and staunch Republican; he was

exceedingly considerate of Madame Vaillant, his house-keeper, and

treated Manuel, Foy, Perier, Lafayette and Courier as gods. [Cesar

Birotteau.] Pillerault lived to a very advanced age. The Anselme

Popinots, his grand-nephew and grand-niece, paid him a visit in 1844.

Poulain cured the old man of an illness when he was more than eighty

years of age; he then owned an establishment (rue de Normandie, in the

Marais), managed by the Cibots, and counting among its occupants the

Chapoulot family, Schmucke and Sylvain Pons. [Cousin Pons.]

PILLERAULT (Constance-Barbe-Josephine). (See Birotteau, Madame Cesar.)

PIMENTEL (Marquis and Marquise de), enjoyed extended influence during

the Restoration, not only with the society element of Paris, but

especially in the department of Charente, where they spent their

summers. They were reputed to be the wealthiest land-owners around

Angouleme, were on intimate terms with their peers, the Rastignacs,

together with whom they composed the shining lights of the Bargeton

circle. [Lost Illusions.]

PINAUD (Jacques), a "poor linen-merchant," the name under which M.

d'Orgemont, a wealthy broker of Fougeres, tried to conceal his

identity from the Chouans, in 1799, to avoid being a victim of their

robbery. [The Chouans.]

PINGRET, uncle of Monsieur and Madame des Vauneaulx; a miser, who

lived in an isolated house in the Faubourg Saint-Etienne, near

Limoges; robbed and murdered, with his servant Jeanne Malassis, one

night in March, 1829, by Jean-Francois Tascheron. [The Country

Parson.]

PINSON, long a famous Parisian restaurant-keeper of the rue de

l'Ancienne-Comedie, at whose establishment Theodose de la Peyrade,

reduced, in the time of Louis Philippe, to the uttermost depths of

poverty, dined, at the expense of Cerizet and Dutocq, at a cost of

forty-seven francs; there also these three men concluded a compact to

further their mutual interests. [The Middle Classes.]

PIOMBO (Baron Bartolomeo di), born in 1738, a fellow-countryman and

friend of Napoleon Bonaparte, whose mother he had protected during the

Corsican troubles. After a terrible vendetta, carried out in Corsica

against all the Portas except one, he had to leave his country, and

went in great poverty to Paris with his family. Through the

intercession of Lucien Bonaparte, he saw the First Consul (October,

1800) and obtained property, titles and employment. Piombo was not

without gratitude; the friend of Daru, Drouot, and Carnot, he gave

evidence of devotion to his benefactor until the latter's death. The

return of the Bourbons did not deprive him entirely of the resources

that he had acquired. For his Corsican property Bartolomeo received of

Madame Letitia Bonaparte a sum which allowed him to purchase and

occupy the Portenduere mansion. The marriage of his adored daughter,

Ginevra, who, against her father's will, became the wife of the last

of the Portas, was a source of vexation and grief to Piombo, that

nothing could diminish. [The Vendetta.]

PIOMBO (Baronne Elisa di), born in 1745, wife of the preceding and

mother of Madame Porta, was unable to obtain from Bartolomeo the

pardon of Ginevra, whom he would not see after her marriage. [The

Vendetta.]

PIOMBO (Ginevra di). (See Porta, Madame Luigi.)

PIOMBO (Gregorio di), brother of the preceding, and son of Bartolomeo

and Elisa di Piombo; died in his infancy, a victim of the Portas, in

the vendetta against the Piombos. [The Vendetta.]

PIQUETARD (Agathe). (See Hulot d'Ervy, Baronne Hector.)

PIQUOIZEAU, porter of Frederic de Nucingen, when Rodolphe Castanier

was cashier at the baron's bank. [Melmoth Reconciled.]

PLAISIR, an "illustrious hair-dresser" of Paris; in September, 1816,

on the rue Taitbout, he waited on Caroline Crochard de Bellefeuille,

at that time mistress of the Comte de Granville. [A Second Home.]

PLANCHETTE, an eminent professor of mechanics, consulted by Raphael de

Valentin on the subject of the wonderful piece of shagreen that the

young man had in his possession; he took him to Spieghalter, the

mechanician, and to Baron Japhet, the chemist, who tried in vain to

stretch this skin. The failure of science in this effort was a cause

of amazement to Planchette and Japhet. "They were like Christians come

from the tomb without finding a God in heaven." Planchette was a tall,

thin man, and a sort of poet always in deep contemplation. [The Magic

Skin.]

PLANTIN, a Parisian publicist, was, in 1834, editor of a review, and

aspired to the position of master of requests in the Council of State,

when Blondet recommended him to Raoul Nathan, who was starting a great

newspaper. [A Daughter of Eve.]

PLISSOUD, like Brunet, court-crier at Soulanges (Bourgogne), and

afterwards Brunet's unfortunate competitor. He belonged, during the

Restoration, to the "second" society of his village, witnessed his

exclusion from the "first" by reason of the misconduct of his wife,

who was born Euphemie Wattebled. Being a gambler and a drinker,

Plissoud did not save any money; for, though he was appointed to many

offices, they were all lacking in lucrativeness; he was insurance

agent, as well as agent for a society that insured against the chances

for conscription. Being an enemy of Soudry's party, Maitre Plissoud

might readily have served, especially for pecuniary considerations,

the interests of Montcornet, proprietor at Aigues. [The Peasantry.]

PLISSOUD (Madame Euphemie), wife of the preceding and daughter of

Wattebled; ruled the "second" society of Soulanges, as Madame Soudry

did the first, and though married to Plissoud, lived with Lupin as if

she were his wife. [The Peasantry.]

POIDEVIN, was, in the month of November, 1806, second clerk of Maitre

Bordin, a Paris attorney. [A Start in Life.]

POINCET, an old and unfortunate public scribe, and interpreter at the

Palais de Justice of Paris; about 1815, he went with Christemio to see

Henri de Marsay, in order to translate the words of the messenger of

Paquita Valdes. [The Thirteen.]

POIREL (Abbe), a priest of Tours; advanced to the canonry at the time

that Monsieur Troubert and Mademoiselle Gamard persecuted Abbe

Francois Birotteau. [The Vicar of Tours.]

POIRET, the elder, born at Troyes. He was the son of a clerk and of a

woman whose wicked ways were notorious and who died in a hospital.

Going to Paris with a younger brother, they became clerks in the

Department of Finance under Robert Lindet; there he met Antoine, the

office boy; he left the department, in 1816, with a retiring pension,

and was replaced by Saillard. [The Government Clerks.] Afflicted with

cretinism he remained a bachelor because of the horror inspired by the

memory of his mother's immoral life; he was a confirmed /idemiste/,

repeating, with slight variation, the words of those with whom he was

conversing. Poiret established himself on the rue Neuve-Sainte-

Genevieve, at Madame Vauquer's private boarding-house; he occupied the

second story at the widow's house, became intimate with Christine-

Michelle Michonneau and married her, when Horace Bianchon demanded the

exclusion of this young woman from the house for denouncing Jacques

Collin (1819). [Father Goriot.] Poiret often afterwards met M.

Clapart, an old comrade whom he had found again on the rue de la

Cerisaie; had apartments on the rue des Poules and lost his health. [A

Start in Life. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.] He died during the

reign of Louis Philippe. [The Middle Classes.]

POIRET (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Christine-Michelle

Michonneau, in 1779, doubtless had a stormy youth. Pretending to have

been persecuted by the heirs of a rich old man for whom she had cared,

Christine-Michelle Michonneau went, during the Restoration, to board

with Madame Vauquer, the third floor of the house on rue Neuve-Sainte-

Genevieve; made Poiret her squire; made a deal with Bibi-Lupin--

Gondureau--to betray Jacques Collin, one of Madame Vauquer's guests.

Having thus sated her cupidity and her bitter feelings, Mademoiselle

Michonneau was forced to leave the house on rue Neuve-Sainte-

Genevieve, at the formal demand of Bianchon, another of the guests.

[Father Goriot.] Accompanied by Poiret, whom she afterwards married,

she moved to the rue des Poules and rented furnished rooms. Being

summoned before the examining magistrate Camusot (May, 1830), she

recognized Jacques Collin in the pseudo Abbe Carlos Herrera. [Scenes

from a Courtesan's Life.] Ten years later, Madame Poiret, now a widow,

was living on a corner of the rue des Postes, and numbered Cerizet

among her lodgers. [The Middle Classes.]

POIRET, the younger, brother of Poiret the elder, and brother-in-law

of the preceding, born in 1771; had the same start, the same

instincts, and the same weakness of intellect as the elder; ran the

same career, overwhelmed with work under Lindet; remained at the

Treasury as copying clerk ten years longer than Poiret the elder, was

also book-keeper for two merchants, one of whom was Camusot of the

Cocon d'Or; he lived on the rue du Martroi; dined regularly at the

Veau qui Tette, on the Place du Chatelet; bought his hats of Tournan,

on rue Saint-Martin; and, a victim of J.-J. Bixiou's practical jokes,

he wound up by being business clerk in the office of Xavier Rabourdin.

Being retired on January 1, 1825, Poiret the younger counted on living

at Madame Vauquer's boarding-house. [The Government Clerks.]

POLISSARD, appraiser of the wood of the Ronquerolles estate in 1821;

at this time, probably on the recommendation of Gaubertin, he employed

as agent for the wood-merchant, Vaudoyer, a peasant of Ronquerolles,

who had shortly before been discharged from the post of forest-keeper

of Blangy (Bourgogne). [The Peasantry.]

POLLET, book-publisher in Paris, in 1821; a rival of Doguereau;

published "Leonide ou La Vieille de Suresnes," a romance by Victor

Ducange; had business relations with Porchon and Vidal; was at their

establishment, when Lucien de Rubempre presented to them his "Archer

de Charles IX." [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris.]

POMBRETON (Marquis de), a genuine anomaly; lieutenant of the black

musketeers under the old regime, friend of the Chevalier de Valois,

who prided himself on having lent him for assistance in leaving the

country, twelve hundred pistoles. Pombreton returned this loan

afterwards, almost beyond a question of doubt, but the fact of the

case always remained unknown, for M. de Valois, an unusually

successful gamester, was interested in spreading a report of the

return of this loan, to shadow the resources that he derived from the

gaming table; and so five years later, about 1821, Etienne Lousteau

declared that the Pombreton succession and the Maubreuil[*] affair

were among the most profitable "stereotypes" of journalism. Finally,

Le Courrier de l'Orne of M. du Bousquier published, about 1830, these

lines: "A certificate for an income of a thousand francs a year will

be awarded to the person who can show the existence of a M. de

Pombreton before, during, or after the emigration." [Lost Illusions. A

Distinguished Provincial at Paris. Jealousies of a Country Town.]

[*] Maubreuil died at the end of the Second Empire.

POMPONNE (La). (See Toupinet, Madame.)

PONS (Sylvain)[*], born about 1785; son of the old age of Monsieur and

Madame Pons, who, before 1789, founded the famous Parisian house for

the embroidery of uniforms that was bought, in 1815, by M. Rivet,

first cousin of the first Madame Camusot of the Cocon d'Or, sole heir

of the famous Pons brothers, embroiderers to the Court; under the

Empire, he won the Prix de Rome for musical composition, returned to

Paris about 1810, and was for many years famous for his romances and

melodies which were full of delicacy and good taste. From his stay in

Italy, Pons brought back the tastes of the bibliomaniac and a love for

works of art. His passion for collecting consumed almost his entire

patrimony. Pons became Sauvageot's rival. Monistrol and Elie Magus

felt a hidden but envious appreciation of the artistic treasures

ingeniously and economically collected by the musician. Being ignorant

of the rare value of his museum, he went from house to house, giving

private lessons in harmony. This lack of knowledge proved his ruin

afterwards, for he became all the more fond of paintings, stones and

furniture, as lyric glory was denied him, and his ugliness, coupled

with his supposed poverty, kept him from getting married. The

pleasures of a gourmand replaced those of the lover; he likewise found

some consolation for his isolation in his friendship with Schmucke.

Pons suffered from his taste for high living; he grew old, like a

parasitic plant, outside the circle of his family, only tolerated by

his distant cousins, the Camusot de Marvilles, and their connections,

Cardot, Berthier and Popinot. In 1834, at the awarding of the prize to

the young ladies of a boarding-school, he met the pianist Schmucke, a

teacher as well as himself, and in the strong intimacy that grew up

between them, he found some compensation for the blighted hopes of his

existence. Sylvain Pons was director of the orchestra at the theatre

of which Felix Gaudissart was manager during the monarchy of July. He

had Schmucke admitted there, with whom he passed several happy years,

in a house, on the rue de Normandie, belonging to C.-J. Pillerault.

The bitterness of Madeleine Vivet and Amelie Camusot de Marville, and

the covetousness of Madame Cibot, the door-keeper, and Fraisier,

Magus, Poulain and Remonencq were perhaps the indirect causes of the

case of hepatitis of which Pons died (in April, 1845), appointing

Schmucke his residuary legatee before Maitre Leopold Hannequin, who

had been hastily summoned by Heloise Brisetout. Pons was on the point

of being employed to compose a piece of ballet music, entitled "Les

Mohicans." This work most likely fell to his successor, Garangeot.

[Cousin Pons.]

[*] M. Alphonse de Launay has derived from the life of Sylvain Pons a

drama that was presented at the Cluny theatre, Paris, about 1873.

POPINOT, alderman of Sancerre in the eighteenth century; father of

Jean-Jules Popinot and Madame Ragon (born Popinot). He was the officer

whose portrait, painted by Latour, adorned the walls of Madame Ragon's

parlor, during the Restoration, at her home in the Quartier Saint-

Sulpice, Paris. [Cesar Birotteau.]

POPINOT (Jean-Jules), son of the preceding, brother of Madame Ragon,

and husband of Mademoiselle Bianchon--of Sancerre--embraced the

profession of law, but did not attain promptly the rank which his

powers and integrity deserved. Jean-Jules Popinot remained for a long

time a judge of a lower court in Paris. He took a deep interest in the

fate of the young orphan Anselme Popinot, his nephew, and a clerk of

Cesar Birotteau; and was invited with Madame Jean-Jules Popinot to the

perfumer's famous ball, on Sunday, December 17, 1818. Nearly eighteen

months later, Jean-Jules Popinot once more saw Anselme, who was set up

as a druggist on the rue des Cinq-Diamants, and met Felix Gaudissart,

the commercial-traveler, and tried to excuse certain imprudent

utterances of his on the political situation, that had been reported

by Canquoelle-Peyrade, the police-agent. [Cesar Birotteau.] Three

years later he lost his wife, who had brought him, for dowry, an

income of six thousand francs, representing exactly twice his personal

assets. Living from this time at the rue de Fouarre, Popinot was able

to give free rein to the exercise of charity, a virtue that had become

a passion with him. At the urgent instance of Octave de Bauvan, Jean-

Jules Popinot, in order to aid Honorine, the Count's wife, sent her a

pretended commission-merchant, probably Felix Gaudissart, offering a

more than generous price for the flowers she made. [Honorine.] Jean-

Jules Popinot eventually established a sort of benevolent agency.

Lavienne, his servant, and Horace Bianchon, his wife's nephew aided

him. He relieved Madame Toupinet, a poor woman on the rue du Petit-

Banquier, from want (1828). Madame d'Espard's request for a guardian

for her husband served to divert Popinot from his role of Saint

Vincent de Paul; a man of rare delicacy hidden beneath a rough and

uncultured exterior, he immediately discovered the injustice of the

wrongs alleged by the marchioness, and recognized the real victim in

M. d'Espard, when he cross-questioned him at No. 22 rue de la

Montagne-Sainte-Genevieve, in an apartment, the good management of

which he seemed to envy, though the rooms were simply furnished, and

in striking contrast with the splendor of which he had been a witness,

at the home of the marchioness in the Faubourg Saint-Honore. A delay

caused by a cold in the head, and especially the influence of Madame

d'Espard's intrigues, removed Popinot from the cause, in which Camusot

was substituted. [The Commission in Lunacy.] We have varying accounts

of Jean-Jules Popinot's last years. Madame de la Chanterie's circle

mourned the death of the judge in 1833 [The Seamy Side of History.]

and Phellion in 1840. J.-J. Popinot probably died at No. 22 rue de la

Montagne-Saint-Genevieve, in the apartment that he had already

coveted, being a counselor to the court, municipal counselor of Paris,

and a member of the General Council of the Seine. [The Middle

Classes.]

POPINOT (Anselme), a poor orphan, and nephew of the preceding and of

Madame Ragon (born Popinot), who took charge of him in his infancy.

Small of stature, red-haired, and lame, he gladly became clerk to

Cesar Birotteau, the Paris perfumer of the Reine des Roses, the

successor of Ragon, with whom he did a great deal of work, in order to

be able to show appreciation for the favor shown a part of his family,

that was well-nigh ruined as a result of some bad investments (the

Wortschin mines, 1818-19). Anselme Popinot, being secretly in love

with Cesarine Birotteau, his employer's daughter--the feeling being

reciprocated, moreover--brought about, so far as his means allowed,

the rehabilitation of Cesar, thanks to the profits of his drug

business, established on the rue des Cinq-Diamants, between 1819 and

1820. The beginning of his great fortune and of his domestic happiness

dated from this time. [Cesar Birotteau.] After Birotteau's death,

about 1822, Popinot married Mademoiselle Birotteau, by whom he had

three children, two sons and a daughter. The consequences of the

Revolution of 1830 brought Anselme Popinot in the way of power and

honors; he was twice deputy after the beginning of Louis Philippe's

reign, and was also minister of commerce. [Gaudissart the Great.]

Anselme Popinot, twice secretary of state, had finally been made a

count, and a peer of France. He owned a mansion on the rue Basse du

Rempart. In 1834 he rewarded Felix Gaudissart for services formerly

rendered on the rue des Cinq-Diamants, and entrusted to him the

management of a boulevard theatre, where the opera, the drama, the

fairy spectacle, and the ballet took turn and turn. [Cousin Pons.]

Four years later the Comte Popinot, again minister of commerce and

agriculture, a lover of the arts and one who gladly acted the part of

the refined Maecenas, bought for two thousand francs a copy of

Steinbock's "Groupe de Samson" and stipulated that the mould should be

destroyed that there might be only two copies, his own and the one

belonging to Mademoiselle Hortense Hulot, the artist's fiancee. When

Wenceslas married Mademoiselle Hulot, Popinot and Eugene de Rastignac

were the Pole's witnesses. [Cousin Betty.]

POPINOT (Madame Anselme), wife of the preceding, born Cesarine

Birotteau, in 1801. Beautiful and attractive though, at one time,

almost promised to Alexandre Crottat, she married, about 1822, Anselme

Popinot, whom she loved and by whom she was loved. [Cesar Biroteau.]

After her marriage, though in the midst of splendor, she remained the

simple, open, and even artless character that she was in the modest

days of her youth.[*] The transformation of the dancer Claudine du

Bruel, the whilom Tullia of the Royal Academy of Music, to a moral

bourgeois matron, surprised Madame Anselme, who became intimate with

her. [A Prince of Bohemia.] The Comtesse Popinot rendered aid, in a

delicate way, in 1841, to Adeline Hulot d'Ervy. Her influence with

that of Mesdames de Rastignac, de Navarreins, d'Espard, de Grandlieu,

de Carigliano, de Lenoncourt, and de la Bastie, procured Adeline's

appointment as salaried inspector of charities. [Cousin Betty.] Three

years later when one of her three children married Mademoiselle

Camusot de Marville, Madame Popinot, although she appeared at the most

exclusive social gatherings, imitated modest Anselme, and, unlike

Amelie Camusot, received Pons, a tenant of her maternal great-uncle,

C.-J. Pillerault. [Cousin Pons.]

[*] In 1838, the little theatre Pantheon, destroyed in 1846, gave a

vaudeville play, by M. Eugene Cormon, entitled "Cesar Birotteau,"

of which Madame Anselme Popinot was one of the heroines.

POPINOT (Vicomte), the eldest of the three children of the preceding

couple, married, in 1845, Cecile Camusot de Marville. [Cousin Pons.]

During the course of the year 1846, he questioned Victorin Hulot about

the remarkable second marriage of Baron Hector Hulot d'Ervy, which was

solemnized on the first of February of that year. [Cousin Betty.]

POPINOT (Vicomtesse), wife of the preceding; born Cecile Camusot in

1821, before the name Marville was added to Camusot through the

acquisition of a Norman estate. Red-haired and insignificant looking,

but very pretentious, she persecuted her distant kinsman Pons, from

whom she afterwards inherited; from lack of sufficient fortune she

failed of more than one marriage, and was treated with scorn by the

wealthy Frederic Brunner, especially because of her being an only

daughter and the spoiled child. [Cousin Pons.]

POPINOT-CHANDIER (Madame and Mademoiselle), mother and daughter; of

the family of Madame Boirouge; hailing from Sancerre; frequent

visitors of Madame de la Baudraye, whose superiority of manner they

ridiculed in genuine bourgeois fashion. [The Muse of the Department.]

PORCHON. (See Vidal.)

PORRABERIL (Euphemie). (See San-Real, Marquise de.)

PORRIQUET, an elderly student of the classics, was teacher of Raphael

de Valentin, whom he had as a pupil in the sixth class, in the third

class, and in rhetoric. Retired from the university without a pension

after the Revolution of July, on suspicion of Carlism, seventy years

of age, without means, and with a nephew whose expenses he was paying

at the seminary of Saint-Sulpice, he went to solicit the aid of his

dear "foster-child," to obtain the position of principal of a

provincial school, and suffered rough treatment at the hands of the

/carus alumnus/, every act of whose shortened Valentin's existence.

[The Magic Skin.]

PORTA (Luigi), born in 1793, strikingly like his sister Nina. He was

the last member that remained, at the beginning of the nineteenth

century, of the Corsican family of Porta, by reason of a bloody

vendetta between his kinspeople and the Piombos. Luigi Porta alone was

saved, by Elisa Vanni, according to Giacomo; he lived at Genoa, where

he enlisted, and found himself, when quite young, in the affair of the

Beresina. Under the Restoration he was already an officer of high

rank; he put an end to his military career and was hunted by the

authorities at the same time as Labedoyere. Luiga Porta found Paris a

safe place of refuge. Servin, the Bonapartist painter, who had opened

a studio of drawing, where he taught his art to young ladies,

concealed the officer. One of his pupils, Ginevra di Piombo,

discovered the outlaw's hiding-place, aided him, fell in love with

him, made him fall in love with her, and married him, despite the

opposition of her father, Bartolomeo di Piombo. Luigi Porta chose as a

witness, when he was married, his former comrade, Louis Vergniaud,

also known to Hyacinthe Chabert. He lived from hand to mouth by doing

secretary's work, lost his wife, and, crushed by poverty, went to tell

the Piombos of her death. He died almost immediately after her (1820).

[The Vendetta.]

PORTA (Madame Luigi), wife of the preceding, born Ginevra di Piombo

about 1790; shared, in Corsica as in Paris, the stormy life of her

father and mother, whose adored child she was. In Servin's, the

painter's studio, where with her talent she shone above the whole

class, Ginevra knew Mesdames Tiphaine and Camusot de Marville, at that

time Mesdemoiselles Roguin and Thirion. Defended by Laure alone, she

endured the cruelly planned persecution of Amelie Thirion, a Royalist,

and an envious woman, especially when the favorite drawing pupil

discovered and aided Luigi Porta, whom she married shortly afterwards,

against the will of Bartolomeo di Piombo. Madame Porta lived most

wretchedly; she resorted to Magus to dispose of copies of paintings at

a meagre price; brought a son into the world, Barthelemy; could not

nurse him, lost him, and died of grief and exhaustion in the year

1820. [The Vendetta.]

PORTAIL (Du), name assumed by Corentin, when as "prefect of secret

police of diplomacy and political affairs," he lived on the rue

Honore-Chevalier, in the reign of Louis Philippe. [The Government

Clerks.]

PORTENDUERE (Comte Luc-Savinien de), grandson of Admiral de

Portenduere, born about 1788, represented the elder branch of the

Portendueres, of whom Madame de Portenduere and her son Savinien

represented the younger branch. Under the Restoration, being the

husband of a rich wife, the father of three children and member for

Isere, he lived, according to the season of the year, in the chateau

of Portenduere or the Portenduere mansion, which were situated, the

one in Dauphine, and the other in Paris, and extended no aid to the

Vicomte Savinien, though he was harassed by his creditors. [Ursule

Mirouet.]

PORTENDUERE (Madame de,) born Kergarouet, a Breton, proud of her noble

descent and of her race. She married a post-captain, nephew of the

famous Admiral de Portenduere, the rival of the Suffrens, the

Kergarouets, and the Simeuses; bore him a son, Savinien; she survived

her husband; was on intimate terms with the Rouvres, her country

neighbors; for, having but little means, she lived, during the

Restoration, in the little village of Nemours, on the rue des

Bourgeois, where Denis Minoret was domiciled. Savinien's prodigal

dissipation and the long opposition to his marriage to Ursule Mirouet

saddened, or at least distrubed, Madame de Portenduere's last days.

[Ursule Mirouet.]

PORTENDUERE (Vicomte Savinien de), son of preceding, born in 1806;

cousin of the Comte de Portenduere, who was descended from the famous

admiral of this name, and great nephew of Vice-Admiral Kergarouet.

During the Restoration he left the little town of Nemours and his

mother's society to go and try the life in Paris, where, in spite of

his relationship with the Fontaines, he fell in love with Emilie de

Fontaine, who did not reciprocate his love, but married first Admiral

de Kergarouet, and afterwards the Marquis de Vandenesse. [The Ball at

Sceaux.] Savinien also became enamored of Leontine de Serizy; was on

intimate terms with Marsay, Rastignac, Rubempre, Maxime de Trailles,

Blondet and Finot; soon lost a considerable sum of money, and, laden

with debts, became a boarder at Sainte-Pelagie; he then received

Marsay, Rastignac and Rubempre, the latter wishing to relieve his

distress, much to the amusement of Florine, afterwards Madame Nathan.

[Secrets from a Courtesan's Life.] Urged by Ursule Mirouet, his ward,

Denis Minoret, who was one of Savinien's neighbors at Nemours, raised

the sum necessary to liquidate young Portenduere's debt, and freed him

of its burden. The viscount enlisted in the marine service, and

retired with the rank and insignia of an ensign, two years after the

Revolution of July, and five years before being able to marry Ursule

Mirouet. [Ursule Mirouet.] The Vicomte and Vicomtesse de Portenduere

made a charming couple, recalling two other happy families of Paris,

the Langinskis and the Ernest de la Basties. In 1840 they lived on the

Rue Saint-Peres, became the intimate friends of the Calyste du

Guenics, and shared their box at the Italiens. [Beatrix.]

PORTENDUERE (Vicomtesse Savinien de), wife of the preceding, born in

1814. The orphan daughter of an unfortunate artist, Joseph Mirouet,

the military musician, and Dinah Grollman, a German; natural

granddaughter of Valentine Mirouet, the famous harpsichordist, and

consequently niece of the rich Dr. Denis Minoret; she was adopted by

the last named, and became his ward, so much the more adored as, in

appearance and character, she recalled Madame Denis Minoret, deceased.

Ursule's girlhood and youth, passed at Nemours, were marked

alternately by joy and bitterness. Her guardian's servants, as well as

his intimate friends, overwhelmed her with indications of interest. A

distinguished performer, the future viscountess received lessons in

harmony from Schmucke, the pianist, who was summoned from Paris. Being

of a religious nature, she converted Denis Minoret, who was an

adherent of Voltaire's teachings; but the influence she acquired over

him called forth against the young girl the fierce animosity of

Minoret-Levrault, Massin, Cremiere, Dionis and Goupil, who, foreseeing

that she would be the doctor's residuary legatee, abused her,

slandered her, and persecuted her most cruelly. Ursule was also

scornfully treated by Madame de Portenduere, with whose son, Savinien,

she was in love. Later, the relenting of Minoret-Levrault and Goupil,

shown in various ways, and her marriage to the Vicomte de Portenduere,

at last approved by his mother, offered Ursule some consolation for

the loss of Denis Minoret. [Ursule Mirouet.] Paris adopted her, and

made much of her; she made a glorious success in society as a singer.

[Another Study of Woman.] Amid her own great happiness, the

viscountess showed herself the devoted friend, in 1840, of Madame

Calyste du Guenic, just after her confinement, who was almost dying of

grief over the treachery of her husband. [Beatrix.]

POSTEL was pupil and clerk of Chardon the druggist of L'Houmeau, a

suburb of Angouleme; succeeded Chardon after his death; was kind to

his former patron's unfortunate family; desired, but without success,

to marry Eve, who was afterwards Madame David Sechard, and became the

husband of Leonie Marron, by whom he had several sickly children.

[Lost Illusions.]

POSTEL (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Leonie Marron, daughter

of Doctor Marron, a practitioner in Marsac (Charente); through

jealousy she was disagreeable to the beautiful Madame Sechard; through

cupidity she fawned upon the Abbe Marron, from whom she hoped to

inherit. [Lost Illusions.]

POTASSE, sobriquet of the Protez family, manufacturers of chemicals,

as associates of Cochin; known by Minard, Phellion, Thuiller and

Colleville, types of Parisians of the middle class, about 1840. [The

Middle Classes.]

POTEL, former officer of the Imperial forces, retired, during the

Restoration, to Issoudun, with Captain Renard; he took sides with

Maxence Gilet against the officers, Mignonnet and Carpentier, declared

enemies of the chief of the "Knights of Idlesse." [A Bachelor's

Establishment.]

POULAIN (Madame), born in 1778. She married a trousers-maker, who died

in very reduced circumstances; for from the sale of his business she

received only about eleven hundred francs for income. She lived then,

for twenty years, on work which some fellow-countrymen of the late

Poulain gave to her, and the meagre profits of which afforded her the

opportunity of starting in a professional career her son, the future

physician, whom she dreamed of seeing gain a rich marriage settlement.

Madame Poulain, though deprived of an education, was very tactful, and

she was in the habit of retiring when patients came to consult her

son. This she did when Madame Cibot called at the office on rue

d'Orleans, late in 1844 or early in 1845. [Cousin Pons.]

POULAIN (Doctor), born about 1805, friendless and without fortune;

strove in vain to gain the patronage of the Paris "four hundred" after

1835. He kept constantly near him his mother, widow of a trousers-

maker. As a poor neighborhood physician he afterwards lived with his

mother on rue d'Orleans at the Marais. He became acquainted with

Madame Cibot, door-keeper at a house on rue de Normandie, the

proprietor of which, C.-J. Pillerault, uncle of the Popinots and

ordinarily under Horace Bianchon's treatment, he cured. By Madame

Cibot, Poulain was called also to attend Pons in a case of

inflammation of the liver. Aided by his friend Fraisier, he arranged

matters to suit the Camusots de Marville, the rightful heirs of the

musician. Such a service had its reward. In 1845, following the death

of Pons, and that of his residuary legatee, Schmucke, soon after,

Poulain was given an appointment in the Quinze-Vingts hospital as head

physician of this great infirmary. [Cousin Pons.]

POUPART, or Poupard, from Arcis-sur-Aube, husband of Gothard's sister;

one of the heroes of the Simeuse affair; proprietor of the Mulet

tavern. Being devoted to the interest of the Cadignans, the Cinq-

Cygnes and the Hauterserres, in 1839, during the electoral campaign,

he gave lodging to Maxime de Trailles, a government envoy, and to

Paradis, the count's servant. [The Member for Arcis.]

POUTIN, colonel of the Second lancers, an acquaintance of Marechal

Cottin, minister of war in 1841, to whom he told that many years

before this one of his men at Severne, having stolen money to buy his

mistress a shawl, repented of his deed and ate broken glass so as to

escape dishonor. The Prince of Wissembourg told this story to Hulot

d'Ervy, while upbraiding him for his dishonesty. [Cousin Betty.]

PRELARD (Madame), born in 1808, pretty, at first mistress of the

assassin Auguste, who was executed. She remained constantly in the

clutches of Jacques Collin, and was married by Jacqueline Collin, aunt

of the pseudo-Herrera, to the head of a Paris hardware-house on Quai

aux Fleurs, the Bouclier d'Achille. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

PREVOST (Madame), well-known florist, whose store still remains in the

Palais-Royal. Early in 1830, Frederic de Nucingen bought a ten louis

bouquet there for Esther van Gobseck. [Scenes from a Courtesan's

Life.]

PRIEUR (Madame), laundress at Angouleme, for whom Mademoiselle

Chardon, afterwards Madame David Sechard, worked. [Lost Illusions.]

PRON (Monsieur and Madame), both teachers. M. Pron taught rhetoric in

1840 at a college in Paris directed by priests. Madame Pron, born

Barniol, and therefore sister-in-law of Madame Barniol-Phellion,

succeeded Mesdemoiselles La Grave, about the same time, as director of

their young ladies' boarding-school. M. and Madame Pron lived in the

Quartier Saint-Jacques, and frequently visited the Thuilliers. [The

Middle Classes.]

PROTEZ AND CHIFFREVILLE, manufactured chemicals; sold a hundred

thousand francs' worth to the inventor, Balthazar Claes, about 1812.

[The Quest of the Absolute.] On account of their friendly relations

with Cochin, of the Treasury, all the Protezes and the Chiffrevilles

were invited to the celebrated ball given by Cesar Birotteau, Sunday,

December 17, 1818, on rue Saint Honore. [Cesar Birotteau.]

PROUST, clerk to Maitre Bordin, a Paris attorney, in November, 1806;

this fact became known a few years later by Godeschal, Oscar Husson

and Marest, when they reviewed the books of the attorneys who had been

employed in Bordin's office. [A Start in Life.]

PROVENCAL (Le), born in 1777, undoubtedly in the vicinity of Arles. A

common soldier during the wars at the close of the eighteenth century,

he took part in the expedition of General Desaix into upper Egypt.

Having been taken prisoner by the Maugrabins he escaped only to lose

himself in the desert, where he found nothing to eat but dates.

Reduced to the dangerous friendship of a female panther, he tamed her,

singularly enough, first by his thoughtless caresses, afterwards by

premeditation. He ironically named her Mignonne, as he had previously

called Virginie, one of his mistresses. Le Provencal finally killed

his pet, not without regret, having been moved to great terror by the

wild animal's fierce love. About the same time the soldier was

discoverd by some of his own company. Thirty years afterwards, an aged

ruin of the Imperial wars, his right leg gone, he was one day visiting

the menagerie of Martin the trainer, and recalled his adventure for

the delectation of the young spectator. [A Passion in the Desert.]

QUELUS (Abbe), priest of Tours or of its vicinity, called frequently

on the Chessels, neighbors of the Mortsaufs, at the beginning of the

century. [The Lily of the Valley.]

QUEVERDO, faithful steward of the immense domain of Baron de Macumer,

in Sardinia. After the defeat of the Liberals in Spain, in 1823, he

was told to look out for his master's safety. Some fishers for coral

agreed to pick him up on the coast of Andalusia and set him off at

Macumer. [Letters of Two Brides.]

QUILLET (Francois), office-boy employed by Raoul Nathan's journal on

rue Feydau, Paris, 1835. He aided his employer by lending him the name

of Francois Quillet. Raoul, in great despair, while occupying a

furnished room on rue du Mail, threw several creditors off his track

by the use of this assumed name. [A Daughter of Eve.]

RABOUILLEUSE (La), name assumed by Flore Brazier, who became in turn

Madame Jean-Jacques Rouget and Madame Philippe Bridau. (See this last

name.)

RABOURDIN (Xavier), born in 1784; his father was unknown to him. His

mother, a beautiful and fastidious woman, who lived in luxury, left

him a penniless orphan of sixteen. At this time he left the Lycee

Napoleon and became a super-numerary clerk in the Treasury Department.

He was soon promoted, becoming second head clerk at twenty-two and

head clerk at twenty-five. An unknown, but influential friend, was

responsible for this progress, and also gave him an introduction into

the home of M. Leprince, a wealthy widower, who had formerly been an

auctioneer. Rabourdin met, loved and married this man's only daughter.

Beginning with this time, when his influential friend probably died,

Rabourdin saw the end of his own rapid progress. Despite his faithful,

intelligent efforts, he occupied at forty the same position. In 1824

the death of M. Flamet de la Billardiere left open the place of

division chief. This office, to which Rabourdin had long aspired, was

given to the incapable Baudoyer, who had been at the head of a bureau,

through the influence of money and the Church. Disgusted, Rabourdin

sent in his resignation. He had been responsible for a rather

remarkable plan for executive and social reform, and this possibly

contributed to his overthrow. During his career as a minister

Rabourdin lived on rue Duphot. He had by his wife two children,

Charles, born in 1815, and a daughter, born two years later. About

1830 Rabourdin paid a visit to the Bureau of Finances, where he saw

once more his former pages, nephews of Antoine, who had retired from

service by that time. From these he learned that Colleville and

Baudoyer were tax-collectors in Paris. [The Government Clerks.] Under

the Empire he was a guest at the evening receptions given by M.

Guillaume, the cloth-dealer of rue Saint-Denis. [At the Sign of the

Cat and Racket.] Later he and his wife were invited to attend the

famous ball tendered by Cesar Birotteau, December 17, 1818. [Cesar

Birotteau.] In 1840, being still a widower, Rabourdin was one of the

directors of a proposed railway. At this time he began to lodge in a

house on the Place de la Madeleine, which had been recently bought by

the Thuilliers, whom he had known in the Bureau of Finance. [The

Middle Classes.]

RABOURDIN (Madame), born Celestine Leprince, in 1796; beautiful, tall

and of good figure; reared by an artistic mother; a painter and a good

musician; spoke many tongues and even had some knowledge of science.

She was married when very young through the instrumentality of her

father, who was then a widower. Her reception-rooms were not open to

Jean-Jacques Bixiou, but she was frequently visited by the poet

Canalis, the painter Schinner, Doctor Bianchon, who was especially

fond of her company; Lucien de Rubempre, Octave de Camps, the Comte de

Granville, the Vicomte de Fontaine, F. du Bruel, Andoche Finot,

Derville, Chatelet, then deputy; Ferdinand du Tillet, Paul de

Mannerville, and the Vicomte de Portenduere. A rival, Madame

Colleville, had dubbed Madame Rabourdin "The Celimene of rue Duphot."

Having been over-indulged by her mother, Celestine Leprince thought

herself entitled to a man of high rank. Consequently, although M.

Rabourdin pleased her, she hesitated at first about marrying him, as

she did not consider him of high enough station. This did not prevent

her loving him sincerely. Although she was very extravagant, she

remained always strictly faithful to him. By listening to the demands

of Chardin des Lupeaulx, secretary-general in the Department of

Finance, who was in love with her, she might have obtained for her

husband the position of division chief. Madame Rabourdin's reception

days were Wednesdays and Fridays. She died in 1840. [The Commission in

Lunacy. The Government Clerks.]

RABOURDIN (Charles), law-student, son of the preceding couple, born in

1815, lived from 1836 to 1838 in a house on rue Corneille, Paris.

There he became acquainted with Z. Marcas, helped him in his distress,

attended him on his death-bed, and, with Justi, a medical student, as

his only companion, followed the body of this great, but unknown man

to the beggar's grave in Montparnasse cemetery. After having told some

friends the short, but pitiful story of Z. Marcas, Charles Rabourdin,

following the advice of the deceased, left the country, and sailed

from Havre for the Malayan islands; for he had not been able to gain a

foothold in France. [Z. Marcas.]

RACQUETS (Des). (See Raquets, des.)

RAGON born about 1748; a perfumer on rue Saint-Honore, between Saint-

Roche and rue des Frondeurs, Paris, towards the close of the

eighteenth century; small man, hardly five feet tall, with a face like

a nut-cracker, self-important and known for his gallantry. He was

succeeded in his business, the "Reine des Roses," by his chief clerk,

Cesar Birotteau, after the eighteenth Brumaire. As a former perfumer

to Her Majesty Queen Marie-Antoinette, M. Ragon always showed Royalist

zeal, and, under the Republic, the Vendeans used him to communicate

between the princes and the Royalist committee of Paris. He received

at that time the Abbe de Marolles, to whom he pointed out and revealed

the person of Louis XVI.'s executioner. In 1818, being a loser in the

Nucingen speculation in Wortschin mining stock, Ragon lived with his

wife in an apartment on rue du Petit-Bourbon-Saint-Sulpice. [Cesar

Birotteau. An Episode under the Terror.]

RAGON (Madame), born Popinot; sister of Judge Popinot, wife of the

preceding, being very nearly the same age as her husband, was in 1818

"a tall slender woman of wrinkled face, sharp nose, thin lips, and the

artificial manner of a marchioness of the old line." [Cesar

Birotteau.]

RAGOULLEAU[*] (Jean-Antoine), a Parisian lawyer, whose signature the

widow Morin tried to extort. She also attempted his assassination, and

was condemned, January 11, 1812, on the evidence of a number of

witnesses, among others that of Poiret, to twenty years of hard labor.

[Father Goriot.]

[*] The real spelling of the name, as shown by some authentic papers,

is Ragouleau.

RAGUET, working boy in the establishment of Cesar Birotteau, the

perfumer, in 1818. [Cesar Birotteau.]

RAPARLIER, a Douai notary; drew up marriage contracts in 1825 for

Marguerite Claes and Emmanuel de Solis, for Felicie Claes and Pierquin

the notary, and for Gabriel Claes and Mademoiselle Conyncks. [The

Quest for the Absolute.]

RAPARLIER, a Douai auctioneer, under the Restoration; nephew of the

preceding; took an inventory at the Claes house after the death of

Madame Balthazar Claes in 1816. [The Quest of the Absolute.]

RAPP, French general, born at Colmar in 1772; died in 1821. As aide-

de-camp of the First Consul, Bonaparte, he found himself one day in

October serving near his chief at the Tuileries, when the proscribed

Corsican, Bartolomeo de Piombo, came up rather unexpectedly. Rapp, who

was suspicious of this man, as he was of all Corsicians, wished to

stay at Bonaparte's side during the interview, but the Consul good-

naturedly sent him away. [The Vendetta.] On October 13, 1806, the day

before the battle of Jena, Rapp had just made an important report to

the Emperor at the moment when Napoleon was receiving on the next

day's battlefield Mademoiselle Laurence de Cinq-Cygne and M. de

Chargeboeuf, who had come from France to ask for the pardon of the two

Hauteserres and the two Simeuses, people affected by the political

suit and condemned to hard labor. [The Gondreville Mystery.]

RAQUETS (Des), lived at Douai, of Flemish descent, and devoted to the

traditions and customs of his province; very wealthy uncle of the

notary Pierquin, his only heir, who received his inheritance towards

the close of the Restoration. [The Quest of the Absolute.]

RASTIGNAC (Chevalier de), great-uncle of Eugene de Rastignac; as vice-

admiral was commander of the "Vengeur" before 1789, and lost his

entire fortune in the service of the king, as the revolutionary

government did not wish to satisfy his demands in the adjusting of the

Compagnie des Indes affairs. [Father Goriot.]

RASTIGNAC (Baron and Baronne de) had, near Ruffec, Charente, an

estate, where they lived in the latter part of the eighteenth and the

beginning of the nineteenth centuries, and where were born to them

five children: Eugene, Laure-Rose, Agathe, Gabriel and Henri. They

were poor, and lived in close retirement, keeping a dignified silence,

and like their neighbours, the Marquis and Marquise de Pimentel,

exercised, through their connection with court circles, a strong

influence over the entire province, being invited at various times to

the home of Madame de Bargeton, at Angouleme, where they met Lucien de

Rubempre and were able to understand him. [Father Goriot. Lost

Illusions.]

RASTIGNAC (Eugene de),[*] eldest son of the Baron and Baronne de

Rastignac, born at Rastignac near Ruffec in 1797. He came to Paris in

1819 to study law; lived at first on the third floor of the Vauquer

lodging-house, rue Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve, having then some

association with Jacques Collin, called Vautrin, who was especially

interested in him and wanted him to marry Victorine Taillefer.

Rastignac became the lover of Madame de Nucingen, second daughter of

Joachim Goriot, an old vermicelli-maker, and in February, 1820, lived

on rue d'Artois in pretty apartments, rented and furnished by the

father of his mistress. Goriot died in his arms. The servant,

Christophe, and Rastignac were the only attendants in the good man's

funeral procession. At the Vauquer lodging-house he was intimate with

Horace Bianchon, a medical student. [Father Goriot.] In 1821, at the

Opera, young Rastignac made fun for the occupants of two boxes over

the provincialisms of Madame de Bargeton and Lucien de Rubempre,

"young Chardon." This led Madame d'Espard to leave the theatre with

her relative, thus publicly and in a cowardly way abandoning the

distinguished provincial. Some months later Rastignac sought the favor

of this same Lucien de Rubempre, who was by that time an influential

citizen. He agreed to act with Marsay as the poet's witness in the

duel which he fought with Michel Chrestien, in regard to Daniel

d'Arthez. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris.] At the last

masquerade ball of 1824 Rastignac found Rubempre, who had disappeared

from Paris some time before. Vautrin, recalling his memories of the

Vauquer lodging-house, urged him authoritatively to treat Lucien as a

friend. Shortly after, Rastignac became a frequenter of the sumptuous

mansion furnished by Nucingen for Esther van Gobseck on rue Saint-

Georges. Rastignac was present at Lucien de Rubempre's funeral in May,

1830. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.] About the same time the Comte

de Fontaine asked his daughter Emilie what she thought of Rastignac--

among several others--as a possible husband for her. But knowing the

relations of this youthful aspirant with Madame de Nucingen, she saved

herself by replying maliciously. [The Ball at Sceaux.] In 1828

Rastignac sought to become Madame d'Espard's lover, but was restrained

by his friend, Doctor Bianchon. [The Interdiction.] During the same

year Rastignac was treated slightingly by Madame de Listomere, because

he asked her to return a letter, which through mistake had been sent

to her, but which he had meant for Madame de Nucingen. [A Study of

Woman.] After the Revolution of July he was a guest at Mademoiselle

des Touches's evening party, where Marsay told the story of his first

love. [Another Study of Woman.] At this time he was intimate with

Raphael de Valentin, and expected to marry an Alsatian. [The Magic

Skin.] In 1832, Rastignac, having been appointed a baron, was under-

secretary of state in the department of which Marsay was the minister.

[The Secrets of a Princess.] In 1833-34, he volunteered as nurse at

the bedside of the dying minister, in the hope of being remembered in

his will. One evening about this same time he took Raoul Nathan and

Emile Blondet, whom he had met in society, to supper with him at

Very's. He then advised Nathan to profit by the advances made him by

the Comtesse Felix de Vandenesse. [A Daughter of Eve.] In 1833, at the

Princesse de Cadignan's home, in the presence of the Marquise

d'Espard, the old Ducs de Lenoncourt and de Navarreins, the Comte and

the Comtesse de Vandenesse, D'Arthez, two ambassadors, and two well-

known orators of the Chamber of Peers, Rastignac heard his minister

reveal the secrets of the abduction of Senator Malin, an affair which

took place in 1806. [The Gondreville Mystery.] In 1836, having become

enriched by the third Nucingen failure, in which he was more or less a

willing accomplice, he became possessed of an income of forty thousand

francs. [The Firm of Nucingen.] In 1838 he attended the opening

reception given at Josepha's mansion on rue de la Ville-l'Eveque. He

was also witness at Hortense Hulot's marriage to Wenceslas Steinbock.

He married Augusta de Nucingen, daughter of Delphine de Nucingen, his

former mistress, whom he had quitted five years previously. In 1839,

Rastignac, minister once more, and this time of public works, was made

count almost in spite of himself. In 1845 he was, moreover, made a

peer. He had then an income of 300,000 francs. He was in the habit of

saying: "There is no absolute virtue, all things are dependent on

circumstances." [Cousin Betty. The Member for Arcis. The Unconscious

Humorists.]

[*] In a recent publication of Monsieur S. de Lovenjoul, he speaks of

a recent abridged biography of Eugene de Rastignac.

RASTIGNAC (Laure-Rose and Agathe de),[*] sisters of Eugene de

Rastignac; second and third children of the Baron and Baronne de

Rastignac; Laure, the elder, born in 1801; Agathe, the second, born in

1802; both were reared unostentatiously in the Rastignac chateau. In

1819 they sent what they had saved by economy to their brother Eugene,

then a student. Several years after, when he was wealthy and powerful,

he married one of them to Martial de la Roche-Hugon, the other to a

minister. In 1821, Laure, with her father and mother, was present at a

reception of M. de Bargeton's, where she admired Lucien de Rubempre.

[Father Goriot. Lost Illusions.] Madame de la Roche-Hugon in 1839 took

her several daughters to a children's dance at Madame de l'Estorade's

in Paris. [The Member for Arcis.]

[*] The Mesdemoiselles de Rastignac are here placed together under

their maiden name, as it is not known which one married Martial de

la Roche-Hugon.

RASTIGNAC (Monseigneur Gabriel de), brother of Eugene de Rastignac;

one of the youngest two children of the Baron and Baronne de

Rastignac; was private secretary to the Bishop of Limoges towards the

end of the Restoration, during the trial of Tascheron. In 1832 he

became, when only a young man of thirty, a bishop. He was consecrated

by the Archbishop Dutheil. [Father Goriot. The Country Parson. A

Daughter of Eve.]

RASTIGNAC (Henri de), the fifth child, probably of the Baron de

Rastignac and his wife. Nothing is known of his life. [Father Goriot.]

RATEL, gendarme in the Orne district; in 1809, along with his fellow-

officer, Mallet, was charged with the capture of "Lady" Bryond des

Miniares, who was implicated in the affair known as the "Chauffeurs de

Mortagne." He found the fugitive, but, instead of arresting her,

allowed himself to be unduly influenced by her, and then protected her

and let her escape. This action on his part was known to Mallet.

Ratel, when imprisoned, confessed all, and committed suicide before

the time assigned for trial. [The Seamy Side of History.]

RAVENOUILLET, porter in Bixiou's house, at No. 112 rue Richelieu, in

1845; son of a Carcassonne grocer; a steward throughout his life and

owed his first position to his fellow-countryman, Massol.

Ravenouillet, although uneducated was not unintelligent. According to

Bixiou, he was the "Providence at thirty per cent" of the seventy-one

lodgers in the house, through whom he netted in the neighborhood of

six thousand francs a month. [The Unconscious Humorists.]

RAVENOUILLET (Madame), wife of the preceding. [The Unconscious

Humorists.]

RAVENOUILLET (Lucienne), daughter of the preceding couple, was in 1845

a pupil in the Paris Conservatory of Music. [The Unconscious

Humorists.]

REGNAULD (Baron) (1754-1829), celebrated artist, member of the

Institute. Joseph Bridau, when fourteen, was a frequent visitor at his

studio, in 1812-1813. [A Bachelor's Establishment.]

REGNAULT, former chief clerk to Maitre Roguin, a Paris notary; came to

Vendome in 1816 and purchased there a notaryship. He was called by

Madame de Merret to her death-bed, and was made her executor. In this

position, some years later, he urged Doctor Bianchon to respect one of

the last wishes of the deceased by discontinuing his promenades in the

Grande Breteche garden, as she had wished this property to remain

entirely unused for half a century. Maitre Regnault married a wealthy

cousin of Vendome. Regnault was tall and slender, with sloping

forehead, small pointed head and wan complexion. He frequently used

the expression, "One moment." [La Grande Breteche.]

REGNIER (Claude-Antoine), Duc de Massa, born in 1746, died 1814; an

advocate, and afterwards deputy to the Constituency; was high justice

--justice of the peace--during the celebrated trial of the Simeuses

and Hauteserres, accused of the abduction of Senator Malin. He noticed

the talent displayed by Granville for the defendants, and a little

later, having met him at Archchancelor Cambaceres's house, he took the

young barrister into his own carriage, setting him down on the Quai

des Augustins, at the young man's door, after giving him some

practical advice and assuring him of his protection. [The Gondreville

Mystery. A Second Home.]

REMONENCQ, an Auvergnat, dealer in old iron, established on rue de

Normandie, in the house in which Pons and Schmucke lived, and where

the Cibots were porters. Remonencq, who had come to Paris with the

intention of being a porter, ran errands between 1825 and 1831 for the

dealers in curiosities on Boulevard Beaumarchais and the coppersmiths

on rue de Lappe, then opened in this same quarter a small shop for

odds and ends. He lived there in sordid economy. He had been in

Sylvain Pons's house, and had fully recognized the great value of the

aged collector's treasures. His greed urged him to crime, and he

instigated Madame Cibot in her theft at the Pons house. After

receiving his share of the property, he poisoned the husband of the

portress, in order to marry the widow, with whom he established a

curiosity shop in an excellent building on the Boulevard de la

Madeleine. About 1846 he unwittingly poisoned himself with a glass of

vitriol, which he had placed near his wife. [Cousin Pons.]

REMONENCQ (Mademoiselle), sister of the preceding, "a kind of idiot

with a vacant stare, dressed like a Japanese idol." She was her

brother's house-keeper. [Cousin Pons.]

REMONENCQ (Madame), born in 1796, at one time a beautiful oyster-

woman of the "Cadran Bleu" in Paris; married for love the porter-

tailor, Cibot, in 1828, and lived with him in the porter's lodge of a

house on rue de Normandie, belonging to Claude-Joseph Pillerault. In

this house the musicians, Pons and Schmucke, lived. She busied herself

for some time with the management of the house and the cooking for

these two celibates. At first she was faithful, but finally, moved by

Remonencq, and encouraged by Fontaine, the necromancer, she robbed the

ill-fated Pons. Her husband having been poisoned, without her

knowledge, by Remonencq, she married the second-hand dealer, now a

dealer in curiosities, and proprietor of the beautiful shop on the

Boulevard de la Madeleine. She survived her second husband. [Cousin

Pons.]

REMY (Jean), peasant of Arcis-sur-Aube, against whom a neighbor lost a

lawsuit concerning a boundary line. This neighbor, who was given to

drink, used strong language in speaking against Jean Remy in a session

of the electors who had organized in the interest of Dorlange-

Sallenauve, a candidate, in the month of April, 1839. If we may

believe this neighbor, Jean Remy was a wife-beater, and had a daughter

who had obtained, through the influence of a deputy, and apparently

without any claim, an excellent tobacco-stand on rue Mouffetard. [The

Member for Arcis.]

RENARD, former captain in the Imperial army, withdrew to Issoudun

during the Restoration; one of the officers in the Faubourg de Rome,

who were hostile to the "pekins" and partisans of Maxence (Max) Gilet.

Renard and Commandant Potel were seconds for Maxence in his duel with

Philippe Bridau--a duel which resulted in the former's death. [A

Bachelor's Establishment.]

RENARD, regimental quartermaster in the cavalry, 1812. Although

educated as a notary he became an under officer. He had the face of a

girl and was considered a "wheedler." He saved the life of his friend,

Genestas, several times, but enticed away from him a Polish Jewess,

whom he loved, married in Sarmatian fashion, and left enceinte. When

fatally wounded in the battle against the Russians, just before the

battle of Lutzen, in his last hours, to Genestas, he acknowledged

having betrayed the Jewess, and begged this gentleman to marry her and

claim the child, which would soon be born. This was done by the

innocent officer. Renard was the son of a Parisian wholesale grocer, a

"toothless shark," who would not listen to anything concerning the

quartermaster's offspring. [The Country Doctor.]

RENARD (Madame). (See Genestas, Madame.)

RENARD (Adrien). (See Genestas, Adrien.)

RENE, the only servant to M. du Bousquier of Alencon, in 1816; a silly

Breton servant, who, although very greedy, was perfectly reliable.

[Jealousies of a Country Town.]

RESTAUD (Comte de), a man whose sad life was first brought to the

notice of Barchou de Penhoen, a school-mate of Dufaure and Lambert;

born about 1780; husband of Anastasie Goriot, by whom he was ruined;

died in December, 1824, while trying to adjust matters favorably for

his eldest son, Ernest, the only one of Madame de Restaud's three

children whom he recognized as his own. To this end he had pretended

that, having been very extravagant, he was greatly in debt to Gobseck.

He assured his son by another letter of the real condition of his

estate. M. de Restaud, was similar in appearance to the Duc de

Richelieu, and had the proud manners of the statesman of the

aristocratic faubourg. [Gobseck. Father Goriot.]

RESTAUD (Comtesse Anastasie de), wife of the preceding; elder daughter

of the vermicelli-maker, Jean-Joachim Goriot; a beautiful brunette of

queenly bearing and manners. Like the fair and gentle Madame de

Nucingen, her sister, she showed herself severe and ungrateful towards

the kindliest and weakest of fathers. She had three children, two boys

and a girl; Ernest, the eldest, being the only legitimate one. She

ruined herself for Trailles, her lover's benefit, selling her jewels

to Gobseck and endangering her children's future. As soon as her

husband had breathed his last, in a moment anxiously awaited, she took

from under his pillow and burned the papers which she believed

contrary to her own interests and those of her two natural children.

It thus followed that Gobseck, the fictitious creditor, gained a claim

on all of the remaining property. [Gobseck. Father Goriot.]

RESTAUD (Ernest de), eldest child of the preceding, and their only

legitimate one, as the other two were natural children of Maxime de

Trailles. In 1824, while yet a child, he received from his dying

father instruction to hand to Derville, the attorney, a sealed package

which contained his will; but Madame de Restaud, by means of her

maternal authority, kept Ernest from carrying out his promise. On

attaining his majority, after his fortune had been restored to him by

his father's fictitious creditor, Gobseck, he married Camille de

Grandlieu, who reciprocated his love for her. As a result of this

marriage Ernest de Restaud became connected with the Legitimists,

while his brother Felix, who had almost attained the position of

minister under Louis Philippe, followed the opposite party. [Gobseck.

The Member for Arcis.]

RESTAUD (Madame Ernest de), born Camille de Grandlieu in 1813,

daughter of the Vicomtesse de Grandlieu. During the first years of

Louis Philippe's reign, while very young, she fell in love with and

married Ernest de Restaud, who was then a minor. [Gobseck. The Member

for Arcis.]

RESTAUD (Felix-Georges de), one of the younger children of the Comte

and Comtesse de Restaud; probably a natural son of Maxime de Trailles.

In 1839, Felix de Restaud was chief secretary to his cousin Eugene de

Rastignac, minister of public works. [Gobseck. The Member for Arcis.]

RESTAUD (Pauline de), legal daughter of the Comte and Comtesse de

Restaud, but probably the natural daughter of Maxime de Trailles. We

know nothing of her life. [Gobseck.]

REYBERT (De), captain in the Seventh regiment of artillery under the

Empire; born in the Messin country. During the Restoration he lived in

Presles, Seine-et-Oise, with his wife and daughter, on only six

hundred francs pension. As a neighbor of Moreau, manager of the Comte

de Serizy's estate, he detected the steward in some extortions, and

sending his wife to the count, denounced the guilty man. He was chosen

as Moreau's successor. Reybert married his daughter, without

furnishing her a dowry, to the wealthy farmer Leger. [A Start in

Life.]

REYBERT (Madame de), born Corroy, in Messin, wife of the preceding,

and like him of noble family. Her face was pitted by small-pox until

it looked like a skimmer; her figure was tall and spare; her eyes were

bright and clear; she was straight as a stick; she was a strict

Puritan, and subscribed to the Courrier Francais. She paid a visit to

the Comte de Serizy, and unfolded to him Moreau's extortions, thus

obtaining for her husband the stewardship of Presles. [A Start in

Life.]

RHETORE (Duc Alphonse de), eldest son of the Duc and Duchess de

Chaulieu, he became an ambassador in the diplomatic service. For many

years during the Restoration he kept Claudine Chaffaroux, called

Tullia, the star dancing-girl at the Opera, who married Bruel in 1824.

He became acquainted with Lucien de Rubempre, both in his own circle

of acquaintance and in the world of gallantry, and entertained him one

evening in his box at a first performance at the Ambigu in 1821. He

reproached his guest for having wounded Chatelet and Madame de

Bargeton by his newspaper satire, and at the same time, while

addressing him continually as Chardon, he counseled the young man to

become a Royalist, in order that Louis XVIII. might restore to him the

title and name of Rubempres, his maternal ancestors. The Duc de

Rhetore, however, disliked Lucien de Rubempre, and a little later at a

performance in the Italiens, he traduced him to Madame de Serizy, who

was really in love with the poet. [A Bachelor's Establishment. A

Distinguished Provincial at Paris. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.

Letters of Two Brides.] In 1835, he married the Duchesse d'Argaiolo,

born the Princesse Soderini, a woman of great beauty and fortune.

[Albert Savarus.] In 1839, he had a duel with Dorlange-Sallenauve,

having provoked the latter, by speaking in a loud voice, which he knew

could be easily understood, and slandering Marie Gaston, second

husband of Dorlange's sister, Louise de Chaulieu. Dorlange was

wounded. [The Member for Arcis.]

RHETORE (Duchess de), born Francesca Soderini in 1802; a very

beautiful and wealthy Florentine; married, when very young, by her

father, to the Duc d'Argaiolo, who was also very rich and much older

than herself. In Switzerland or Italy she became acquainted with

Albert Savarus, when, as a result of political events, she and her

husband were proscribed and deprived of their property. The Duchesse

d'Argaiolo and Albert Savarus loved platonically, and Francesca-like

she promised her hand to her Francois whenever she should become a

widow. In 1835, having been widowed for some time, and, as a result of

Rosalie de Watteville's plots, believing herself forgotten and

betrayed by Savarus, from whom she had received no news, she gave her

hand to the Duc de Rhetore, the ex-ambassador. The marriage took place

in the month of May at Florence and was celebrated with much pomp. The

Duchesse d'Argaiolo is pictured under the name of the Princesse

Gandolphini in "L'Ambitieux par Amour," published in 1834 by the Revue

de l'Est. Under Louis Philippe, the Duchesse de Rhetore became

acquainted with Mademoiselle de Watteville at a charity entertainment.

On their second meeting, which took place at the Opera ball,

Mademoiselle de Watteville revealed her own ill-doings and vindicated

Savarus. [Albert Savarus.]

RICHARD (Veuve), a Nemours woman from whom Ursule Mirouet, afterwards

Vicomtesse de Portenduere, after the death of Doctor Minoret, her

guardian, purchased a house to occupy. [Ursule Mirouet.]

RIDAL (Fulgence), dramatic author; member of the Cenacle, which held

its sessions at D'Arthez's home on rue des Quatre-Vents, during the

Restoration. He disparaged Leon Giraud's beliefs, went under a

Rabelaisian guise, careless, lazy and skeptical, also inclined to be

melancholy and happy at the same time; nick-named by his friends the

"Regimental Dog." Fulgence Ridal and Joseph Bridau, with other members

of the Cenacle, were present at an evening party given by Madame Veuve

Bridau, in 1819, to celebrate the return of her son Philippe from

Texas. [A Bachelor's Establishment. A Distinguished Provincial at

Paris.] In 1845, having been a vaudevillist, he was given the

direction of a theatre in association with Lousteau. He had

influencial government friends. [The Unconscious Humorists.]

RIFFE, copying-clerk in the Financial Bureau, who had charge of the

"personnel." [The Government Clerks.]

RIFOOEL. (See Vissard, Chevalier du.)

RIGANSON, called Biffon, also Chanoine, constituted with La Biffe, his

mistress, one of the most important couples in his class of society.

When a convict he met Jacques Collin, called Vautrin, and in May,

1830, saw him once more at the Conciergerie, at the time of the

judical investigation succeeding Esther Gobseck's death. Riganson was

short of stature, fat, and with livid skin, and an eye black and

sunken. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

RIGOU (Gregoire), born in 1756; at one time a Benedictine friar. Under

the Republic he married Arsene Pichard, only heir of the rich Cure

Niseron. He became a money-lender; filled the office of mayor of

Blangy, Bourgogne, up to 1821, when he was succeeded by Montcornet. On

the arrival of the general in the country Rigou endeavored to be

friendly with him, but having been quickly slighted, he became one of

the Montcornets' most dangerous enemies, along with Gaubertin, mayor

of Ville-aux-Fayes, and Soudry, mayor of Soulanges. This triumvirate

succeeded in arousing the peasants against the owner of Aigues, and

the local citizens having become more or less opposed to him, the

general sold his property, and it fell to the three associates. Rigou

was selfish, avaricious but pleasure-loving; he looked like a condor.

His name was often the subject of a pun, and he was called Grigou (G.

Rigou--a miserly man). "Deep as a monk, silent as a Benedictine,

crafty as a priest, this man would have been a Tiberius in Rome, a

Richelieu under Louis XIII. or a Fouche under the Convention." [The

Peasantry.]

RIGOU (Madame), born Arsene Pichard, wife of the preceding, niece of a

maid named Pichard, who was house-keeper for Cure Niseron under the

Revolution, and whom she succeeded as house-keeper. She inherited,

together with her aunt, some money from a wealthy priest. She was

known while young by the name of La Belle Arsene. She had great

influence over the cure, although she could neither read nor write.

After her marriage with Rigou, she became the old Benedictine's slave.

She lost her Rubens-like freshness, her magical figure, her beautiful

teeth and the lustre of her eyes when she gave birth to her daughter,

who eventually became the wife of Soudry (fils). Madame Rigou quietly

bore the continued infidelity of her husband, who always had pretty

maids in his household. [The Peasantry.]

RIVAUDOULT D'ARSCHOOT, of the Dulmen branch of a noted family of

Galicia or Russie-Rouge; heirs, through their grandfather, to this

family, and also, in default of the direct heirs, successors to the

titles. [The Thirteen.]

RIVET (Achille), maker of lace and embroidery on rue des Mauvaises-

Paroles, in the old Langeais house, built by the illustrious family at

the time when the greatest lords were clustered around the Louvre. In

1815 he succeeded the Pons Brothers, embroiderers to the Court, and

was judge in the tribunal of commerce. He employed Lisbeth Fischer,

and, despite their quarrel, rendered this spinster some service.

Achille Rivet worshiped Louis Philippe, who was to him the "noble

representative of the class out of which he constructed his dynasty."

He loved the Poles less, at the time they were preventing European

equilibrium. He was willing to aid Cousin Betty in the revenge against

Wenceslas, which she once contemplated, as a result of her jealousy.

[Cousin Betty. Cousin Pons.]

ROBERT, a Paris restaurant-keeper, near Frascati. Early in 1822 he

furnished a banquet lasting nine hours, at the time of the founding of

the Royalist journal, the "Reveil." Theodore Gaillard and Hector

Merlin, founders of the paper, Nathan and Lucien de Rubempre,

Martainville, Auger, Destains and many authors who "were responsible

for monarchy and religion," were present. "We have enjoyed an

excellent monarchical and religious feast!" said one of the best known

romanticists as he stood on the threshold. This sentence became famous

and appeared the next morning in the "Miroir." Its repetition was

wrongly attributed to Rubempre, although it had been reported by a

book-seller who had been invited to the repast. [A Distinguished

Provincial at Paris.]

ROCHEFIDE (Marquis Arthur de), one of the later nobility; married

through his father's instrumentality, in 1828, Beatrix de Casteran, a

descendant of the more ancient nobility. His father thought that by

doing this his son would obtain an appointment to the peerage, an

honor which he himself had vainly sought. The Comtesse de Montcornet

was interested in this marriage. Arthur de Rochefide served in the

Royal Guards. He was a handsome man, but not especially worthy. He

spent much of his time at his toilet, and it was known that he wore a

corset. He was everybody's friend, as he joined in with the opinions

and extravagances of everybody. His favorite amusement was horse-

racing, and he supported a journal devoted to the subject of horses.

Having been deserted by his wife, he mourned without becoming the

object of ridicule, and passed for a "jolly, good fellow." Made rich

by the death of his father and of his elder sister, who was the wife

of D'Ajuda-Pinto, he inherited, among other things, a splendid mansion

on rue d'Anjou-Saint-Honore. He slept and ate there only occasionally

and was very happy at not having the marital obligations and expense

customary with married men. At heart he was so well satisfied at

having been deserted by his wife, that he said to his friends, "I was

born lucky." For a long time he supported Madame Schontz, and then

they lived together maritally. She reared his legitimate son as

carefully as though he were her own child. After 1840 she married Du

Ronceret, and Arthur de Rochefide was rejoined by his wife. He soon

communicated to her a peculiar disease, which Madame Schontz, angered

at having been abandoned, had given to him, as well as to Baron

Calyste du Guenic. [Beatrix.] In 1838, Rochefide was present at the

house-warming given by Josepha in her mansion on rue de la Ville-

l'Eveque. [Cousin Betty.]

ROCHEFIDE (Marquise de), wife of the preceding, younger daughter of

the Marquis de Casteran; born Beatrix-Maximilienne-Rose de Casteran,

about 1808, in the Casteran Castle, department of Orne. After being

reared there she became the wife of the Marquis of Rochefide in 1828.

She was fair of skin, but a flighty vain coquette, without heart or

brains--a second Madame d'Espard, except for her lack of intelligence.

About 1832 she left her husband to flee into Italy with the musician,

Gennaro Conti, whom she took from her friend, Mademoiselle des

Touches. Finally she allowed Calyste du Guenic to pay her court. She

had met him also at her friend's house, and at first resisted the

young man. Afterwards, when he was married, she abandoned herself to

him. This liaison filled Madame du Guenic with despair, but was ended

after 1840 by the crafty manoeuvres of the Abbe Brossette. Madame de

Rochefide then rejoined her husband in the elegant mansion on rue

d'Anjou-Saint-Honore, but not until she had retired with him to

Nogent-sur-Marne, to care for her health which had been injured during

the resumption of marital relations. Before this reconciliation she

lived in Paris on rue de Chartres-du-Roule, near Monceau Park. The

Marquise de Rochefide had, by her husband, a son, who was for some

time under the care of Madame Schontz. [Beatrix. The Secrets of a

Princess.] In 1834, in the presence of Madame Felix de Vandenesse,

then in love with the poet Nathan, the Marquise Charles de Vandenesse,

sister-in-law of Madame Felix, Lady Dudley, Mademoiselle des Touches,

the Marquise d'Espard, Madame Moina de Saint Hereen and Madame de

Rochefide expressed their ideas on love and marriage. "Love is

heaven," said Lady Dudley. "It is hell!" cried Mademoiselle des

Touches. "But it is a hell where there is love," replied Madame de

Rochefide. "There is often more pleasure in suffering than in

happiness; remember the martyrs!" [A Daughter of Eve.] The history of

Sarrasine was told her about 1830. The marquise was acquainted with

the Lantys, and at their house saw the strange Zambinella.

[Sarrasine.] One afternon, in the year 1836 or 1837, in her house on

rue des Chartres, Madame de Rochefide heard the story of the "Prince

of Bohemia" told by Nathan. After this narrative she became wild over

La Palferine. [A Prince of Bohemia.]

ROCHEGUDE (Marquis de), an old man in 1821, possessing an income of

six hundred thousand francs, offered a brougham at this time to

Coralie, who was proud of having refused it, being "an artist, and not

a prostitute." [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris.] This Rochegude

was apparently a Rochefide. The change of names and confusion of

families was corrected eventually by law.

RODOLPHE, natural son of an intelligent and charming Parisian and of a

Barbancon gentleman who died before he was able to arrange

satisfactorily for his sweetheart. Rodolphe was a fictitious character

in "L'Ambitieux par Amour," by Albert Savarus in the "Revue de l'Est"

in 1834, where, under this assumed name, he recounted his own

adventures. [Albert Savarus.]

ROGER, general, minister and director of personnel in the War

Department in 1841. For thirty years a comrade of Baron Hulot. At this

time he enlightened his friend on the administrative situation, which

was seriously endangered at the time he asked for an appointment for

his sub-chief, Marneffe. This advancement was not merited, but became

possible through the dismissal of Coquet, the chief of bureau. [Cousin

Betty.]

ROGRON, Provins tavern-keeper in the last half of the eighteenth

century and the beginning of the nineteenth. He was at first a carter,

and married the daughter of M. Auffray, a Provins grocer, by his first

wife. When his father-in-law died, Rogron bought his house from the

widow for a song, retired from business and lived there with his wife.

He possessed about two thousand francs in rentals, obtained from

twenty-seven pieces of land and the interest on the twenty thousand

francs raised by the sale of his tavern. Having become in his old age

a selfish, avaricious drunkard and shrewd as a Swiss tavern-keeper, he

reared coarsely and without affection the two children, Sylvie and

Jerome-Denis, whom he had by his wife. He died, in 1822, a widower.

[Pierrette.]

ROGRON (Madame), wife of the preceding; daughter, by his first wife,

of M. Auffray, a Provins grocer; paternal aunt of Madame Lorrain, the

mother of Pierrette; born in 1743; very homely; married at the age of

sixteen; left her husband a widower. [Pierrette.]

ROGRON (Sylvie), elder child of the preceding; born between 1780 and

1785 at Provins; sent to the country to be nursed. When thirteen years

old she was placed in a store on rue Saint-Denis, Paris. When twenty

years old she was second clerk in a silk-store, the Ver Chinois, and

towards the end of 1815, bought with her own savings and those of her

brother the property of the Soeur de Famille, one of the best retail

haberdasher's establishments and then kept by Madame Guenee. Sylvie

and Jerome-Denis, partners in this establishment, retired to Provins

in 1823. They lived there in their father's house, he having been dead

several months, and received their cousin, the young Pierrette

Lorrain, a fatherless and motherless child of a delicate nature, whom

they treated harshly, and who died as a result of the brutal treatment

of Sylvie, an envious spinster. This woman had been sought in

marriage, on account of her dowry, by Colonel Gouraud, and she

believed herself deserted by him for Pierrette. [Pierrette.]

ROGRON (Jerome-Denis), two years younger than his sister Sylvie, and

like her sent to Paris by his father. When very young he entered the

establishment of one of the leading haberdashers on rue Saint-Denis,

the firm of Guepin at the Trois Quenouilles. He became first clerk

there at eighteen. Finally associated with Sylvie in the haberdasher's

establishment, the Soeur de Famille, he withdrew with her in 1823 to

Provins. Jerome-Denis Rogron was ignorant and did not amount to much,

but depended on his sister in everything, for Sylvie had "good sense

and was sharp at a bargain." He allowed his sister to maltreat

Pierrette Lorrain, and, when called before the Provins court as

responsible for the young girl's death, was acquitted. In his little

city, Rogron, through the influence of the attorney, Vinet, opposed

the government of Charles X. After 1830 he was appointed receiver-

general. The former Liberal, who was one of the masses, said that

Louis Philippe would not be a real king until he could create

noblemen. In 1828, although homely and unintelligent, he married the

beautiful Bathilde de Chargeboeuf, who inspired in him an old man's

foolish passion. [Pierrette.]

ROGRON (Madame Denis), born Bathilde de Chargeboeuf, about 1803, one

of the most beautiful young girls of Troyes, poor but noble and

ambitious. Her relative, Vinet the attorney, had made "a little

Catherine de Medicis" of her, and married her to Denis Rogron. Some

years after this marriage she desired to become a widow as soon as

possible, so that she might marry General Marquis de Montriveau, a

peer of France, who was very attentive to her. Montriveau controlled

the department in which Rogron had a receivership. [Pierrette.]

ROGUIN, born in 1761; for twenty-five years a Paris notary, tall and

heavy; black hair and high forehead; of somewhat distinguished

appearance; affected with ozoena. This affection caused his ruin, for,

having married the only daughter of the banker, Chevrel, he disgusted

his wife very soon, and she was untrue to him. On the other hand, he

had paid mistresses, and kept and was fleeced by Sarah van Gobseck--

"La Belle Hollandaise"--mother of Esther. He had met her about 1815.

In 1818 and 1819 Roguin, seriously compromised by careless financial

ventures as well as by dissipation, disappeared from Paris; and thus

brought about the ruin of Guillaume Grandet, Cesar Birotteau, and

Mesdames Descoings and Bridau. [Cesar Birotteau. Eugenie Grandet. A

Bachelor's Establishment.] Roguin had by his wife a daughter, whom he

married to the president of the Provins tribunal. She was called in

that city "the beautiful Madame Tiphaine." [Pierrette.] In 1816 he

made, for Ginevra di Piombo, a respectful request of her father that

he would allow his daughter to marry Luigi Porta, an enemy of the

family. [The Vendetta.]

ROGUIN (Madame), born Chevrel between the years 1770 and 1780; only

daughter of Chevrel, the banker; wife of the preceding; cousin of

Madame Guillaume of The Cat and Racket, and fifteen years her junior;

aided her relative's daughter, Augustine, in her love affair with the

painter, Sommervieux; pretty and coquettish; for a long time the

mistress of Tillet, the banker; was present with her husband at the

famous ball given by Cesar Birotteau, December 17, 1818. She had a

country-house at Nogent-sur-Marne, in which she lived with her lover

after Roguin's departure. [Cesar Birotteau. At the Sign of the Cat and

Racket. Pierrette.] In 1815 Caroline Crochard, then an embroiderer,

worked for Madame Roguin, who made her wait for her wages. [A Second

Home.] In 1834 and 1835 Madame Roguin, then more than fifty years of

age, still posed as young and dominated Du Tillet, who was married to

the charming Marie-Eugenie de Granville. [A Daughter of Eve.]

ROGUIN (Mathilde-Melanie). (See Tiphaine, Madame.)

ROMETTE (La). (See Paccard, Jeromette.)

RONCERET (Du), president of the Alencon tribunal under the

Restoration; was then a tall man, very thin, with forehead sloping

back to his thin chestnut hair; eyes of different colors, and

compressed lips. Not having been courted by the nobility, he turned

his attention to the middle classes, and then in the suit against

Victurnien d'Esgrignon, charged with forgery, he immediately took part

in the prosecution. That a preliminary trial might be avoided he kept

away from Alencon, but a judgment which acquitted Victurnien was

rendered during his absence. M. du Ronceret, in Machiavelli fashion,

manoeuvred to gain for his son Fabien the hand of a wealthy heiress of

the city, Mademoiselle Blandureau, who had also been sought by Judge

Blondet for his son Joseph. In this contest the judge won over his

chief. [Jealousies of a Country Town.] M. du Ronceret died in 1837,

while holding the presidency of chamber at the Royal Court of Caen.

The Du Roncerets, ennobled under Louis XV., had arms bearing the word

"Servir" as a motto and a squire's helmet. [Beatrix.]

RONCERET (Madame du), wife of the preceding, tall and ill-formed; of

serious disposition; dressed herself in the most absurd costumes of

gorgeous colors; spent much time at her toilet, and never went to a

ball without first decorating her head with a turban, such as the

English were then wearing. Madame du Ronceret received each week, and

each quarter gave a great three-course dinner, which was spoken of in

Alencon, for the president then endeavored, with his miserly

abundance, to compete with M. du Bousquier's elegance. In the

Victurnien d'Esgrignon affair, Madame du Ronceret, at the instigation

of her husband, urged the deputy, Sauvages, to work against the young

nobleman. [Jealousies of a Country Town.]

RONCERET (Fabien-Felicien du), or Duronceret, son of the preceding

couple; born about 1802, educated at Alencon; was here the companion

in dissipation of Victurnien d'Esgrignon, whose evil nature he

stimulated at M. du Bousquier's instigation. [Jealousies of a Country

Town.] At first a judge in Alencon, Du Ronceret resigned after the

death of his father and went to Paris in 1838, with the intention of

pushing himself into notice by first causing an uproar. He became

acquainted in Bohemian circles where he was called "The Heir," on

account of some prodigalities. Having made the acquaintance of

Couture, the journalist, he was presented by him to Madame Schontz, a

popular courtesan of the day, and became his successor in an elegantly

furnished establishment in a first floor on rue Blanche. He there

began as vice-president of a horticultural society. After an opening

session, during which he delivered an address which he had paid

Lousteau five hundred francs to compose, and where he made himself

noticed by a flower given him by Judge Blondet, he was decorated.

Later he married Madame Schontz, who wished to enter middle-class

society. Ronceret expected, with her influence, to become president of

the court and officer of the Legion of Honor [Beatrix.] While

purchasing a shawl for his wife at M. Fritot's, in company with

Bixiou, Fabien du Ronceret was present about 1844 at the comedy which

took place when the Selim shawl was sold to Mistress Noswell.

[Gaudissart II.]

RONCERET (Madame Fabien du), born Josephine Schiltz in 1805, wife of

the preceding, daughter of a colonel under the Empire; fatherless and

motherless, at nine years of age she was sent to Saint-Denis by

Napoleon in 1814, and remained in that educational institution, as

assistant-mistress, until 1827. At this time Josephine Schiltz, who

was a god-child of the Empress, began the adventurous life of a

courtesan, after the example of some of her companions who were, like

her, at the end of their patience. She now changed her name from

Schiltz to Schontz, and she was also known under the assumed name of

Little Aurelie. Animated, intelligent and pretty, after having

sacrificed herself to true love, after having known "some poor but

dishonorable writers," after having tried intimacy with several rich

simpletons, she was met in a day of distress, at Valentino Mussard's,

by Arthur de Rochefide, who loved her madly. Having been abandoned by

his wife for two years, he lived with her in free union. This evil

state of affairs existed until the time when Josephine Schiltz was

married by Fabien du Ronceret. In order to have revenge on the Marquis

de Rochefide for abandoning her, she gave him a peculiar disease,

which she had made Fabien du Ronceret contract, and which also was

conveyed to Calyste du Guenic. During her life as a courtesan, her

rivals were Suzanne de Val-Noble, Fanny Beaupre, Mariette, Antonia,

and Florine. She was intimate with Finot, Nathan, Claude Vignon, to

whom she probably owed her critical mind, Bixiou, Leon de Lora, Victor

de Vernisset, La Palferine, Gobeneim, Vermanton the cynical

philosphoer, etc. She even hoped to marry one of these. In 1836 she

lived on rue Flechier, and was the mistress of Lousteau, to whom she

wished to marry Felicie Cardot, the notary's daughter. Later she

belonged to Stidmann. In 1838 she was present at Josepha's house-

warming on rue de la Ville-l'Eveque. In 1840, at the first performance

at the Ambigu, she met Madame de la Baudraye, then Lousteau's

mistress. Josephine Schiltz finally became the wife of President du

Ronceret. [Beatrix. The Muse of the Department. Cousin Betty. The

Unconscious Humorists.]

RONQUEROLLES (Marquis de), brother of Madame de Serizy; uncle of the

Comtesse Laginska; one of "The Thirteen," and one of the most

efficient governmental diplomats under Louis Philippe; next to the

Prince de Talleyrand the shrewdest ambassador; was of great service to

Marsay during his service as a minister; was sent to Russia in 1838 on

a secret mission. Having lost his two children during the cholera

scourge of 1832, he was left without a direct heir. He had been a

deputy on the Right Centre under the Restoration, representing a

department in Bourgogne, where he was proprietor of a forest and of a

castle next to the Aigues in the commune of Blangy. When Gaubertin,

the steward, was discharged by the Comte de Montcornet, Soudry spoke

as follows: "Patience! We have Messieurs de Soulanges and de

Ronquerolles." [The Imaginary Mistress. The Peasantry. Ursule

Mirouet.] M. de Ronquerolles was an intimate friend of the Marquis

d'Aiglemont; they even addressed each other familiarly as /thou/

instead of /you/. [A Woman of Thirty.] He alone knew of Marsay's first

love and the name of "Charlotte's" husband. [Another Study of Woman.]

In 1820 the Marquis de Ronquerolles, while at a ball at the Elysee-

Bourbon, in the Duchesse de Berri's house, provoked Auguste de

Maulincour, of whom Ferragus Bourignard had complained, to a duel.

Also, as a result of his membership in the Thirteen, Ronquerolles,

along with Marsay, helped General de Montriveau abduct the Duchesse de

Langeais from the convent of bare-footed Carmelites, where she had

taken refuge. [The Thirteen.] In 1839 he was M. de Rhetore's second in

a duel fought with Dorlange-Sallenauve, the sculptor, in connection

with Marie Gaston. [The Member for Arcis.]

ROSALIE, rosy-cheeked and buxom, waiting-maid to Madame de Merret at

Vendome; then, after the death of her mistress, servant employed by

Madame Lepas, tavern-keeper in that town. She finally told Horace

Bianchon the drama of La Grande Breteche and the misfortunes of the

Merrets. [La Grande Breteche.]

ROSALIE, chambermaid to Madame Moreau at Presles in 1822. [A Start in

Life.]

ROSE, maid in the service of Armande-Louise-Marie de Chaulieu in 1823,

at the time when this young lady, having left the Carmelites of Blois,

came to live with her father on the Boulevard des Invalides in Paris.

[Letters of Two Brides.]

ROSINA, an Italian from Messina, wife of a Piedmont gentleman, who was

captain in the French army under the Empire; mistress of her husband's

colonel. She died with her lover near Beresina in 1812, her jealous

husband having set fire to the hut which she and the colonel were

occupying. [Another Study of Woman.]

ROUBAUD, born about 1803 was declared doctor by the Paris medical

school, a pupil of Desplein; practiced medicine at Montegnac, Haute-

Vienne, under Louis Philippe, small man of fair skin and very insipid

appearance, but with gray eyes which betrayed the depth of a

physiologist and the tenacity of a student. Roubaud was introduced to

Madame Graslin by the Cure Bonnet, who was in despair at Roubaud's

religious indifference. The young physician admired and secretly loved

this celebrated Limousinese, and became converted suddenly to

Catholicism on seeing the saintly death of Madame Graslin. When dying

she made him head-physician in a hospital founded by her at the

Tascherons near Montegnac. [The Country Parson.]

ROUGET (Doctor), an Issoudun physician under Louis XVI. and the

Republic; born in 1737; died in 1805; married the most beautiful girl

of the city, whom, it is said, he made very unhappy. He had by her two

children: a son, Jean-Jacques; and, ten years later, a daughter,

Agathe, who became Madame Bridau. The birth of this daughter brought

about a rupture between the doctor and his intimate friend, the sub-

delegate Lousteau, whom Rouget, doubtless wrongly, accused of being

the girl's father. Each of these men charged the other with being the

father of Maxence Gilet, who was in reality the son of a dragoon

officer, stationed at Bourges. Doctor Rouget, who passed for a very

disagreeable, unaccommodating man, was selfish and spiteful. He

quickly got rid of his daughter, whom he hated. After his wife, his

mother-in-law and his father-in-law had died, he was very rich, and

although his life was apparently regular and free from scandal, he was

in reality very dissipated. In 1799, filled with admiration for the

beauty of the little Rabouilleuse, Flore Brazier, he received her into

his own home, where she stayed, becoming first the mistress, and

afterwards the wife of his son, Jean-Jacques, and eventually Madame

Philippe Bridau, Comtesse de Bramboug. [A Bachelor's Establishment.]

ROUGET (Madame), born Descoings, wife of the preceding, daughter of

rich and avaricous wool-dealers at Issoudun, elder sister of the

grocer, Descoings, who married the widow of M. Bixiou and afterwards

died with Andre Chenier, July 25, 1794, on the scaffold. As a young

woman, although in very poor health, she was celebrated for her

beauty. Not being gifted with a very sound intellect, when married it

was thought that she was very badly treated by Doctor Rouget. Her

husband believed that she was unfaithful to him for the sake of the

sub-delegate, Lousteau. Madame Rouget, deprived of her dearly-beloved

daughter, and finding her son lacking altogether in affection for her,

declined rapidly and died early in 1799, unwept by her husband, who

had counted correctly on her early death. [A Bachelor's

Establishment.]

ROUGET (Jean-Jacques), born at Issoudun in 1768, son of the preceding

couple, brother of Madame Bridau, who was ten years his junior.

Entirely lacking in intellect, he became wildly in love with Flore

Brazier, whom he knew as a child in his father's house. He made this

girl his servant-mistress soon after the doctor's death, and allowed

her lover, Maxence Gilet, near her. He finally married her in 1823,

being urged to do so by his nephew, Philippe Bridau, who soon took

Rouget to Paris, and there arranged for the old man's early death by

starting him into dissipation. [A Bachelor's Establishment.] After the

death of J.-J. Rouget, the Baudrayes of Sancerre bought part of his

furniture, and had it removed from Issoudun to Anzy, where they placed

it in their castle, which had formerly belonged to the Cadignans. [The

Muse of the Department.]

ROUGET (Madame Jean-Jacques). (See Bridau, Madame Philippe.)

ROUSSE (La), significant name given Madame Prelard. (See this last

name.)

ROUSSEAU, driver of the public hack which carried the taxes collected

at Caen. This conveyance was attacked and plundered by robbers in May,

1809, in the forest of Chesnay, near Mortagne, Orne. Rousseau, being

looked upon as an accomplice of the robbers, was included in the

prosecution which took place soon after; but he was acquitted. [The

Seamy Side of History.]

ROUSTAN, Mameluke, in the service of Napoleon Bonaparte. He was with

his master on the eve of the battle of Jena, October 13, 1806, when

Laurence de Cinq-Cygne and M. de Chargeboeuf observed him holding the

Emperor's horse as Napoleon dismounted. This was just before these two

approached the Emperor to ask pardon for the Hauteserres and the

Simeuses, who had been condemned as accomplices in the abduction of

Senator Malin. [The Gondreville Mystery.]

ROUVILLE (de), (See Leseigneur, Madame.)

ROUVRE (Marquis du), father of the Comtesse Clementine Laginska; threw

away a considerable fortune, by means of which he had brought about

his marriage with a Ronquerolles maiden. This fortune was partly eaten

up by Florine, "one of the most charming actresses of Paris." [The

Imaginary Mistress.] M. du Rouvre was the brother-in-law of the Comte

de Serizy, who, like him, had married a Ronquerolles. Having been a

marquis under the old regime, M. du Rouvre was created count and made

chamberlain by the Emperor. [A Start in Life.] In 1829, M. du Rouvre,

then ruined, lived at Nemours. He had near this city a castle which he

sold at great loss to Minoret-Levrault. [Ursule Mirouet.]

ROUVRE (Chevalier du), younger brother of the Marquis du Rouvre; an

eccentric old bachelor, who became wealthy by dealing in houses and

real estate, and is supposed to have left his fortune to his niece,

the Comtesse Clementine Laginska. [The Imaginary Mistress. Ursule

Mirouet.]

ROUZEAU, an Angouleme printer, predecessor and master of Jerome-

Nicolas Sechard, in the eighteenth century. [Lost Illusions.]

RUBEMPRE (Lucien-Chardon de), born in 1800 at Angouleme; son of

Chardon, a surgeon in the armies of the Republic who became an

apothecary in that town, and of Mademoiselle de Rubempre, his wife,

the descendant of a very noble family. He was a journalist, poet,

romance writer, author of "Les Marguerites," a book of sonnets, and of

the "Archer de Charles IX.," a historical romance. He shone for a time

in the salon of Madame de Bargeton, born Marie-Louise-Anais de

Negrepelisse, who became enamored of him, enticed him to Paris, and

there deserted him, at the instigation of her cousin, Madame d'Espard.

He met the members of the Cenacle on rue des Quatre-Vents, and became

well acquainted with D'Arthez. Etienne Lousteau, who revealed to him

the shameful truth concerning literary life, introduced him to the

well-known publisher, Dauriat, and escorted him to an opening night at

the Panorama-Dramatique theatre, where the poet saw the charming

Coralie. She loved him at first sight, and he remained true to her

until her death in 1822. Started by Lousteau into undertaking Liberal

journalism, Lucien de Rubempre passed over suddenly to the Royalist

side, founding the "Reveil," an extremely partisan organ, with the

hope of obtaining from the King the right to adopt the name of his

mother. At this time he frequented the social world and thus brought

to poverty his mistress. He was wounded in a duel by Michel Chrestien,

whom he had made angry by an article in the "Reveil," which had

severely criticised a very excellent book by Daniel d'Arthez. Coralie

having died, he departed for Angouleme on foot, with no resources

except twenty francs that Berenice, the cousin and servant of her

mistress, had received from chance lovers. He came near dying of

exhaustion and sorrow, very near the city of his birth. He found there

Madame de Bargeton, then the wife of Comte Sixte du Chatelet, prefect

of Charente and a state councilor. Despite the warm reception given

him, first by a laudatory article in a local newspaper, and next by a

serenade from his young fellow-citizens, he left Angouleme hastily,

desperate at having been responsible for the ruin of his brother-in-

law, David Sechard, and contemplating suicide. While walking along he

chanced upon Canon Carlos Herrera (Jacques Collin--Vautrin), who took

him to Paris and became the guardian of his future career. In 1824,

while passing an evening at the theatre Porte-Saint-Martin, Rubempre

became acquainted with Esther Van Gobseck, called La Torpille, a

courtesan. They were both seized at once with a violent love. A little

later, at the last Opera ball of the winter of 1824, they would have

compromised their security and pleasure if it had not been for the

interference of Jacques Collin, called Vautrin, and if Lucien had not

denied certain people the pleasure of satisfying their ill-willed

curiosity, by agreeing to take supper at Lointier's.[*] Lucien de

Rubempre sought to become the son-in-law of the Grandlieus; he was

welcomed by the Rabourdins; he became the protector of Savinien de

Portenduere; he became the lover of Mmes. Maufrigneuse and Serizy, and

the beloved of Lydie Peyrade. His life of ambition and of pleasure

ended in the Conciergerie, where he was imprisoned unjustly, charged

with robbing and murdering Esther, or with being an accomplice. He

hanged himself while in prison, May 15, 1830. [Lost Illusions. A

Distinguished Provincial at Paris. The Government Clerks. Ursule

Mirouet. Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.] Lucien de Rubempre lived in

turn in Paris at the Hotel du Gaillard-Bois, rue de l'Echelle, in a

room in the Quartier Latin, in the Hotel de Cluny on the street of the

same name, in a lodging-house on rue Charlot, in another on rue de la

Lune in company with Coralie, in a little apartment on rue Cassette

with Jacques Collin, who followed him at least to one of his two

houses on the Quai Malaquais and on rue Taitbout, the former home of

Beaudenord and of Caroline de Bellefeuille. He is buried in Pere-

Lachaise in a costly tomb which contains also the body of Esther

Gobseck, and in which there is a place reserved for Jacques Collin. A

series of articles, sharp and pointed, on Rubempre is entitled "Les

Passants de Paris."

[*] The Lointier restaurant, on rue Richelieu, opposite rue de la

Bourse, was very popular about 1846 with the "four hundred."

RUFFARD, called Arrachelaine, a robber and at the same time employed

by Bibi-Lupin, chief of secret police in 1830; connected, with Godet,

in the assassination of the Crottats, husband and wife, committed by

Dannepont, called La Pouraille. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

RUFFIN, born in 1815, the instructor of Francis Graslin after 1840.

Ruffin was a professional teacher, and was possessed of a wonderful

amount of information. His extreme tenderness "did not exclude from

his nature the severity necessary on the part of one who wishes to

govern a child." He was of pleasing appearance, known for his patience

and piety. He was taken to Madame Graslin from his diocese by the

Archbishop Dutheil, and had, for at least nine years, the direction of

the young man who had been put in his charge. [The Country Parson.]

RUSTICOLI. (See La Palferine.)

SABATIER, police-agent; Corentin regretted not having had his

assistance in the search with Peyrade, at Gondreville, in 1803. [The

Gondreville Mystery.]

SABATIER (Madame), born in 1809. She formerly sold slippers in the

trade gallery of the Palais de Justice, in Paris; widow of a man who

killed himself by excessive drinking, became a trained nurse, and

married a man whom she had nursed and had cured of an affection of the

urinary ducts ("lurinary," according to Madame Cibot), and by whom she

had a fine child. She lived in rue Barre-du-Bec. Madame Bordevin, a

relative, wife of a butcher of the rue Charlot, was god-mother of the

child. [Cousin Pons.]

SAGREDO, a very wealthy Venetian senator, born in 1730, husband of

Bianca Vendramini; was strangled, in 1760, by Facino Cane, whom he had

found with Bianca, conversing on the subject of love, but in an

entirely innocent way. [Facino Cane.]

SAGREDA (Bianca), wife of the preceding, born Vendramini, about 1742;

in 1760, she undeservingly incurred the suspicion, in the eyes of her

husband, of criminal relations with Facino Cane, and was unwilling to

follow her platonic friend away from Venice after the murder of

Sagredo. [Facino Cane.]

SAILLARD, a clerk of mediocre talent in the Department of Finance,

during the reigns of Louis XVIII. and of Charles X.; formerly book-

keeper at the Treasury, where he is believed to have succeeded the

elder Poiret;[*] he was afterwards appointed chief cashier, and held

that position a long while. Saillard married Mademoiselle Bidault, a

daughter of a furniture merchant, whose establishment was under the

pillars of the Paris market, and a niece of the bill-discounter on rue

Greneta; he had by her a daughter, Elisabeth, who became by marriage

Madame Isidore Baudoyer; owned an old mansion on Place Royale, where

he lived together with the family of Isidore Baudoyer; he became mayor

of his ward during the monarchy of July, and renewed then his

acquaintance with his old comrades of the department, the Minards and

the Thuilliers. [The Government Clerks. The Middle Classes.]

[*] The Compilers subsequently dispute this.

SAILLARD (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Bidault, in 1767; niece

of the bill-discounter called Gigonnet; was the leading spirit of the

household on Place Royale, and, above all, the counselor of her

husband; she reared her daughter Elisabeth, who became Madame

Baudoyer, very strictly. [Cesar Birotteau. The Government Clerks.]

SAIN, shared with Augustin the sceptre of miniature painting under the

Empire. In 1809, before the Wagram campaign, he painted a miniature of

Montcornet, then young and handsome; this painting passed from the

hands of Madame Fortin, mistress of the future marshal, to the hands

of their daughter, Madame Valerie Crevel (formerly Marneffe). [Cousin

Betty.]

SAINT-DENIS (De), assumed name of the police-agent, Corentin.

SAINTE-BEAUVE (Charles-Augustin), born at Boulogne-sur-Mer in 1805;

died in Paris in 1869; an academician and senator under the Second

Empire. An illustrious Frenchman of letters whom Raoul Nathan imitated

poorly enough before Beatrix de Rochefide in his account of the

adventures of Charles-Edouard Rusticoli de la Palferine. [A Prince of

Bohemia.]

SAINTE-SEVERE (Madame de), cousin to Gaston de Nueil, lived in Bayeux,

where she received, in 1822, her young kinsman, just convalescing from

some inflammatory disorder caused by excess in study or in pleasure.

[The Deserted Woman.]

SAINT-ESTEVE (De), name of Jacques Collin as chief of the secret

police.

SAINT-ESTEVE (Madame de), an assumed name, shared by Madame Jacqueline

Collin and Madame Nourrisson.

SAINT-FOUDRILLE (De), a "brilliant scholar," lived in Paris, and most

likely in the Saint-Jacques district, at least about 1840, the time

when Thuillier wished to know him. [The Middle Classes.]

SAINT-FOUDRILLE (Madame de), wife of the preceding, received, about

1840, a very attentive visit from the Thuillier family. [The Middle

Classes.]

SAINT-GEORGES (Chevalier de), 1745-1801, a mulatto, of superb figure

and features, son of a former general; captain of the guards of the

Duc d'Orleans; served with distinction under Dumouriez; arrested in

1794 on suspicion, and released after the 9th Thermidor; he became

distinguished in the pleasing art of music, and especially in the art

of fencing. The Chevalier de Saint-Georges traded at the Cat and

Racket on the rue Saint-Denis, but did not pay his debts. Monsieur

Guillaume had obtained a judgment of the consular government against

him. [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket.] Later he was made popular by

a production of a comedie-vaudeville of Roger de Beauvoir, at the

Varietees under Louis Philippe, with the comedian Lafont[*] as

interpreter.

[*] Complimented in 1836, at the chateau of Madame de la Baudraye, by

Etienne Lousteau and Horace Bianchon.

SAINT-GERMAIN (De), one of the assumed names of police-agent Peyrade.

SAINT-HEREEN (Comte de), husband of Moina d'Aiglemont, was heir of one

of the most illustrious houses of France. He lived with his wife and

mother-in-law in a house belonging to the former, on the rue Plumet

(now rue Oudinot), adjoining the Boulevard des Invalides; about the

middle of December, 1843, he left this house alone to go on a

political mission; during this time his wife received too willingly

the frequent and compromising visits of young Alfred de Vandenesse,

and his mother-in-law died suddenly. [A Woman of Thirty.]

SAINT-HEREEN (Countess Moina de), wife of the preceding; of five

children she was the only one that survived Monsieur and Madame

d'Aiglemont, in the second half of Louis Philippe's reign. Blindly

spoiled by her mother, she repaid that almost exclusive affection by

coldness only, or even disdain. By a cruel word Moina caused the death

of her mother; she dared, indeed, to recall to her mother her former

relations with Marquis Charles de Vandenesse, whose son Alfred she

herself was receiving with too much pleasure in the absence of

Monsieur de Saint-Hereen. [A Woman of Thirty.] In a conversation

concerning love with the Marquise de Vandenesse, Lady Dudley,

Mademoiselle des Touches, the Marquise of Rochefide, and Madame

d'Espard, Moina laughingly remarked: "A lover is forbidden fruit, a

statement that sums up the whole case with me." [A Daughter of Eve.]

Madame Octave de Camps, referring to Nais de l'Estorade, then a girl,

made the following cutting remark: "That little girl makes me anxious;

she reminds me of Moina d'Aiglemont." [The Member for Arcis.]

SAINT-MARTIN (Louis-Claude de), called the "Unknown Philosopher," was

born on the 18th of January, 1743, at Amboise, and died October 13,

1803; he was very often received at Clochegourde by Madame de

Verneuil, an aunt of Madame de Mortsauf, who knew him there. At

Clochegourde, Saint-Martin superintended the publication of his last

books, which were printed at Letourmy's in Tours. [The Lily of the

Valley.]

SAINT-VIER (Madame de). (See Gentillet.)

SAINTOT (Astolphe de), one of the frequenters of the Bargeton salon at

Angouleme; president of the society of agriculture of his town; though

"ignorant as a carp," he passed for a scholar of the first rank; and,

though he did nothing, he let it be believed that he had been occupied

for several years with writing a treatise on modern methods of

cultivation. His success in the world was due, for the most part, to

quotations from Cicero, learned by heart in the morning and recited in

the evening. Though a tall, stout, red-faced man, Saintot seemed to be

ruled by his wife. [Lost Illusions.]

SAINTOT (Madame de), wife of the preceding. Her Christian name was

Elisa, and she was usually called Lili, a childish designaton that was

in strong contrast with the character of this lady, who was dry and

solemn, extremely pious, and a cross and quarrelsome card-player.

[Lost Illusions.]

SALLENAUVE (Francois-Henri-Pantaleon-Dumirail, Marquis de), a noble of

Champagne, lost and ruined by cards, in his old age was reduced to the

degree of a street-sweep, under the service of Jacques Bricheteau.

[The Member for Arcis.]

SALLENAUVE (Comte de), legal son of the preceding, was born in 1809 of

the relations of Catherine-Antoinette Goussard and Jacques Collin;

grandson of Danton through his mother; school-mate of Marie Gaston,

whose friend he continued to be, and for whom he fought a duel. For a

long time he knew nothing of his family, but lived almost to the age

of thirty under the name of Charles Dorlange. [The Member for Arcis.]

SALLENAUVE (Comtesse de), wife of the preceding, born Jeanne-Athenais

de l'Estorade (Nais, by familiar abbreviation) in February, 1827; the

precocious and rather spoilt child of the Comte and Comtesse Louis de

l'Estorade. [Letters of Two Brides. The Member for Arcis.]

SALMON, formerly expert in the museum at Paris. In 1826, while on a

visit at Tours, whither he had gone to see his mother-in-law, he was

engaged to assess a "Virgin" by Valentin and a "Christ" by Lebrun,

paintings which Abbe Francois Birotteau had inherited from Abbe

Chapeloud, having left them in an apartment recently occupied by

himself at Mademoiselle Sophie Gamard's. [The Vicar of Tours.]

SALOMON (Joseph), of Tours, or near Tours, uncle and guardian to

Pauline Salomon de Villenoix, a very rich Jewess. He was deeply

attached to his niece and wished a brilliant match for her. Louis

Lambert, who was engaged to Pauline, said: "This terrible Salomon

freezes me; this man is not of our heaven." [Louis Lambert.]

SAMANON, a squint-eyed speculator, followed the various professions of

a money-handler during the reigns of Louis XVIII., Charles X., and

Louis Philippe. In 1821, Lucien de Rubempre, still a novice, visited

Samanon's establishment in the Faubourg Poissonniere, where he was

then engaged in the numerous trades of dealing in old books and old

clothes, of brokerage, and of discount. There he found a certain great

man of unknown identity, a Bohemian and cynic, who had come to borrow

his own clothes that he had left in pawn. [A Distinguished Provincial

at Paris.] Nearly three years later, Samanon was the man of straw of

the Gobseck-Bidault (Gigonnet) combination, who were persecuting

Chardin des Lupeaulx for the payment of debts due them. [The

Government Clerks.] After 1830, the usurer joined with the Cerizets

and the Claparons when they tried to circumvent Maxime de Trailles. [A

Man of Business.] The same Samanon, about 1844, had bills to the value

of ten thousand francs against Baron Hulot d'Ervy, who was seeking

refuge under the name of Father Vyder. [Cousin Betty.]

SAN-ESTEBAN (Marquise de), a foreign and aristocratic sounding assumed

name, under which Jacqueline Collin disguised herself when she visited

the Conciergerie, in May, 1830, to see Jacques Collin, himself under

the incognito of Carlos Herrera. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

SAN-REAL (Don Hijos, Marquis de), born about 1735, a powerful

nobleman; he enjoyed the friendship of Ferdinand VII., King of Spain,

and married a natural daughter of Lord Dudley, Margarita-Euphemia

Porraberil (born of a Spanish mother), with whom he lived in Paris, in

1815, in a mansion on the rue Saint-Lazare, near Nucingen. [The

Thirteen.]

SAN REAL (Marquise de), wife of the preceding, born Margarita-Euphemia

Porraberil, natural daughter of Lord Dudley and a Spanish woman, and

sister of Henri de Marsay; had the restless energy of her brother,

whom she resembled also in appearance. Brought up at Havana, she was

then taken back to Madrid, accompanied by a creole girl of the

Antilles, Paquita Valdes, with whom she maintained passionate

unnatural relations, that marriage did not interrupt and which were

being continued in Paris in 1815, when the marquise, meeting a rival

in her brother, Henri de Marsay, killed Paquita. After this murder,

Madame de San Real retired to Spain to the convent of Los Dolores.

[The Thirteen.]

SANSON (Charles-Henri), public executioner in the period of the

Revolution, and beheader of Louis XVI.; he attended two masses

commemorating the death of the King, celebrated in 1793 and 1794, by

the Abbe de Marolles, to whom his identity was afterwards disclosed by

Ragon. [An Episode under the Terror.]

SANSON, son of the preceding, born about 1770, descended, as was his

father, from headsmen of Rouen. After having been captain of cavalry

he assisted his father in the execution of Louis XVI.; was his agent

when scaffolds were operated at the same time in the Place Louis XV.

and the Place du Trone, and eventually succeeded him. Sanson was

prepared to "accommodate" Theodore Calvi in May, 1830; he awaited the

condemning order, which was not issued. He had the appearance of a

rather distinguished Englishman. At least Sanson gave Jacques Collin

that impression, when he met the ex-convict, then confined at the

Conciergerie. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.] Sanson lived in the

rue des Marais (the district of the Faubourg Saint-Martin), which is a

much shorter street now than formerly.

SARCUS was justice of the peace, in the reign of Louis XVIII., at

Soulanges (Bourgogne), where he lived on his fifteen hundred francs,

together with the rent of a house in which he lived, and three hundred

francs from the public funds. Sarcus married the elder sister of

Vermut, the druggist of Soulanges, by whom he had a daughter, Adeline,

afterwards Madame Adolphe Sibilet. This functionary of inferior order,

a handsome little old man with iron-gray hair, was none the less the

politician of the first order in the society of Soulanges, which was

completely under Madame Soudry's sway, and which counted almost all

Montcornet's enemies. [The Peasantry.]

SARCUS, cousin in the third degree of the preceding; called Sarcus the

Rich; in 1817 a counselor at the prefecture of the department of

Bourgogne, which Monsieur de la Roche-Hugon and Monsieur de Casteran

governed successively under the Restoration, and which included as

dependencies Ville-aux-Fayes, Soulanges, Blangy, and Aigues. He

recommended Sibilet as steward for Aigues, which was Montcornet's

estate. Sarcus the Rich was a member of the Chamber of Deputies; he

was also said to be right-hand man to the prefect. [The Peasantry.]

SARCUS (Madame), wife of the preceding; born Vallat, in 1778, of a

family connected with the Gaubertins, was supposed in her youth to

have favored Monsieur Lupin, who, in 1823, was still paying devoted

attentions to this woman of forty-five, the mother of an engineer.

[The Peasantry.]

SARCUS, son of the preceding couple, became, in 1823, general engineer

of bridges and causeways of Ville-aux-Fayes, thus completing the group

of powerful native families hostile to the Montcornets. [The

Peasantry.]

SARCUS-TAUPIN, a miller at Soulanges, who enjoyed an income of fifty

thousand francs; the Nucingen of his town; was father of a daughter

whose hand was sought by Lupin, the notary, and by President Gendrin

for their respective sons. [The Peasantry.]

SARRASINE (Matthieu or Mathieu), a laborer in the neighborhood of

Saint-Die, father of a rich lawyer of Franche-Comte, and grandfather

of the sculptor, Ernest-Jean Sarrasine. [Sarrasine.]

SARRASINE, a rich lawyer of Franche-Comte in the eighteenth century,

father of the sculptor, Ernest-Jean Sarrasine. [Sarrasine.]

SARRASINE (Ernest-Jean), a famous French sculptor, son of the

preceding and grandson of Matthieu Sarrasine. When quite young he

showed a calling for art strong enough to combat the will of his

father, who wished him to adopt the legal profession; he went to

Paris, entered Bouchardon's studio, found a friend and protector in

this master; became acquainted with Madame Geoffrin, Sophie Arnould,

the Baron d'Holbach, and J.-J. Rousseau. Having become the lover of

Clotilde, the famous singer at the Opera, Sarrasine won the sculptor's

prize founded by Marigny, a brother of La Pompadour, and received

praise from Diderot. He then went to Rome to live (1758); became

intimate with Vien, Louthrebourg,[*] Allegrain, Vitagliani, Cicognara,

and Chigi. He then fell madly in love with the eunuch Zambinella,

uncle of the Lanty-Duvignons; believing him to be a woman, he made a

magnificent bust of the singular singer, who was kept by Cicognara,

and, having carried him off, was murdered at the instigation of his

rival in the same year, 1758. The story of Sarrasine's life was

related, during the Restoration, to Beatrix de Rochefide. [Sarrasine.

The Member for Arcis.]

[*] Or Louthrebourg, and also Lauterbourg, intentionally left out in

the Repertory because of the various ways of spelling the name.

SAUTELOUP, familiarly called "Father Sauteloup," had the task, in May,

1830, of reading to Theodore Calvi, who was condemned to death and a

prisoner in the Conciegerie, the denial of his petition for appeal.

[Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

SAUVAGE (Madame), a person of repulsive appearance, and of doubtful

morality, the servant-mistress of Maitre Fraisier; on the death of

Pons, kept house for Schmucke, who inherited from Pons to the

prejudice of the Camusot de Marvilles. [Cousin Pons.]

SAUVAGE, first deputy of the king's attorney at Alencon; a young

magistrate, married, harsh, stiff, ambitious, and selfish; took sides

against Victurnien d'Esgrignon in the notorious affair known as the

D'Esgrignon-Du-Bousquier case; after the famous lawsuit he was sent to

Corsica. [Jealousies of a Country Town.]

SAUVAGNEST, successor of the attorney Bordin, and predecessor of

Maitre Desroches; was an attorney in Paris. [A Start in Life.]

SAUVAIGNOU (of Marseilles), a head carpenter, had a hand in the sale

of the house on the Place de la Madeleine which was bought in 1840, by

the Thuilliers at the urgent instance of Cerizet, Claparon, Dutocq,

and especially Theodose de la Peyrade. [The Middle Classes.]

SAUVIAT (Jerome-Baptiste), born in Auvergne, about 1747; a traveling

tradesman from 1792 to 1796; of commercial tastes, rough, energetic,

and avaricious; of a profoundly religious nature; was imprisoned

during the Terror; barely escaped being beheaded for abetting the

escape of a bishop; married Mademoiselle Champagnac at Limoges in

1797; had by her a daughter, Veronique (Madame Pierre Graslin); after

the death of his father-in-law, he bought, in the same town, the house

which he was occupying as tenant and where he sold old iron; he

continued his business there; retired from business in wealth, but

still, at a later period, went as superintendent into a porcelain

factory with J.-F. Tascheron; gave his attention to that work for at

least three years, and died then through an accident in 1827. [The

Country Parson.]

SAUVIAT (Madame), wife of the preceding; born Champagnac, about 1767;

daughter of a coppersmith of Limoges, who became a widower in 1797,

and from whom she afterwards inherited. Madame Sauviat lived, in turn,

near the rue de la Vieille-Poste, a suburb of Limoges, and at

Montegnac. Like Sauviat, she was industrious, rough, grasping,

economical, and hard, but pious withal; and like him, too, she adored

Veronique, whose terrible secret she knew,--a sort of Marcellange

affair.[*] [The Country Parson.]

[*] A famous criminal case of the time.

SAVARON DE SAVARUS, a noble and wealthy family, whose various members

known in the eighteenth century were as follows: Savaron de Savarus

(of Tournai), a Fleming, true to Flemish traditions, with whom the

Claes and the Pierquins seem to have had transactions. [The Quest of

the Absolute.] Mademoiselle Savarus, a native of Brabant, a wealthy

unmarried heiress; Savarus (Albert), a French attorney, descended, but

not lineally, from the Comte de Savarus. [Albert Savarus.]

SAVARUS (Albert Savaron de), of the family of the preceding list, but

natural son of the Comte de Savarus, was born about 1798; was

secretary to a minister of Charles X., and was also Master of

Requests. The Revolution of 1830 fatally interrupted a very promising

career; a deep love, which was reciprocated, for the Duchesse

d'Argaiolo (afterwards Madame Alphonse de Rhetore), restored to

Savarus his energetic and enterprising spirit; he succeeded in being

admitted to the bar of Besancon, built up a good practice, succeeded

brilliantly, founded the "Revue de l'Est," in which he published an

autobiographic novel, "L'Ambitieux par Amour," and met with warm

support in his candidacy for the Chamber of Deputies (1834). Albert

Savarus, with his mask of a deep thinker, might have seen all his

dreams realized, but for the romantic and jealous fancies of Rosalie

de Watteville, who discovered and undid the advocate's plans, by

bringing about the second marriage of Madame d'Argaiolo. His hopes

thus baffled, Albert Savarus became a friar of the parent institution

of the Carthusians, which was situated near Grenoble, and was known as

Brother Albert. [The Quest of the Absolute. Albert Savarus.]

SCHERBELLOFF, Scherbelloff, or Sherbelloff (Princesse), maternal

grandmother of Madame de Montcornet. [The Peasantry. Jealousies of a

Country Town.]

SCHILTZ married a Barnheim (of Baden), and had by her a daughter,

Josephine, afterwards Madame Fabien du Ronceret; was an "intrepid

officer, a chief among those bold Alsatian partisans who almost saved

the Emperor in the campaign of France." He died at Metz, despoiled and

ruined. [Beatrix.]

SCHILTZ (Josephine), otherwise known as Madame Schontz. (See Ronceret,

Madame Fabien du.)

SCHINNER (Mademoiselle), mother of Hippolyte Schinner, the painter,

and daughter of an Alsatian farmer; being seduced by a coarse but

wealthy man, she refused the money offered as compensation for

refusing to legitimize their liaison, and consoled herself in the joys

of maternity, the duties whereof she fulfilled with the most perfect

devotion. At the time of her son's marriage she was living in Paris,

and shared with him an apartment situated near the artist's studio,

and not far from the Madeleine, on the rue des Champs-Elysees. [The

Purse.]

SCHINNER (Hippolyte), a painter, natural son of the preceding; of

Alsatian origin, and recognized by his mother only; a pupil of Gros,

in whose studio he formed a close intimacy with Joseph Bridau. [A

Bachelor's Establishment.] He was married during the reign of Louis

XVIII.; he was at that time a knight of the Legion of Honor, and was

already a celebrated character. While working in Paris, near the

Madeleine, in a house belonging to Molineux, he met the other

occupants, Madame and Mademoiselle Leseigneur de Rouville, and seems

to have imitated with respect to them the delicate conduct of their

benefactor and friend, Kergarouet; was touched by the cordiality

extended to him by the baroness in spite of his poverty; he loved

Adelaide de Rouville, and the passion being reciprocated, he married

her. [The Purse.] Being associated with Pierre Grassou, he gave him

excellent advice, which this indifferent artist was scarceley able to

profit by. [Pierre Grassou.] In 1822, the Comte de Serizy employed

Schinner to decorate the chateau of Presles; Joseph Bridau, who was

trying his hand, completed the master's work, and even, in a passing

fit of levity, appropriated his name. [A Start in Life.] Schinner was

mentioned in the autobiographical novel of Albert Savarus,

"L'Ambitieux par Amour." [Albert Savarus.] He was the friend of Xavier

Rabourdin. [The Government Clerks.] He drew vignettes for the works of

Canalis. [Modeste Mignon.] To him we owe the remarkable ceilings of

Adam Laginski's house situated on the rue de la Pepiniere. [The

Imaginary Mistress.] About 1845, Hippolyte Schinner lived not far from

the rue de Berlin, near Leon de Lora, to whom he had been first

instructor. [The Unconscious Humorists.]

SCHINNER (Madame), wife of Hippolyte Schinner, born Adelaide

Leseigneur de Rouville, daughter of the Baron and Baronne de Rouville,

her father being a naval officer; lived during the Restoration in

Paris with her mother, boarding at a house situated on the rue de

Surene and belonging to Molineux. Bereft of her father, the future

Madame Schinner would then have found it difficult to await the slow

adjustment of her father's pension, had not their old friend, Admiral

de Kergarouet, come in his unobtrusive way to the assistance of

herself and her mother. About the same time she nursed their neighbor,

Hippolyte Schinner, who was suffering from the effects of a fall, and

conceived for him a love that was returned; the gift of a little

embroidered purse on the part of the young woman brought about the

marriage. [The Purse.]

SCHMUCKE (Wilhelm), a German Catholic, and a man of great musical

talent; open-hearted, absent-minded, kind, sincere, of simple manners,

of gentle and upright bearing. Originally he was precentor to the

Margrave of Anspach; he had known Hoffman, the eccentric writer of

Berlin, in whose memory he afterwards had a cat named Murr. Schmucke

then went to Paris; in 1835-36, he lived there in a small apartment on

the Quai Conti, at the corner of the rue de Nevers.[*] Previous to

this, in the Quartier du Marais, he gave lessons in harmony, that were

much appreciated, to the daughters of the Granvilles, afterwards

Mesdames de Vandenesse and du Tillet; at a later period the former

lady asked him to endorse some notes of hand for Raoul Nathan's

benefit. [A Daughter of Eve.] Schmucke was also instructor of Lydie

Peyrade before her marriage with Theodose de la Peyrade. [Scenes from

a Courtesan's Life]; but those whom he regarded as his favorite pupils

were Mesdames de Vandenesse and du Tillet, and the future Vicomtesse

de Portenduere, Mademoiselle Mirouet of Nemours, the three "Saint-

Cecilias" who combined to pay him an annuity. [Ursule Mirouet.] The

former precentor, now of ugly and aged appearance, readily obtained a

welcome with the principals of boarding-schools for young ladies. At a

distribution of prizes he was brought in contact with Sylvain Pons for

whom he immediately felt an affection that proved to be mutual (1834).

Their intimacy brought them under the same roof, rue de Normandie, as

tenants of C.-J. Pillerault (1836). Schmucke lived for nine years in

perfect happiness. Gaudissart, having become manager of a theatre,

employed him in his orchestra, entrusted him with the work of making

copies of the music, and employed him to play the piano and various

instruments that were not used in the boulevard theatres: the viol

d'amore, English horn, violoncello, harp, castanets, bells, saxhorns,

etc. Pons made him his residuary legatee (April, 1845); but the

innocent German was not strong enough to contend with Maitre Fraisier,

agent of the Camusot de Marvilles, who were ignored in this will. In

spite of Topinard, to whom, in despair at the death of his friend, he

went to demand hospitality, in the Bordin district, Schmucke allowed

himself to be swindled, and was soon carried off by apoplexy. [Cousin

Pons.]

[*] Perhaps the former lodging place of Napoleon Bonaparte.

SCHONTZ (Madame), name borne by Mademoiselle Schiltz, afterwards

Madame Fabien du Ronceret. (See this last name.)

SCHWAB (Wilhelm), born at Strasbourg in the early part of the

nineteenth century, of the German family of Kehl, had Frederic (Fritz)

Brunner as his friend, whose follies he shared, whose poverty he

relieved, and with whom he went to Paris; there they went to the Hotel

du Rhin, rue du Mail, kept by Johann Graff, father of Emilie, and

brother of the famous tailor, Wolfgang Graff. Schwab kept books for

this rival of Humann and Staub. Several years later he played the

flute at the theatre at which Sylvain Pons directed the orchestra.

During an intermission at the first brilliant performance of "La

Fiancee du Diable," presented in the fall of 1844, Schwab invited Pons

through Schmucke to his approaching wedding; he married Mademoiselle

Emilie Graff--a love-match--and joined in business with Frederic

Brunner, who was a banker and enriched by the inheritance of his

father's property. [Cousin Pons.]

SCHWAB (Madame Wilhelm), wife of the preceding; born Mademoiselle

Emilie Graff; an accomplished beauty, niece of Wolfgang Graff, the

wealthy tailor, who provided her with dowry. [Cousin Pons.]

SCIO (Madame), a prominent singer of the Theatre Feydeau in 1798, was

very beautiful in "Les Peruviens," a comic opera by Mongenod, produced

with very indifferent success. [The Seamy Side of History.]

SCOEVOLA (Mucius). Under this assumed name was concealed, during the

Terror, a man who had been huntsman to the Prince de Conti, to whom he

owed his fortune. A plasterer, and proprietor of a small house in

Paris, on about the highest point of the Faubourg Saint-Martin,[*]

near the rue d'Allemagne, he affected an exaggerated civism, which

masked an unfailing fidelity to the Bourbons, and he in some

mysterious way afforded protection to Sisters Marthe and Agathe

(Mesdemoiselles de Beauseant and de Langeais), nuns who had escaped

from the Abbey of Chelles, and were, with Abbe de Marolles, taking

refuge under his roof. [An Episode under the Terror.]

[*] His parish was the Saint-Laurent church, which for a while during

the Revolution had the name of Temple of Fidelity.

SECHARD (Jerome-Nicolas), born in 1743. After having been a workman in

a printer's shop of Angouleme situated on the Place du Murier, though

very illiterate, he became its owner at the beginning of the

Revolution; was acquainted at that time with the Marquis de Maucombe,

married a woman that was provided with a certain competency, but soon

lost her, after having by her a son, David. In the reign of Louis

XVIII., fearing the competition of Cointet, J.-N. Sechard retired from

active life, selling his business to his son, whom he intentionally

deceived in the trade, and moved to Marsac, near Angouleme, where he

raised grapes, and drank to excess. During all the latter part of his

life, Sechard mercilessly aggravated the commercial difficulties which

his son David was struggling against. The old miser died about 1829,

leaving property of some value. [Lost Illusions.]

SECHARD (David), only son of the preceding, school-mate and friend of

Lucien de Rubempre, learned the art of printing from the Didots of

Paris. On one occasion, upon his return to his native soil, he gave

many evidences of his kindness and delicacy; having purchased his

father's printing shop, he allowed himself to be deliberately cheated

and duped by him; employed as proof-reader Lucien de Rubempre, whose

sister, Eve Chardon, he adored with a passion that was fully

reciprocated; he married her in spite of the poverty of both parties,

for his business was on the decline. The expense involved, the

competition of the Cointets, and especially his experiments as

inventor in the hope of finding the secret of a particular way of

making paper, reduced him to very straitened circumstances. Indeed,

everything combined to destroy Sechard; the cunning and power of the

Cointet house, the spying of the ungrateful Cerizet, formerly his

apprentice, the disorderly life of Lucien de Rubempre, and the jealous

greed of his father. A victim of the wiles of Cointet, Sechard

abandoned his discovery, resigned himself to his fate, inherited from

his father, and cheered by the devotion of the Kolbs, dwelt in Marsac,

where Derville, led by Corentin, hunted him out with a view to gaining

information as to the origin of Lucien de Rubempre's million. [Lost

Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. Scenes from a

Courtesan's Life.]

SECHARD (Madame David), wife of the preceding, born Eve Chardon in

1804, daughter of a druggist of L'Houmeau (a suburb of Angouleme), and

a member of the house of Rubempre; worked first at the house of Madame

Prieur, a laundress, for the consideration of fifteen sous a day;

manifested great devotion to her brother Lucien, and on marrying David

Sechard, in 1821, transferred her devotion to him; having undertaken

to manage the printing shop, she competed with Cerizet, Cointet, and

Petit-Claud, and almost succeeded in softening Jerome-Nicolas Sechard.

Madame Sechard shared with her husband the inheritance of old J.-N.

Sechard, and was then the modest chatelaine of La Verberie, at Marsac.

By her husband she had at least one child, named Lucien. Madame

Sechard was tall and of dark complexion, with blue eyes. [Lost

Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris. Scenes from a

Courtesan's Life.]

SECHARD (Lucien), son of the preceding couple. [Lost Illusions.]

SEGAUD, solicitor at Angouleme, was successor to Petit-Claud, a

magistrate about 1824. [Lost Illusions.]

SELERIER, called the Auvergnat, Pere Ralleau, Le Rouleur, and

especially Fil-de Soie, belonged to the aristocracy of the galleys,

and was a member of the group of "Ten Thousand," whose chief was

Jacques Collin; the latter, however, suspected him of having sold him

to the police, about 1819, when Bibi-Lupin arrested him at the Vauquer

boarding-house. [Father Goriot.] In his business Selerier always

avoided bloodshed. He was of philosophical turn, very selfish,

incapable of love, and ignorant of the meaning of friendship. In May,

1830, when being a prisoner at the Conciergerie, and about to be

condemned to fifteen years of forced labor, he saw and recognized

Jacques Collin, the pseudo-Carlos Herrera, himself incriminated.

[Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

SENONCHES (Jacques de), a noble of Angouleme, a great huntsman, stiff

and haughty, a sort of wild boar; lived on very good terms with his

wife's lover, Francois du Hautoy, and attended Madame de Bargeton's

receptions. [Lost Illusions.]

SENONCHES (Madame Jacques de), wife of the preceding, bore the given

name of Zephirine, which was abbreviated to Zizine. By Francois du

Hautoy, her adored lover, she had a daughter, Francoise de la Haye,

who was presented as her ward, and who became Madame Petit-Claud.

[Lost Illusions.]

SEPHERD (Carl), name assumed by Charles Grandet in the Indies, the

United States, Africa, etc., while he was in the slave-trading

business. [Eugenie Grandet.]

SERIZY, or Serisy (Comte Hugret de), born in 1765, descended in direct

line from the famous President Hugret, ennobled under Francois I. The

motto of this family was "I, semper melius eris," so that the final

/s/ of /melius/, the word /eris/, and the /I/ of the beginning,

represented the name (Serizy) of the estate that had been made a

county. A son of a first president of Parliament (who died in 1794),

Serizy was himself, as early as 1787, a member of the Grand Council;

he did not emigrate during the Revolution, but remained in his estate

of Serizy, near Arpajon; became a member of the Council of Five

Hundred, and afterwards of the Council of State. The Empire made him a

count and a senator. Hugret de Serizy was married, in 1806, to

Leontine de Ronquerolles, the widow of General Gaubert. This union

made him the brother-in-law of the Marquis de Ronquerolles, and the

Marquis du Rouvre. Every honor was alloted to him in course;

chamberlain under the Empire, he afterwards became vice-president of

the Council of State, peer of France, Grand Cross of the Legion of

Honor, and member of the Privy Council. The glorious career of Serizy,

who was an unusually industrious person, did not offer compensation

for his domestic misfortunes. Hard work and protracted vigils soon

aged the high functionary, who was ever unable to win his wife's

heart; but he loved her and sheltered her none the less constantly. It

was chiefly to avenge her for the indiscretion of the volatile young

Oscar Husson, Moreau's godson, that he discharged the not overhonest

steward of Presles. [A Start in Life.] The system of government that

succeeded the Empire increased Serizy's influence and renown; he was

an intimate friend of the Bauvans and the Grandvilles. [A Bachelor's

Establishment. Honorine. Modeste Mignon.] His weakness in matters

concerning his wife was such that he assisted her in person, when, in

May, 1830, she hastened to the Conciergerie in the hope of saving her

lover, Lucien de Rubempre, and entered the cell where the young man

had just committed suicide. Serizy even consented to be executor of

the poet's will. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

SERIZY (Comtesse de), wife of the preceding, born Leontine de

Ronquerolles about 1784, sister of the Marquis du Ronquerolles;

married, as her first husband, General Gaubert, one of the most

illustrious soldiers of the Republic; married a second time, when

quite young, but could never entertain any feeling stronger than

respect for M. de Serizy, her second husband, by whom, however, she

had a son, an officer, who was killed during the reign of Louis

Philippe. [A Start in Life.] Worldly and brilliant, and a worthy rival

of Mesdames de Beauseant, de Langeais, de Maufrigneuse, de Carigliano,

and d'Espard, Leontine de Serizy had several lovers, among them being

Auguste de Maulincour, Victor d'Aiglemont and Lucien de Rubempre. [The

Thirteen. Ursule Mirouet. A Woman of Thirty.] This last liaison was a

very stormy one. Lucien acquired considerable influence over Madame de

Serizy, and made use of it to reach the Marquise d'Espard, by

effecting an annulment of the decree which she had obtained against

her husband, the Marquis d'Espard, placing him under guardianship. And

so it was that, during Rubempre's imprisonment and after his suicide,

she suffered the bitterest anguish. Leontine de Serizy almost broke

the bars of the Conciergerie, insulted Camusot, the examining

magistrate, and seemed to be beside herself. The intervention of

Jacques Collin saved her and cured her, when three famous physicians,

Messieurs Bianchon, Desplein, and Sinard declared themselves powerless

to relieve her. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.] During the winter

the Comtesse de Serizy lived on the Chaussee-d'Antin; during the

summer at Serizy, her favorite residence, or still more at Presles,

and sometimes near Nemours in Le Rouvre, the seat of the family of

that name. Being a neighbor, in Paris, of Felicite des Touches, she

was a frequent visitor of that emulator of George Sand, and was at her

house when Marsay related the story of his first love-affair, taking

part herself in the conversation. [Another Study of Woman.] Being a

maternal aunt of Clementine du Rouvre, Madame de Serizy gave her a

handsome dowry when she married Laginski; with her brother

Ronquerolles, at his home on the rue de la Pepiniere, she met Thaddee

Paz, the Pole's comrade. [The Imaginary Mistress.]

SERIZY (Vicomte de), only son of the preceding couple, graduated from

the Ecole Polytechnique in 1825, and entered the cavalry regiment of

the Garde Royale, by favor, as sub-lieutenant, under command of the

Duc de Maufrigneuse; at this time Oscar Husson, nephew of Cardot,

entered the same regiment as a private. [A Start in Life.] In October,

1829, Serizy, being an officer in the company of the guards stationed

at Havre, was instructed to inform M. de Verneuil, proprietor of some

well-stocked Norman "preserves," that Madame could not participate in

the chase that he had organized. Having become enamored of Diane de

Maufrigneuse, the viscount found her at Verneuil's house; she received

his attentions, as a means of avenging herself on Leontine de Serizy,

then mistress of Lucien de Rubempre. [Modeste Mignon.] Being advanced

to the rank of lieutenant-colonel of a cavalry regiment, he was

severely wounded at the disastrous battle of Macta, in Africa (June

26, 1835), and died at Toulon as a result of his wounds. [The

Imaginary Mistress. A Start in Life.]

SERVAIS, the only good gilder in Paris, according to Elie Magus, whose

advice he heeded; he had the good sense to use English gold, which is

far better than the French. Like the book-binder, Thouvenin, he was in

love with his own work. [Cousin Pons.]

SERVIEN (Prudence), born, in 1806, at Valenciennes, daughter of very

poor weavers, was employed, from the age of seven years, in a

spinning-mill; corrupted early by her life in the work-room, she was a

mother at the age of thirteen; having had to testify in the Court of

Assizes against Jean-Francois Durut, she made of him a formidable

enemy, and fell into the power of Jacques Collin, who promised to

shelter her from the resentment of the convict. She was at one time a

ballet-girl, and afterwards served as Esther van Gobseck's chamber-

maid, under the names of Eugenie and Europe; was the mistress of

Paccard, whom she very probably married afterwards; aided Vautrin in

fooling Nucingen and getting money from him. [Scenes from a

Courtesan's Life.]

SERVIN, born about 1775, a distinguished painter, made a love-match

with the daughter of a penniless general; in 1815 was manager of a

studio in Paris, which was frequented by Mademoiselle Laure, and

Mesdemoiselles Mathilde-Melanie Roguin, Amelie Thirion and Ginevra di

Piombo, the last three of whom were afterwards, respectively, Mesdames

Tiphaine, Camusot de Marville, and Porta. Servin at that time was

concealing an exile who was sought by the police, namely Luigi Porta,

who married the master's favorite pupil, Mademoiselle Ginevra di

Piombo. [The Vendetta.]

SERVIN (Madame), wife of the preceding, remembering that the romance

of Porta and Ginevra's love had been the cause of all his pupils'

leaving her husband's studio, refused to shelter Mademoiselle de

Piombo when driven from her father's home. [The Vendetta.]

SEVERAC (De), born in 1764, a country gentleman, mayor of a village in

the canton of Angouleme, and the author of an article on silkworms,

was received at Madame de Bargeton's in 1821. A widower, without

children, and doubtless very rich, but not knowing the ways of the

world, one evening on the rue du Minage, he found as ready listeners

only the poor but aristocratic Madame du Brossard and her daughter

Camille, a young woman of twenty-seven years. [Lost Illusions.]

SIBILET, clerk of the court at Ville-aux-Fayes (Bourgogne), distant

cousin of Francois Gaubertin, married a Mademoiselle Gaubertin-Vallat,

and had by that marriage six children. [The Peasantry.]

SIBILET (Adolphe), eldest of the six children of the preceding, born

about 1793; was, at first, clerk to a notary, then an unimportant

employe in the land-registry office; and then, in the latter part of

the year 1817, succeeded his cousin, Francois Gaubertin, in the

administration of Aigues, General de Montcornet's estate, in

Bourgogne. Sibilet had married Mademoiselle Adeline Sarcus (of the

poor branch), who bore him two children in three years; his selfish

interest and his personal obligations led him to gratify the ill-

feeling of his predecessor, by being disloyal to Montcornet. [The

Peasantry.]

SIBILET (Madame Adolphe), wife of the preceding, born Adeline Sarcus,

only daughter of a justice of the peace, rich with beauty as her sole

fortune, she was reared by her mother, in the little village of

Soulanges (Bourgogne), with all possible care. Not having been able to

marry Amaury Lupin (son of Lupin the notary), with whom she was in

love, in despair she allowed herself, three years after her mother's

death, to be married, by her father, to the disagreeable and repulsive

Adolphe Sibilet. [The Peasantry.]

SIBILET, son of the court clerk, and police commissioner at Ville-aux

Fayes. [The Peasantry.]

SIBILET (Mademoiselle), daughter of the court clerk, afterwards Madame

Herve. [The Peasantry.]

SIBILET, son of the court clerk, first clerk of Maitre Corbinet,

notary at Ville-aux-Fayes, to whom he was the appointed successor.

[The Peasantry.]

SIBILET, son of the court clerk, and clerk in the Department of Public

Lands, presumptive successor of the registrar of documents at Ville-

aux-Fayes. [The Peasantry.]

SIBILET (Mademoiselle), daughter of the court clerk, born about 1807,

postmistress at Ville-aux Fayes; betrothed to Captain Corbinet,

brother of the notary. [The Peasantry.]

SIBUELLE, a wealthy contractor of somewhat tarnished reputation during

the Directory and the Consulate, gave his daughter in marriage to

Malin de Gondreville, and through the credit of his son-in-law became,

with Marion, co-receiver-general of the department of Aube. [The

Gondreville Mystery.]

SIBUELLE (Mademoiselle), only daughter of the preceding, became Madame

Malin de Gondreville. [The Gondreville Mystery.]

SEYES (Emmanuel-Joseph), born in 1748 at Frejus, died in Paris in

1836, was successively vicar-general of Chartres, deputy to the

States-General and the Convention, member of the Committee of Public

Safety, member of the Five Hundred, member of the Directory, consul,

and senator; famous also as a publicist. In June, 1800, he might have

been found in the Office of Foreign Relations, in the rue du Bac,

where he took part with Talleyrand and Fouche, in a secret council, in

which the subject of overthrowing Bonaparte, then First Consul, was

discussed. [The Gondreville Mystery.]

SIGNOL (Henriette), a beautiful girl; of a good family of farmers, in

the employ of Basine Clerget, a laundress at Angouleme; was the

mistress of Cerizet, whom she loved and trusted; served as a tool

against David Sechard, the printer. [Lost Illusions.]

SIMEUSE (Admiral de), father of Jean de Simeuse, was one of the most

eminent French seamen of the eighteenth century. [Beatrix. The

Gondreville Mystery. Jealousies of a Country Town.]

SIMEUSE (Marquis Jean de), whose name, "Cy meurs" or "Si meurs," was

the motto of the family crest, was descended from a noble family of

Bourgogne, who were formerly owners of a Lorrain fief called Ximeuse,

corrupted to Simeuse. M. de Simeuse counted a number of illustrious

men among his ancestors; he married Berthe de Cinq-Cygne; he was

father of twins, Paul-Marie and Marie-Paul. He was guillotined at

Troyes during the Terror; Michu's father-in-law presided over the

Revolutionary tribunal that passed the death-sentence. [The

Gondreville Mystery.]

SIMEUSE (Marquise de), wife of the preceding, born Berthe de Cinq-

Cygne, was executed at Troyes at the same time with her husband. [The

Gondreville Mystery.]

SIMEUSE (Paul-Marie and Marie-Paul), twin sons of the preceding

couple, born in 1773; grandsons on the father's side of the admiral

who was as famous for his dissipation as for his valor; descended from

the original owners of the famous Gondreville estate in Aube, and

belonged to the noble Champagne family of the Chargeboeufs, the

younger branch of which was represented by their mother, Berthe de

Cinq-Cygne. Paul-Marie and Marie-Paul were among the emigrants; they

returned to France about 1803. Both being in love with their cousin,

Laurence de Cinq-Cygne, an ardent Royalist, they cast lots to decide

which should be her husband; fate favored Marie-Paul, the younger, but

circumstances prevented the consummation of the marriage. The twins

differed only in disposition, and there in only one point: Paul-Marie

was melancholy, while Marie-Paul was of a bright disposition. Despite

the advice of their elderly relative, M. de Chargeboeuf, Messieurs de

Simeuse compromised themselves with the Hauteserres; being watched by

Fouche, who sent Peyrade and Corentin to keep an eye on them, they

were accused of the abduction of Malin, of which they were not guilty,

and sentenced to twenty-four years of penal servitude; were pardoned

by Napoleon, entered as sub-lieutenants the same cavalry regiment, and

were killed together in the battle of Sommo-Sierra (near Madrid,

November 30, 1808). [The Gondreville Mystery.]

SIMONIN let carriages on the rue du Faubourg Saint-Honore, Cour des

Coches, Paris; about 1840, he let a berlin to Madame de Godollo, who,

in accordance with the instructions of Corentin, the police-agent, was

pretending to be taking a journey, but went no further than the Bois

de Boulogne. [The Middle Classes.]

SIMONNIN, in the reign of Louis XVIII., was "errand-boy" to Maitre

Derville on the rue Vivienne, Paris, when that advocate received

Hyacinthe Chabert. [Colonel Chabert].

SINARD, a Paris physician, was called, in May, 1830, together with

Messieurs Desplein and Bianchon, to the bedside of Leontine de Serizy,

who had lost her reason after the tragic end of her lover, Lucien de

Rubempre. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

SINET (Seraphine), a celebrated lorette, born in 1820, known by the

sobriquet of Carabine, was present at Josepha Mirah's house-warming on

the rue de la Ville-l'Eveque, in 1838. Five years later, being then

mistress of the wealthy F. du Tillet, Mademoiselle Sinet supplanted

the vivacious Marguerite Turquet as queen of the lorettes. [Cousin

Betty.] A woman of splendid appearance, Seraphine was one of the

marching chorus at the Opera, and occupied the fine apartment on the

rue Saint-Georges, where before her Suzanne du Val-Noble, Esther van

Gobseck, Florine, and Madame Schontz had reigned. Of ready wit,

dashing manners, and impish brazenness, Carabine held many successful

receptions. Every day her table was set in magnificent style for ten

guests. Artists, men of letters, and society favorites were among her

frequent visitors. S.-P. Gazonal was taken to see her, in 1845, by

Leon de Lora and Bixiou, together with Jenny Cadine of the Theatre du

Gymnase; and there he met Massol, Claude Vignon, Maxime de Trailles,

Nucingen, F. du Bruel, Malaga, Monsieur and Madame Gaillard, and

Vauvinet, with a multitude of others, to say nothing of F. du Tillet.

[The Unconscious Humorists.]

SINOT, attorney at Arcis-sur-Aube, commanded the patronage of the

"Henriquinquistes" (partisans of Henri V.) in 1839, when the district

had to elect a deputy to replace M. Francois Keller. [The Member for

Arcis.]

SOCQUARD, during the Empire and the Restoration, kept the Cafe de la

Paix at Soulanges (Bourgogne). The Milo of Crotona of the Avonne

Valley, a stout little man, of placid countenance, and a high, clear

voice. He was manager of the Tivoli, a dancing-hall adjoining the

cafe. Monsieur Vermichel, violin, and Monsieur Fourchon, clarinet,

constituted the orchestra. Plissoud, Bonnebault, Viallet, and Amaury

Lupin were steady patrons of his establishment, which was long famous

for its billiards, its punch, and its mulled wine. In 1823, Socquard

lost his wife. [The Peasantry.]

SOCQUARD (Madame Junie), wife of the preceding, had many thrilling

love-affairs during the Empire. She was very beautiful, and her

luxurious mode of living, to which the leading men of Soulanges

contributed, was notorious in the Avonne valley. Lupin, the notary,

had been guilty of great weakness in her direction, and Gaubertin, who

took her away from him, unquestionably had by her a natural son,

little Bournier. Junie was the secret of the prosperity of the

Socquard house. She brought her husband a vineyard, the house he lived

in, and the Tivoli. She died in the reign of Louis XVIII. [The

Peasantry.]

SOCQUARD (Aglae), daughter of the preceding couple, born in 1801,

inherited her father's ridiculous obesity. Being sought in marriage by

Bonnebault, whom her father esteemed highly as a customer, but little

as a son-in-law, she excited the jealousy of Marie Tonsard, and was

always at daggers drawn with her. [The Peasantry.]

SODERINI (Prince), father of Madame d'Argaiolo, who was afterwards the

Duchesse Alphonse de Rhetore; at Besancon, in 1834, he demanded of

Albert Savarus his daughter's letters and portrait. His sudden arrival

caused a hasty departure on the part of Savarus, then a candidate for

election to the Chamber of Deputies, and ignorant of Madame

d'Argaiolo's approaching second marriage. [Albert Savarus.]

SOLIS (Abbe de), born about 1733, a Dominican, grand penitentiary of

Toledo, vicar-general of the Archbishopric of Malines; a venerable

priest, unassuming, kindly and large of person. He adopted Emmanuel de

Solis, his brother's son, and, retiring to Douai, under the acceptable

protection of the Casa-Reals, was confessor and adviser of their last

descendant, Madame Balthazar Claes. The Abbe de Solis died in

December, 1818. [The Quest of the Absolute.]

SOLIS (Emmanuel), nephew and adopted son of the preceding. Poor, and

of a family originally from Granada, he responded well to the

excellent education that he received, followed the teacher's calling,

taught the humanities at the lyceum at Douai, of which he was

afterwards principal, and gave lessons to the brothers of Marguerite

Claes, whom he loved, the feeling being reciprocated. He married her

in 1825; the more fully to enjoy his good fortune, he resigned the

position as inspector of the University, which he then held. Shortly

afterwards he inherited the title of Comte de Nourho, through the

house of Solis. [The Quest of the Absolute.]

SOLIS (Madame Emmanuel de), wife of the preceding, born Marguerite

Claes, in 1796, elder sister of Madame Felicie Pierquin, whose husband

had first sought her hand, received from her dying mother the

injunction to contend respectfully, but firmly, against her father's

foolish efforts as inventor; and, in compliance with her mother's

injunctions, by dint of great perseverance, succeeded in restoring the

family fortunes that had been more than endangered. Madame de Solis

gave birth to a child, in the course of a trip to Spain, where she was

visiting Casa-Real, the cradle of her mother's family. [The Quest of

the Absolute.]

SOLONET, born in 1795, obtained the decoration of the Legion of Honor

for having made very active contribution to the second return of the

Bourbons; was the youthful and worldly notary of Bordeaux; in the

drawing up of the marriage contract between Natalie Evangelista and

Paul de Manerville, he triumphed over the objections raised by his

colleague, Mathias, who was defender of the Manerville interests.

Solonet paid the most devoted attentions of a lover to Madame

Evangelista, but his love was not returned, and he sought her hand in

vain. [A Marriage Settlement.]

SOLVET, a handsome youth, but addicted to gaming and other vices,

loved by Caroline Crochard de Bellefeuille and preferred by her to

Monsieur de Granville, her generous protector. Solvet made

Mademoiselle Crochard very unhappy, ruined her, but was none the less

adored by her. These facts were known to Bianchon, and related by him

to the Comte de Granville, whom he met, one evening, in the reign of

Louis Philippe, near rue Gaillon. [A Second Home.]

SOMMERVIEUX (Theodore de), a painter, winner of the prix de Rome,

knight of the Legion of Honor, was particularly successful in

interiors; and excelled in chiaro-oscuro effects, in imitation of the

Dutch. He made an excellent reproduction of the interior of the Cat

and Racket, on the rue Saint-Denis, which he exhibited at the Salon at

the same time with a fascinating portrait of his future wife,

Mademoiselle Guillaume, with whom he fell madly in love, and whom he

married in 1808, almost in spite of her parents, and thanks to the

kind offices of Madame Roguin, whom he knew in his society life. The

marriage was not a happy one; the daughter of the Guillaumes adored

Sommervieux without understanding him. The painter often neglected his

rooms on the rue des Trois-Freres (now a part of the rue Taitbout) and

transferred his homage to the Marechale de Carigliano. He had an

income of twelve thousand francs; before the Revolution his father was

called the Chevalier de Sommervieux. [At the Sign of the Cat and

Racket.] Theodore de Sommervieux designed a monstrance for Gohier, the

king's goldsmith; this monstrance was bought by Madame Baudoyer and

given to the church of Saint-Paul, at the time of the death of F. de

la Billardiere, head clerk of the administration, whose position she

desired for her husband. [The Government Clerks.] Sommervieux also

drew vignettes for the works of Canalis. [Modeste Mignon.]

SOMMERVIEUX (Madame Theodore de), wife of the preceding, born

Augustine Guillaume, about 1792, second daughter of the Guillaumes of

the Cat and Racket (a drapery establishment on the rue Saint-Denis,

Paris), had a sad life that was soon wrecked; for, with the exception

of Madame Roguin, her family never understood her aspirations to a

higher ideal, or the feeling that prompted her to choose Theodore de

Sommervieux. Mademoiselle Guillaume was married about the middle of

the Empire, at her parish church, Saint-Leu, on the same day that her

sister was married to Lebas, the clerk, and immediately after the

ceremony referred to. A little less coarse in her feelings than her

parents and their associates, but insignificant enough at best,

without being aware of it she displeased the painter, and chilled the

enthusiasm of her husband's studio friends, Schinner, Bridau, Bixiou,

and Lora. Grassou, who was very much of a countryman, was the only one

that refrained from laughing at her. Worn out at last, she tried to

win back the heart that had become the possession of Madame de

Carigliano; she even went to consult her rival, but could not use the

weapons supplied her by the coquettish wife of the marshal, and died

of a broken heart shortly after the famous ball given by Cesar

Birotteau, to which she was invited. She was buried in Montmartre

cemetery. [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket. Cesar Birotteau.]

SONET, marble-worker and contractor for tombstones, at Paris, during

the Restoraton and Louis Philippe's reign. When Pons died, the marble-

worker sent his agent to Schmucke to solicit an order for statues of

Art and Friendship grouped together. Sonet had the draughtsman Vitelot

as partner. The firm name was Sonet & Co. [Cousin Pons.]

SONET (Madame), wife of the preceding, knew how to lavish attentions

no less zealous than selfish on W. Schmucke, when he returned, broken-

hearted, from Pere-Lachaise, in April, 1845, and suggested to him,

with some modifications however, to take certain allegorical monuments

which the families of Marsay and Keller had formerly refused,

preferring to apply to a genuine artist, the sculptor Stidmann.

[Cousin Pons.]

SOPHIE, rival, namesake and contemporary of the famous Sophie, Doctor

Veron's "blue ribbon," about 1844, was cook to the Comte Popinot on

the rue Basse-du-Rempart, Paris. She must have been a remarkable

culinary artist, for Sylvain Pons, reduced, in consequence of breaking

with the Camusots, to dining at home, on the rue de Normandie, every

day, often exclaimed in fits of melancholy, "O Sophie!" [Cousin Pons.]

SORBIER, a Parisian notary, to whom Chesnel (Choisnel) wrote, in 1822,

from Normandie, to commend to his care the rattle-brained Victurnien

d'Esgrignon. Unfortunately Sorbier was dead, and the letter was sent

to his widow. [Jealousies of a Country Town.]

SORBIER (Madame), wife of the preceding, mentioned in Chesnel's (or

Choisnel's) letter of 1822, concerning Victurnien d'Esgrignon. She

scarcely read the note, and simply sent it to her deceased husband's

successor, Maitre Cardot. Thus the widow unwittingly served M. du

Bousquier (du Croisier), the enemy of the D'Esgrignons. [Jealousies of

a Country Town.]

SORIA (Don Ferdinand, Duc de), younger brother of Don Felipe de

Macumer, overwhelmed with kindness by his elder brother, owing him the

duchy of Soria as well as the hand of Marie Heredia, both being

voluntarily renounced by the elder brother. Soria was not ungrateful;

he hastened to his dying brother's bedside in 1829. The latter's death

made Don Ferdinand Baron de Macumer. [Letters of Two Brides.]

SORIA (Duchesse de), wife of the preceding, born Marie Heredia,

daughter of the wealthy Comte Heredia, was loved by two brothers, Don

Ferdinand, Duc de Soria, and Don Felipe de Macumer. Though betrothed

to the latter, she married the former, in accordance with her wishes,

the Baron de Macumer having generously renounced her hand in favor of

Don Ferdinand. The duchess retained a feeling of deep gratitude to him

for his unselfishness, and at a later time bestowed every care on him

in his last illness (1829). [Letters of Two Brides.]

SORMANO, the "shy" servant of the Argaiolos, at the time of their

exile in Switzerland, figures, as a woman, under the name of Gina, in

the autobiographical novel of Albert Savarus, entitled "L'Ambitieux

par l'Amour." [Albert Savarus.]

SOUCHET, a broker at Paris, whose failure ruined Guillaume Grandet,

brother of the well-known cooper of Saumur. [Eugenie Grandet.]

SOUCHET (Francois), winner of the prix de Rome for his sculpture,

about the beginning of Louis XVIII.'s reign; an intimate friend of

Hippolyte Schinner, who confided to him his love for Adelaide

Leseigneur de Rouville, and was rallied on it by him. [The Purse.]

About 1835, with Steinbock's assistance, Souchet carved the panels

over the doors and mantels of Laginski's magnificent house on the rue

de la Pepiniere, Paris. [The Imaginary Mistress.] He had given to

Florine (afterwards Madame Raoul Nathan) a plaster cast of a group

representing an angel holding an aspersorium, which adorned the

actress's sumptuous apartments in 1834. [A Daughter of Eve.]

SOUDRY, born in 1773, a quartermaster, secured a valuable friend in M.

de Soulanges, then adjutant-general, by saving him at the peril of his

own life. Having become brigadier of gendarmes at Soulanges

(Bourgogne), Soudry, in 1815, married Mademoiselle Cochet, Sophie

Laguerre's former lady's-maid. Six years later, he was put on the

retired list, at the request of Montcornet, and replaced in his

brigade by Viallet; but, supported by the influence of Francois

Gaubertin, he was elected mayor of Soulanges, and became the

formidable enemy of the Montcornets. Like Gregoire Rigou, his son's

father-in-law, the old gendarme kept as his mistress, under the same

roof with his wife, his servant Jeannette, who was younger than Madame

Soudry. [The Peasantry.]

SOUDRY (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Cochet in 1763. Lady's-

maid to Sophie Laguerre, Montcornet's predecessor at Aigues, she had

an understanding with Francois Gaubertin, the steward of the estate,

to make a victim of the former opera singer. Twenty days after the

burial of her mistress, La Cochet married the brigadier, Soudry, a

superb specimen of manhood, though pitted with small-pox. During the

reign of Louis XVIII., Madame Soudry, who tried awkwardly enough to

imitate her late mistress, Sophie Laguerre, reigned supreme in the

society of Soulanges, in her parlor which was the meeting ground of

Montcornet's enemies. [The Peasantry.]

SOUDRY, natural son of Soudry, the brigadier of gendarmes; legitimized

at the time of his father's marriage to Mademoiselle Cochet, in 1815.

On the day on which Soudry became legally possessed of a mother, he

had just finished his course at Paris. There he knew Gaubertin's son,

during a stay which he had at first intended to make long enough to

entitle him to be registered as an advocate, and eventually to enter

the legal profession; but he returned to Bourgogne to take charge of

an attorney's practice for which his father paid thirty thousand

francs. However, abandoning pettifoggery, Soudry soon found himself

deputy king's attorney in a department of Bourgogne, and, in 1817,

king's attorney under Attorney-General Bourlac, whom he replaced in

1821, thanks to the influence of Francois Gaubertin. He then married

Mademoiselle Rigou. [The Peasantry.]

SOUDRY (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Arsene Rigou, the only

daughter of wealthy parents, Gregoire Rigou and Arsene Pichard;

resembled her father in cunningness of character, and her mother in

beauty. [The Peasantry.]

SOULANGES (Comte Leon de), born in 1777, was colonel of the artillery

guard in 1809. In the month of November of that year, he found himself

the guest of the Malin de Gondrevilles, in their mansion in Paris, on

the evening of a great party; he met there Montcornet, a friend of his

in the regiment; Madame de Vaudremont, who had once been his mistress,

accompanied by the Martial de la Roche-Hugon, her new lover; and

finally his deserted wife, Madame de Soulanges, who had abandoned

society, but who had come to the senator's house at the instigation of

Madame de Lansac, with a view to a reconciliation, which was

successfully carried out. [Domestic Peace.] Leon de Soulanges had

several children as a result of his marriage; a son and some

daughters; having refused one of his daughters in marriage to

Montcornet, on the ground that she was too young, he made an enemy of

that general. The count, remaining faithful to the Bourbons during the

Hundred Days, was made a peer of France and a general in the artillery

corps. Enjoying the favor of the Duc d'Angouleme, he was allowed a

command during the Spanish war (1823), gained prominence at the seige

of Cadiz and attained the highest degrees in the military hierarchy.

Monsieur de Soulanges, who was very rich, owned, in the territory of

the commune of Blangy (Bourgogne), a forest and a chateau adjoining

the Aigues estate, which had itself once belonged to the house of

Soulanges. At the time of the Crusades, an ancestor of the count had

created this domain. Soulanges's motto was: "Je soule agir." Like M.

de Ronquerolles he got on badly enough with his neighbor Montcornet

and seemed to favor Francois Gaubertin, Gregoire Rigou and Soudry, in

their opposition to the future marshal. [The Peasantry.]

SOULANGES (Comtesse Hortense de), wife of the preceding, and niece of

the Duchesses de Lansac and de Marigny. In November, 1809, at a ball

given by Malin de Gondreville, acting on the advice of Madame de

Lansac, the countess, then on bad terms with her husband, conquered

her proud timidity, and demanded of Martial de la Roche-Hugon a ring

that she had received originally from her husband; M. de Soulanges had

afterwards passed it on to his mistress, Madame de Vaudremont, who had

given it to her lover, M. de la Roche-Hugon; this restitution effected

the reconciliation of the couple. [Domestic Peace.] Hortense de

Soulanges inherited from Madame de Marigny (who died about 1820) the

Guebriant estate, with its encumbrance of an annuity. [The Thirteen.]

Madame de Soulanges followed her husband to Spain at the time of the

war of 1823. [The Peasantry.]

SOULANGES (Amelie de), youngest daughter of the preceding couple,

would have married the Comte Philippe de Brambourg, in 1828, but for

the condemning revelations made by Bixiou concerning Joseph Bridau's

brother. [A Bachelor's Establishment.]

SOULANGES (Vicomte de), probably a brother of the preceding, was, in

1836, commander of a squad of hussars at Fountainebleau; then, in

company with Maxime de Trailles, he was going to be second to Savinien

de Portenduere in a duel with Desire Minoret, but the duel was

prevented by the unforeseen death of the latter; the underlying cause

was the disgraceful conduct of the Minoret-Levraults towards Ursule

Mirouet, future Vicomtesse de Portenduere. [Ursule Mirouet.]

SOULAS (Amedee-Sylvain-Jacques de), born in 1809, a gentleman of

Besancon, of Spanish origin (the name was written Souleyas, when

Franche-Comte belonged to Spain), succeeded in shining brightly in the

capital of Doubs on an income of four thousand francs, which allowed

him to employ the services of "Babylas, the tiger." Such discrepancy

between his means and his manner of living may well convey an idea of

this fellow's character, seeing that he sought in vain the hand of

Rosalie de Watteville, but married, in the month of August, 1837,

Madame de Watteville, her widowed mother. [Albert Savarus.]

SOULAS (Madame Amedee de), born Clotilde-Louise de Rupt in 1798, stern

in features and in character, a blonde of the extreme type, was

married, in 1815, to the Baron de Watteville, whom she managed with

little difficulty. She did not find it so easy, however, to govern her

daughter, Rosalie, whom she vainly tried to force to marry M. de

Soulas. The pressure, at Besancon, of Albert Savarus, who was secretly

loved by Mademoiselle de Watteville, gave a political significance to

the salon of Rosalie's parents during the reign of Louis Philippe.

Tired of her daughter's obstinacy, Madame de Watteville, now a widow,

herself married M. de Soulas; she lived in Paris, in the winter at

least, and knew how to be mistress of her house there, as she always

had been elsewhere. [Albert Savarus.]

SPARCHMANN, hospital surgeon at Heilsberg, attended Colonel Chabert

after the battle of Eylau. [Colonel Chabert.]

SPENCER (Lord), about 1830, at Balthazar Claes's sale, bought some

magnificent wainscoting that had been carved by Van Huysum, as well as

the portrait of President Van Claes, a Fleming of the sixteenth

century,--family treasures which the father of Mesdames de Solis and

Pierquin was obliged to give up. [The Quest of the Absolute.]

SPIEGHALTER, a German mechanician, who lived in Paris on the rue de la

Sante, in the early part of Louis Philippe's reign, made unsuccessful

efforts, with the aid of pressure, hammering and rolling, to stretch

the anomalous piece of shagreen submitted to him by Raphael de

Valentin, at the suggestion of Planchette, professor of mechanics.

[The Magic Skin.]

SPONDE (Abbe de), born about 1746, was grand vicar of the bishopric of

Seez. Maternal uncle, guardian, guest, and boarder of Madame du

Bousquier--/nee/ Cormon--of Alencon; he died in 1819, almost blind,

and strangely depressed by his niece's recent marriage. Entirely

removed from worldly interests, he led an ascetic life, and an

uneventful one, entirely consumed in thoughts of salvation,

mortifications of the flesh, and secret works of charity. [Jealousies

of a Country Town.]

STAEL-HOLSTEIN (Anne-Louise-Germaine Necker, Baronne de), daughter of

the famous Necker of Geneva, born in Paris in 1766; became the wife of

the Swiss minister to France; author of "l'Allemagne," of "Corinne,"

and of "Delphine"; noted for her struggle against Napoleon Bonaparte;

mother-in-law of the Duc Victor de Broglie and grandmother of the

generation of the Broglies of the present day; died in the year 1817.

At various times she lived in the Vendomois in temporary exile. During

one of her first stays in the Loire, she was greeted with the singular

formula of admiration, "Fameuse garce!" [The Chouans.] At a later

period, Madame de Stael came upon Louis Lambert, then a ragged urchin,

absorbed in reading a translation of Swedenborg's "Heaven and Hell."

She was struck with him, and had him educated at the college of

Vendome, where he had the future minister, Jules Dufaure, as his boon

companion; but she forgot her protege, who was ruined rather than

benefited by this passing interest. [Louis Lambert.] About 1823 Louise

de Chaulieu (Madame Marie Gaston) believed that Madame de Stael was

still alive, though she died in 1817. [Letters of Two Brides.]

STANHOPE (Lady Esther), niece of Pitt, met Lamartine in Syria, who

described her in his "Voyage en Orient"; had sent Lady Dudley an

Arabian horse, that the latter gave to Felix de Vandenesse in exchange

for a Rembrandt. [The Lily of the Valley.] Madame de Bargeton, growing

weary of Angouleme in the first years of the Restoration, was envious

of this "blue-stocking of the desert." Lady Esther's father, Earl

Charles Stanhope, Viscount Mahon, a peer of England, and a

distinguished scholar, invented a printing press, known to fame as the

Stanhope press, of which the miserly and mechanical Jerome-Nicholas

Sechard expressed a contemptuous opinion to his son. [Lost Illusions.]

STAUB, a German, and a Parisian tailor of reputation; in 1821, made

for Lucien de Rubempre, presumably on credit, some garments that he

went in person to try on the poet at the Hotel du Gaillard-Bois, on

the rue de l'Echelle. Shortly afterwards, he again favored Lucien, who

was brought to his establishment by Coralie. [A Distinguished

Provincial at Paris.]

STEIBELT, a famous musician, during the Empire was the instructor of

Felicite des Touches at Nantes. [Beatrix.]

STEINBOCK (Count Wenceslas), born at Prelie (Livonia) in 1809; great-

nephew of one of Charles XII.'s generals. An exile from his youth, he

went to Paris to live, and, from inclination as much as on account of

his poverty, he became a carver and sculptor. As assistant to Francois

Souchet, a fellow-countryman of Laginski's, Wenceslas Steinbock worked

on the decorations of the Pole's mansion, on the rue de la Pepiniere.

[The Imaginary Mistress.] Living amid squalor on the rue du Doyenne,

he was saved from suicide by his spinster neighbor, Lisbeth Fischer,

who restored his courage and determination, and aided him with her

resources. Wenceslas Steinbock then worked and succeeded. A chance

that brought one of his works to the notice of the Hulot d'Ervys

brought him into connection with these people; he fell in love with

their daughter, and, the love being returned, he married her. Orders

then came in quick succession to Wenceslas, living, as he did, on the

rue Saint-Dominique-Saint-Germain, near the Esplanade des Invalides,

not far from the marble stores, where the government had allowed him a

studio. His services were secured for the work of a monument to be

erected to the Marechal de Montcornet. But Lisbeth Fischer's

vindictive hatred, as well as his own weakness of character, caused

him to fall beneath the fatal dominion of Valerie Marneffe, whose

lover he became; with Stidmann, Vignon, and Massol, he witnessed that

woman's second marriage. Steinbock returned to the conjugal domicile

on the rue Louis-le-Grand, towards the latter part of Louis Philippe's

reign. An exhausted artist, he confined himself to the barren role of

critic; idle reverie replaced power of conception. [Cousin Betty.]

STEINBOCK (Countess Wenceslas), wife of the preceding; born Hortense

Hulot d'Ervy in 1817; daughter of Hector Hulot d'Ervy and Adeline

Fischer; younger sister of Victorin Hulot. Beautiful, and occupying a

brilliant position in society through her parents, but lacking dowry,

she made choice of husband for herself. Endowed with enduring pride of

spirit, Madame Steinbock could with difficulty excuse Wenceslas for

being unfaithful, and pardoned his disloyalty only after a long while.

Her trials ended with the last years of Louis Philippe's reign. The

wisdom and foresight of her brother Victorin, coupled with the results

of the wills of the Marechal Hulot, Lisbeth Fischer, and Valerie

Crevel, at last brought wealth to the countess's household, who lived

successively on the rue Saint-Dominique-Saint-Germain, the rue Plumet,

and the rue Louis-le-Grand. [Cousin Betty.]

STEINBOCK (Wenceslas), only son of the preceding couple, born when his

parents were living together, stayed with his mother after their

separation. [Cousin Betty.]

STEINGEL, an Alsatian, natural son of General Steingel, who fell at

the beginning of the Italian campaigns during the Republic; was, in

Bourgogne, about 1823, under head-keeper Michaud, one of the three

keepers of Montcornet's estates. [The Gondreville Mystery. The

Peasantry.]

STEVENS (Miss Dinah), born in 1791, daughter of an English brewer,

ugly enough, saving, and puritanical, had an income of two hundred and

forty thousand francs and expectations of as much more at her father's

death; the Marquise de Vordac, who met her at some watering-place in

1827, spoke of her to her son Marsay, as a very fine match, and Marsay

pretended that he was to marry the heiress; which he probably did, for

he left a widow that erected to him, at Pere-Lachaise, a superb

monument, the work of Stidmann. [A Marriage Settlement. Cousin Pons.]

STIDMANN, a celebrated carver and sculptor of Paris at the times of

the Restoration and Louis Philippe; Wenceslas Steinbock's teacher; he

carved, for the consideration of seven thousand francs, a

representation of a fox-chase on the ruby-set gold handle of a riding

whip that Ernest de la Briere gave to Modeste Mignon. [Modeste

Mignon.] At the request of Fabien de Ronceret, Stidmann undertook to

decorate an apartment for him on the rue Blanche [Beatrix.], he made

the originals of a chimney-piece for the Hulot d'Ervys; was among the

guests invited by Mademoiselle Brisetout at her little house-warming

on the rue Chauchat (1838); the same year he was present at the

celebration of Wenceslas Steinbock's marriage with Hortense Hulot;

knew Dorlange-Sallenauve; with Vignon, Steinbock and Massol, he was a

witness of Valerie Marneffe's second marriage to Celestin Crevel;

entertained a secret love for Madame Steinbock when she was neglected

by her husband [The Member for Arcis. Cousin Betty.]; executed the

work of Charles Keller's and Marsay's monuments. [Cousin Pons.] In

1845 Stidmann entered the Institute. [The Unconscious Humorists.]

STOPFER (Monsieur and Madame), formerly coopers at Neuchatel, in 1823;

were proprietors of an inn at Gersau (canton of Lucerne), near the

lake, to which Rodolphe came. The same village sheltered the

Gandolphinis, disguised under the name of Lovelace. [Albert Savarus.]

SUCY (General Baron Philippe de), born in 1789, served under the

Empire; on one occasion, at the crossing of the Beresina, he tried to

assure the safety of his mistress, Stephanie de Vandieres, a general's

wife, of whom he afterwards lost all trace. Seven years later,

however, being a colonel and an officer in the Legion of Honor, while

hunting with his friend, the Marquis d'Albon, near the Isle-Adam, Sucy

found Madame de Vandieres insane, under the charge of the alienist

Fanjat, and he undertook to restore her reason. With this end in view,

he arranged an exact reproduction of the parting scenes of 1812, on an

estate of his at Saint-Germain. The mad-woman recognized him indeed,

but she died immediately. Having gained the promotion of general, Sucy

committed suicide, the prey of incurable despair. [Farewell.]

SUZANNE, real given name of Madame Theodore Gaillard.

SUZANNET was, with the Abbe Vernal, the Comte de Fontaine, and M. de

Chatillon, one of the four Vendean chiefs at the time of the uprising

in the West in 1799. [The Chouans.]

SUZETTE, during the first years of Louis XVIII.'s reign, was lady's-

maid to Antoinette de Langeais, in Paris, about the time that the

duchess was receiving attentions from Montriveau. [The Thirteen.]

SUZON was for a long time valet de chambre for Maxime de Trailles. [A

Man of Business. The Member for Arcis.]

SYLVIE, cook for Madame Vauquer, the widow, on the rue Neuve-Saint-

Genevieve, during the years 1819 and 1820, at the time when Jean-

Joachim Goriot, Eugene de Rastignac, Jacques Collin, Horace Bianchon,

the Poirets, Madame Couture, and Victorine Taillefer boarded there.

[Father Goriot.]

TABAREAU, bailiff of the justice of the peace in the eighth ward of

Paris in 1844-1845. He was on good terms with Fraisier, the business

agent. Madame Cibot, door-keeper, on the rue de Normandie, retained

Tabareau to make a demand for her upon Schmucke for the payment of

three thousand one hundred and ninety-two francs, due her from the

German musician and Pons, for board, lodging, taxes, etc. [Cousin

Pons.]

TABAREAU (Mademoiselle), only child of Tabareau, the bailiff; a large,

red-haired consumptive; was heir, through her mother, of a house on

the Place Royale; a fact which made her hand sought by Fraisier, the

business agent. [Cousin Pons.]

TABOUREAU, formerly a day-laborer, and afterwards, during the

Restoration, a grain-dealer and money-lender in the commune of Isere,

of which Doctor Benassis was mayor. He was a thin man, very wrinkled,

bent almost double, with thin lips, and a hooked chin that almost made

connection with his nose, little gray eyes spotted with black, and as

sly as a horse-trader. [The Country Doctor.]

TAILLEFER (Jean-Frederic), born about 1779 at Beauvais; by means of a

crime, in 1799, he laid the foundations of his fortune, which was

considerable. In an inn near Andernach, Rhenish Prussia, Jean-Frederic

Taillefer, then a surgeon in the army, killed and robbed, one night, a

rich native tradesman, Monsieur Walhenfer, by name; however, he was

never incommoded by this murder; for accusing appearances pointed to

his friend, colleague and fellow-countryman, Prosper Magnan, who was

executed. Returning to Paris, J.-F. Taillefer was from that time forth

a wealthy and honored personage. He was captain of the first company

of grenadiers of the National Guard, and an influencial banker;

received much attention during the funeral obsequies of J.-B.

d'Aldrigger; made successful speculations in Nucingen's third venture.

He was married twice, and was brutal in his treatment of his first

wife (a relative of Madame Couture) who bore him two children,

Frederic-Michel and Victorine. He was owner of a magnificent mansion

on the rue Joubert. In Louis Philippe's reign he entertained in this

mansion with one of the most brilliant affairs ever known, according

to the account of the guests present, among whom were Blondet,

Rastignac, Valentin, Cardot, Aquilina de la Garde, and Euphrasie. M.

Taillefer suffered, nevertheless, morally and physically; in the first

place because of the crime that he had previously committed, for

remorse for this deed came over him every fall, that being the time of

its perpetration; in the second place, because of gout in the head,

according to Doctor Brousson's diagnosis. Though well cared for by his

second wife, and by his daughter of the first wife, Jean-Frederic died

some time after a sumptuous feast given at his house. An evening

passed in the salon of a banker, father of Mademoiselle Fanny,

hastened Taillefer's end; for there he was obliged to listen to

Hermann's story about the unjust martyrdom of Magnan. The funeral

notice read as follows: "You are invited to be present at the funeral

services of M. Jean-Frederic Taillefer, of the firm Taillefer &

Company, formerly contractor for supplies, in his life-time Knight of

the Legion of Honor and of the Golden Spur, Captain of the National

Guard of Paris, died May 1st, at his mansion, rue Joubert. The

services will be conducted at --, etc. In behalf of----," etc. [The

Firm of Nucingen. Father Goriot. The Magic Skin. The Red Inn.]

TAILLEFER (Madame), first wife of the preceding, and mother of

Frederic-Michel and Victorine Taillefer. As the result of the harsh

treatment by her husband, who unjustly suspected her of being

unfaithful, she died of a broken heart, presumably at quite an early

age. [Father Goriot.]

TAILLEFER (Madame), second wife of Jean-Frederic Taillefer, who

married her as a speculation, but even then made her happy. She seemed

to be devoted to him. [The Red Inn.]

TAILLEFER (Frederic-Michel), son of Jean-Frederic Taillefer by his

first wife, did not even try to protect his sister, Victorine, from

her father's unjust persecutions. Designated heir of the whole of his

father's great fortune, he was killed, in 1819, near Clignancourt, by

a dexterous and unerring stroke, in a duel with Colonel Franchessini,

the duel being instigated by Jacques Collin, in the interest of Eugene

de Rastignac, though the latter knew nothing of the matter. [Father

Goriot.]

TAILLEFER (Victorine), sister of the preceding, and daughter of Jean-

Frederic Taillefer by his first wife; a distant cousin of Madame

Couture; her mother having died in 1819, she wrongfully passed in her

father's opinion for "the child of adulterous connections"; was turned

away from her father's house, and sought protection with her

kinswoman, Madame Couture, the widow of Couture the ordainer, on the

rue Neuve-Saint-Genevieve, in Madame Vauquer's boarding-house; there

she fell in love with Eugene de Rastignac; by the death of her brother

she became heir to all the property of her father, Jean-Frederic

Taillefer, whose death-bed she comforted in every way possible.

Victorine Taillefer probably remained single. [Father Goriot. The Red

Inn.]

TALLEYRAND-PERIGORD (Charles-Maurice de), Prince de Benevent, Bishop

of Autun, ambassador and minister, born in Paris, in 1754, died in

1838, at his home on the rue Saint-Florentin.[*] Talleyrand gave

attention to the insurrectional stir that arose in Bretagne, under the

direction of the Marquis de Montauran, about 1799. [The Chouans.] The

following year (June, 1800), on the eve of the battle of Marengo, M.

de Talleyrand conferred with Malin de Gondreville, Fouche, Carnot, and

Sieyes, about the political situation. In 1804 he received M. de

Chargeboeuf, M. d'Hauteserre the elder, and the Abbe Goujet, who came

to urge him to have the names of Robert and Adrien d'Hauteserre and

Paul-Marie and Marie-Paul de Simeuse erased from the list of

emigrants; some time afterwards, when these latter were condemned,

despite their innocence, as guilty of the abduction and detention of

Senator Malin, he made every effort to secure their pardon, at the

earnest instance of Maitre Bordin, as well as the Marquis de

Chargeboeuf. At the hour of the execution of the Duc d'Enghien, which

he had perhaps advised, he was found with Madame de Luynes in time to

give her the news of it, at the exact moment of its happening. M. de

Talleyrand was very fond of Antoinette de Langeais. A frequent visitor

of the Chaulieus, he was even more intimate with their near relative,

the elderly Princesse de Vauremont, who made him executor of her will.

[The Gondreville Mystery. The Thirteen. Letters of Two Brides.]

Fritot, in selling his famous "Selim" shawl to Mistress Noswell, made

use of a cunning that certainly would not have deceived the

illustrious diplomat; one day, indeed, on noticing the hesitation of a

fashionable lady as between two bracelets, Talleyrand asked the

opinion of the clerk who was showing the jewelry, and advised the

purchase of the one rejected by the latter. [Gaudissart II.]

[*] Alexander I., Czar of Russia, once stayed at this house, which is

now owned and occupied by the Baron Alphonse de Rothschild.

TARLOWSKI, a Pole; colonel in the Imperial Guard; ordnance officer

under Napoleon Bonaparte; friend of Poniatowski; made a match between

his daughter and Bourlac. [The Seamy Side of History.]

TASCHERON, a very upright farmer, in a small way, in the market town

of Montegnac, nine leagues distant from Limoges; left his village in

August, 1829, immediately after the execution of his son, Jean-

Francois. With his wife, parents, children and grandchildren, he

sailed for America, where he prospered and founded the town of

Tascheronville in the State of Ohio. [The Country Parson.]

TASCHERON (Jean-Francois), one of the sons of the preceding, born

about 1805, a porcelain maker, working successively with Messieurs

Graslin and Philippart; at the end of Charles X.'s reign, he committed

a triple crime which, owing to his excellent character and

antecedents, seemed for a long time inexplicable. Jean-Francois

Tascheron fell in love with the wife of his first employer, Pierre

Graslin, and she reciprocated the passion; to prepare a way for them

to escape together, he went one night to the house of Pingret, a rich

and miserly husbandman in the Faubourg Saint-Etienne, robbed him of a

large sum of money, and, thinking to assure his safety, murdered the

old man and his servant, Jeanne Malassis. Being arrested, despite his

precautions, Jean-Francois Tascheron made especial effort not to

compromise Madame Graslin. Condemned to death, he refused to confess,

and was deaf to the prayers of Pascal, the chaplain, yielding

somewhat, however, to his other visitors, the Abbe Bonnet, his mother,

and his sister Denise; as a result of their influence he restored a

considerable portion of the hundred thousand francs stolen. He was

executed at Limoges, in August, 1829. He was the natural father of

Francois Graslin. [The Country Parson.]

TASCHERON (Louis-Marie), a brother of the preceding; with Denise

Tascheron (afterwards Denise Gerard) he fulfilled a double mission: he

destroyed the traces of the crime of Jean-Francois, that might betray

Madame Graslin, and restored the rest of the stolen money to Pingret's

heirs, Monsieur and Madame de Vanneaulx. [The Country Parson.]

TASCHERON (Denise), a sister of the preceding. (See Gerard, Madame

Gregoire.)

TAUPIN, cure of Soulanges (Bourgogne), cousin of the Sarcus family and

Sarcus-Taupin, the miller. He was a man of ready wit, of happy

disposition, and on good terms with all his parishioners. [The

Peasantry.]

TERNNICK (De), Duc de Casa-Real, which name see.

TERRASSE AND DUCLOS, keepers of records at the Palais, in 1822;

consulted at that time with success by Godeschal. [A Start in Life.]

THELUSSON, a banker, one of whose clerks was Lemprun before he entered

the Banque de France as messenger. [The Middle Classs.]

THERESE, lady's-maid to Madame de Nucingen during the Restoration and

the reign of Louis Philippe. [Father Goriot. A Daughter of Eve.]

THERESE, lady's-maid to Madame Xavier Rabourdin, on the rue Duphot,

Paris, in 1824. [The Government Clerks.]

THERESE, lady's-maid to Madame de Rochefide in the latter part of

Charles X.'s reign, and during the reign of Louis Philippe. [Beatrix.]

THERESE (Sister), the name under which Antoinette de Langeais died,

after she had taken the veil, and retired to the convent of bare-

footed Carmelites on an island belonging to Spain, probably the island

of Leon. [The Thirteen.]

THIBON (Baron), chief of the Comptoir d'Escompte, in 1818, had been a

colleague of Cesar Birotteau, the perfumer. [Cesar Birotteau.]

THIRION, usher to the closet of King Louis XVIII., was on terms of

intimacy with the Ragons, and was invited to Cesar Birotteau's famous

ball on December 17, 1818, together with his wife and his daughter

Amelie, one of Servin's pupils who married Camusot de Marville. [The

Vendetta. Cesar Birotteau.] The emoluments of his position, obtained

by the patronage that his zeal deservedly acquired, enabled him to lay

by a considerable sum, which the Camusot de Marvilles inherited.

[Jealousies of a Country Town.]

THOMAS was owner of a large house in Bretagne, that Marie de Verneuil

(Madame Alphonse de Montauran) bought for Francine de Cottin, her

lady's maid, and a niece of Thomas. [The Chouans.]

THOMAS (Madame) was a milliner in Paris towards the latter part of the

reign of Charles X.; it was to her establishment that Frederic de

Nucingen, after being driven to the famous pastry shop of Madame

Domas, an error arising from his Alsatian pronunciation, betook

himself in quest of a black satin cape, lined with pink, for Esther

van Gobseck. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

THOMIRE contributed to the material splendors of the famous

entertainment given by Frederic Taillefer, about 1831, at his mansion

on the rue Joubert, Paris. [The Magic Skin.]

THOREC, an anagram of Hector, and one of the names successively

assumed by Baron Hector Hulot d'Ervy, after deserting his conjugal

roof. [Cousin Betty.]

THOREIN, a carpenter, was employed in making changes in Cesar

Birotteau's apartments some days before the famous ball given by the

perfumer on December 17, 1818. [Cesar Birotteau.]

THOUL, anagram of the word Hulot, and one of the names successively

assumed by Baron Hector Hulot d'Ervy, after his desertion of the

conjugal roof. [Cousin Betty.]

THOUVENIN, famous in his work, but an unreliable tradesman, was

employed, in 1818, by Madame Anselme Popinot (then Mademoiselle

Birotteau) to rebind for her father, the perfumer, the works of

various authors. [Cesar Birotteau.] Thouvenin, as an artist, was in

love with his own works--like Servais, the favorite gilder of Elie

Magus. [Cousin Pons.]

THUILLIER was first door-keeper of the minister of finance in the

second half of the eighteenth century; by furnishing meals to the

clerks he realized from his position a regular annual income of almost

four thousand francs; being married and the father of two children,

Marie-Jeanne-Brigitte and Louis-Jerome, he retired from active duties

about 1806, and, losing his wife in 1810, he himself died in 1814. He

was commonly called "Stout Father Thuillier." [The Government Clerks.

The Middle Classes.]

THUILLIER (Marie-Jeanne-Brigitte), daughter of the preceding, born in

1787, of independent disposition and of obstinate will, chose the

single state to become, as it were, the ambitious mother of Louis-

Jerome, a brother younger than herself by four years. She began life

by making coin-bags at the Bank of France, then engaged in money-

lending; took every advantage of her debtors, among others Fleury, her

father's colleague at the Treasury. Being now rich, she met the

Lempruns and the Galards; took upon herself the management of the

small fortune of their heir, Celeste Lemprum, whom she had selected

specially to be the wife of her brother; after their marriage she

lived with her brother's family; was also one of Mademoiselle

Colleville's god-mothers. On the rue Saint-Dominique-d'Enfer, and on

the Place de la Madeleine, she showed herself many times to be the

friend of Theodose de la Peyrade, who vainly sought the hand of the

future Madame Phellion. [The Government Clerks. The Middle Classes.]

THUILLIER (Louis-Jerome), younger brother of the preceding, born in

1791. Thanks to his father's position, he entered the Department of

Finance as clerk at an early age. Louis-Jerome Thuillier, being

exempted from military service on account of weak eyes, married

Celeste Lemprun, Galard's wealthy granddaughter, about 1814. Ten years

later he had reached the advancement of reporting clerk, in Xavier

Rabourdin's office, Flamet de la Billardiere's division. His pleasing

exterior gave him a series of successes in love affairs, that was

continued after his marriage, but cut short by the Restoration,

bringing back, as it did, with peace, the gallants escaped from the

battlefield. Among his amorous conquests may be counted Madame Flavie

Colleville, wife of his intimate friend and colleague at the Treasury;

of their relations was born Celeste Colleville--Madame Felix Phellion.

Having been deputy-chief for two years (since January 5, 1828), he

left the Treasury at the outbreak of the Revolution of 1830. In him

the office lost an expert in equivocal jests. Having left the

department, Thuillier turned his energies in another direction. Marie-

Jeanne-Brigette, his elder sister, turning him to the intricacies of

real estate, made him leave their lodging-place on the rue

d'Argenteuil, to purchase a house on the rue Saint-Dominique-d'Enfer,

which had formerly belonged to President Lecamus and to Petitot, the

artist. Thuillier's conceit and vanity, now that he had become a well-

known and important citizen, were greatly flattered when Theodose de

la Peyrade hired apartments from him. M. Thuillier was manager of the

"Echo de la Bievre," signed a certain pamphlet on political economy,

was candidate for the Chamber of Deputies, purchased a second house,

in 1840, on the Place de la Madeleine, and was chosen to succeed J.-J.

Popinot as member of the General Council of the Seine. [The Government

Clerks. The Middle Classes.]

THUILLIER (Madame), wife of the preceding; born Celeste Lemprun, in

1794; only daughter of the oldest messenger in the Bank of France,

and, on her mother's side, granddaughter od Galard, a well-to-do

truck-gardener of Auteuil; a transparent blonde, slender, sweet-

tempered, religious, and barren. In her married life, Madame Thuillier

was swayed beneath the despotism of her sister-in-law, Marie-Jeanne-

Brigitte, but derived some consolation from the affection of Celeste

Colleville, and, about 1841, contributed as far as her influence

permitted, to the marriage of this her god-daughter. [The Middle

Classes.]

TIENNETTE, born in 1769, a Breton who wore her native costume, was, in

1829, the devoted servant of Madame de Portenduere the elder, on the

rue des Bourgeois (now Bezout), Nemours. [Ursule Mirouet.]

TILLET (Ferdinand du), had legally a right only to the first part of

his name, which was given him on the morning of Saint-Ferdinand's day

by the curate of the church of Tillet, a town near Andelys (Eure).

Ferdinand was the son of an unknown great nobleman and a poor

countrywoman of Normandie, who was delivered of her son one night in

the curate's garden, and then drowned herself. The priest took in the

new born son of the betrayed mother and took care of him. His

protector being dead, Ferdinand resolved to make his own way in the

world, took the name of his village, was first commercial traveler,

and, in 1814, he became head clerk in Birotteau's perfumery

establishment on the rue Saint-Honore, Paris. While there he tried,

but without success, to win Constance Birotteau, his patron's wife,

and stole three thousand francs from the cash drawer. They discovered

the theft and forgave the offender, but in such a way that Du Tillet

himself was offended. He left the business and started a bank; being

the lover of Madame Roguin, the notary's wife, he became involved in

the business scheme known as "the lands of the Madeleine," the

original cause of Birotteau's failure and of his own fortune (1818).

Ferdinand du Tillet, now a lynx of almost equal prominence with

Nucingen, with whom he was on very intimate terms, being loved by

Mademoiselle Malvina d'Aldrigger, being looked up to by the Kellers

also, and being further the patron of Tiphaine, the Provins Royalist,

was able to crush Birotteau, and triumphed over him, even on December

17, 1818, the evening of the famous ball given by the perfumer; Jules

Desmarets, Benjamin de la Billiardiere, and he were the only perfect

types present of worldly propriety and distinction. [Cesar Birotteau.

The Firm of Nucingen. The Middle Classes. A Bachelor's Establishment.

Pierrette.] Once started, M. du Tillet seldom left the Chaussee

d'Antin, the financial quarter of Paris, during the Restoration and

the reign of Louis Philippe. It was there that he received Birotteau,

imploring aid, and gave him a letter of recommendation for Nucingen,

the result of which was quite different from what the unfortunate

merchant had anticipated. Indeed, it was agreed between the two

business men, if the i's in the letter in question were not dotted, to

give a negative answer; by this intentional omission, Du Tillet ruined

the unfortunate Birotteau. He had his bank on the rue Joubert when

Rodolphe Castanier, the dishonest cashier, robbed Nucingen. [Melmoth

Reconciled.] Ferdinand du Tillet was now a consequential personage,

when Lucien de Rubempre was making his start in Paris (1821). [A

Distinguished Provincial at Paris.] Ten years later he married his

last daughter to the Comte de Granville, a peer of France, and "one of

the most illustrious names of the French magistracy." He occupied one

of the elegant mansions on the rue Neuve-des-Mathurins, now rue des

Mathurins; for a long time he kept Madame Roguin as his mistress; was

often seen, in the Faubourg Saint-Honore, with the Marquise d'Espard,

being found there on the day that Diane de Cadignan was slandered in

the presence of Daniel d'Arthez, who was very much in love with her.

With Massol and Raoul Nathan he founded a prominent newspaper, which

he used for his financial interests. He did not hesitate to get rid of

Nathan, who was loaded down with debts; but he found Nathan before him

once more, however, as candidate for the Chamber of Deputies, to

succeed Nucingen, who had been made a peer of France; this time, also,

he triumphed over his rival, and was elected. [The Secrets of a

Princess. A Daughter of Eve.] M. du Tillet was no more sparing of

Maxime de Trailles, but harassed him pitilessly, when the count was

sent into Champagne as electoral agent of the government. [The Member

for Arcis.] He was present at the fete given by Josepha Mirah, by way

of a house-warming, in her mansion on the rue de la Ville-l'Eveque;

Celestin Crevel and Valerie Marneffe invited him to their wedding.

[Cousin Betty.] At the end of the monarchy of July, being a deputy,

with his seat in the Left Centre, Ferdinand du Tillet kept in the most

magnificent style Seraphine Sinet, the Opera girl, more familiarly

called Carabine. [The Unconscious Humorists.] There is a biography of

Ferdinand du Tillet, elaborated by the brilliant pen of Jules

Claretie, in "Le Temps" of September 5, 1884, under title of "Life in

Paris."

TILLET (Madame Ferdinand du), wife of the preceding, born Marie-

Eugenie de Granville in 1814, one of the four children of the Comte

and Comtesse de Granville, and younger sister of Madame Felix de

Vandenesse; a blonde like her mother; in her marriage, which took

place in 1831, was a renewal of the griefs that had sobered the years

of her youth. Eugenie du Tillet's natural playfulness of spirit could

find vent only with her eldest sister, Angelique-Marie, and their

harmony teacher, W. Schmucke, in whose company the two sisters forgot

their father's neglect and the convent-like rigidness of a devotee's

home. Poor in the midst of wealth, deserted by her husband, and bent

beneath an inflexible yoke, Madame du Tillet could lend but too little

aid to her sister--then Madame de Vandenesse--in the trouble caused by

a passion she had conceived for Raoul Nathan. However, she supplied

her with two powerful allies--Delphine de Nucingen and W. Schmucke. As

a result of her marriage Madame du Tillet had two children. [A

Daughter of Eve.]

TINTENIAC, known for his part in the Quiberon affair, had among his

confederates Jacques Horeau, who was executed in 1809 with the

Chauffeurs of Orne. [The Seamy Side of History.]

TINTI (Clarina), born in Sicily about 1803; was maid in an inn, when

her glorious voice came under the notice of a great nobleman, her

fellow-countryman, the Duke Cataneo, who had her educated. At the age

of sixteen, she made her debut with brilliant success at several

Italian theatres. In 1820, she was "prima donna assoluta" of the

Fenice theatre, Venice. Being loved by Genovese, the famous tenor,

Tinti was usually engaged with him. Of a passionate nature, beautiful

and capricious, Clarina became enamored of Prince Emilio du Varese, at

that time the lover of the Duchesse Cataneo, and became, for a while,

the mistress of that descendant of the Memmis: the ruined palace of

Varese, which Cataneo hired for Tinti, was the scene of these

ephemeral relations. [Massimilla Doni.] In the winter of 1823-1824, at

the home of Prince Gandolphini, in Geneva, with Genovese, Princesse

Gandolphini, and an exiled Italian prince, she sang the famous

quartette, "Mi manca la voce." [Albert Savarus.]

TIPHAINE, of Provins, brother of Madame Guenee-Galardon, rich in his

own right, and expecting something more by way of inheritance from his

father, adopted the legal profession; married a granddaughter of

Chevrel, a prominent banker of Paris; had children by his marriage;

presided over the court of his native town in the latter part of

Charles X.'s reign. At that time an ardent Royalist, and resting

secure under the patronage of the well-known financiers, Ferdinand du

Tillet and Frederic de Nucingen, M. Tiphaine contended against

Gouraud, Vinet, and Rogron, the local representatives of the Liberal

party, and for a considerable time upheld the cause of Mademoiselle

Pierrette Lorrain, their victim. Tiphaine, however, suited himself to

the circumstances, and came over to Louis Philippe, the

"revolutionist," under whose reign he became a member of the Chamber

of Deputies; he was "one of the most esteemed orators of the Centre";

secured his appointment to the judgeship of the court of first

instance of the Seine, and still later he was made president of the

royal court. [Pierrette.]

TIPHAINE (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Mathilde-Melanie

Roguin, in the early part of the nineteenth century; the only daughter

of a wealthy notary of Paris, noted for his fraudulent failure in

1819; on her mother's side, granddaughter of Chevrel, the banker, and

also distant cousin of the Guillaumes, and the families of Lebas and

Sommervieux. Before her marriage she was a frequent visitor at the

studio of Servin, the artist; she was there "the malicious oracle" of

the Liberal party, and, with Laure, took sides with Ginevra di Piombo

against Amelie Thirion, leader of the aristocratic group. [The

Vendetta.] Clever, pretty, coquettish, correct, and a real Parisian,

and protected by Madame Roguin's lover, Ferdinand du Tillet, Mathilde-

Melanie Tiphaine reigned supreme in Provins, in the midst of the

Guenee family, represented by Mesdames Galardon, Lessourd, Martener,

and Auffray; took in, or, rather, defended Pierrette Lorrain; and

overwhelmed the Rogron salon with her spirit of raillery. [Pierrette.]

TISSOT (Pierre-Francois), born March 10, 1768, at Versailles, died

April 7, 1854; general secretary of the Maintenance Commission in

1793, successor to Jacques Delille in the chair of Latin poetry in the

College de France; a member of the Academy in 1833, and the author of

many literary and historical works; under the Restoration he was

managing editor of the "Pilote," a radical sheet that published a

special edition of the daily news for the provinces, a few hours after

the morning papers. Horace Bianchon, the house-surgeon, there learned

of the death of Frederic-Michel Taillefer, who had been killed in a

duel with Franchessini. [Father Goriot.] In the reign of Louis

Philippe, when Charles-Edouard Rusticoli de la Palferine's burning

activity vainly sought an upward turn, Tissot, from the professor's

chair, pleaded the cause of the rights and aspirations of youth that

had been ignored and despised by the power surrendered into the hands

of superannuated mossbacks. [A Prince of Bohemia.]

TITO, a young and handsome Italian, in 1823, brought "la liberta e

denaro" to the Prince and Princess Gandolphini, who were at that time

impoverished outlaws, living in concealment at Gersau (canton of

Lucerne) under the English name of Lovelace--"L'Ambitieux par Amour."

[Albert Savarus.]

TOBY, born in Ireland about 1807; also called Joby, and Paddy; during

the Restoration, Beaudenord's "tiger" on the Quai Malaquais, Paris; a

wonder of precocity in vice; acquired a sort of celebrity in exercise

of his duties, a celebrity that was even reflected on Madame

d'Aldrigger's future son-in-law. [The Firm of Nucingen.] During Louis

Philippe's reign, Toby was a servant in the household of the Duc

Georges de Maufrigneuse on the rue Miromesnil. [The Secrets of a

Princess.]

TONNELET (Matire), a notary, and son-in-law of M. Gravier of Isere,

whose intimate friend was Benassis, and who was one of the co-workers

of that beneficent physician. Tonnelet was thin and pale, and of

medium height; he generally dressed in black, and wore spectacles.

[The Country Doctor.]

TONSARD (Mere), a peasant woman of Bourgogne, born in 1745, was one of

the most formidable enemies of Montcornet, the owner of Aigues, and of

his head-keeper, Justine Michaud. She had killed the keeper's favorite

hound and she encroached upon the forest trees, so as to kill them and

take the dead wood off. A reward of a thousand francs having been

offered to the person who should discover the perpetrator of these

wrongs, Mere Tonsard had herself denounced by her granddaughter, Marie

Tonsard, in order to secure this sum of money to her family, and she

was sentenced to five years' imprisonment, though she probably did not

serve her term. Mere Bonnebault committed the same offences as Mere

Tonsard; they had a quarrel, each wishing to profit by the advantages

of a denunciation, and had ended by referring the matter to the

casting of lots, which resulted in favor of Mere Tonsard. [The

Peasantry.]

TONSARD (Francois), son of the preceding, born about 1773, was a

country laborer, skilled more or less in everything; he possessed a

hereditary talent, attested, moreover, by his name, for trimming

trees, and various kinds of hedges. Lazy and crafty, Francois Tonsard

secured from Sophie Laguerre, Montcornet's predecessor at Aigues, an

acre of land, on which he built, in 1795, the wine-shop known as the

Grand-I-Vert. He was saved from conscription by Francois Gaubertin, at

that time steward of Aigues, at the urgent request of Mademoiselle

Cochet, their common mistress. Being then married to Philippine

Fourchon, and Gaubertin having become his wife's lover, he could poach

with freedom, and so it was that the Tonsard family made regular

levies on the Aigues forest with impunity: they supplied themselves

entirely from the wood of the forest, kept two cows at the expense of

the landlord, and were represented at the harvest by seven gleaners.

Being incommoded by the active watch kept over them by Justine

Michaud, Gaubertin's successor, Tonsard killed him, one night in 1823.

Afterwards in the dismemberment of Montcornet's estate, Tonsard got

his share of the spoils. [The Peasantry.]

TONSARD (Madame), wife of the preceding; born Philippe Fourchon;

daughter of the Fourchon who was the natural grandfather of Mouche;

large, and of a good figure, with a sort of rustic beauty; lax in

morals; extravagant in her tastes, none the less she assured the

prosperity of the Grand-I-Vert, by reason of her talent as a cook, and

her free coquetry. By her marriage she had four children, two sons and

two daughters. [The Peasantry.]

TONSARD (Jean-Louis), born about 1801, son of the preceding, and

perhaps also of Francois Gaubertin, to whom Philippe Tonsard was

mistress. Exempted from military service in 1821 on account of a

pretended disorder in the muscles of his right arm, Jean-Louis Tonsard

posed under the protection of Soudry, Rogou and Gaubertin, in a

circumspect way, as the enemy of the Montcornets and Michaud. He was a

lover of Annette, Rigou's servant girl. [The Peasantry.]

TONSARD (Nicolas), younger brother of the preceding, and the male

counterpart of his sister Catherine; brutally persecuted, with his

sister's connivance, Niseron's granddaughter, Genevieve, called La

Pechina, whom he tried to outrage. [The Peasantry.]

TONSARD (Catherine). (See Godain, Madame.)

TONSARD (Marie), sister of the preceding; a blonde; had the loose and

uncivilized morals of her family. While mistress of Bonnebault, she

proved herself, on one occasion at the Cafe de la Paix of Soulanges,

to be fiercely jealous of Aglae Socquard, whom he wished to marry.

[The Peasantry.]

TONSARD (Reine), without any known relationship to all of the

preceding, was, in spite of being very ugly, the mistress of the son

of the Oliviers, porters to Valerie Marneffe-Crevel; and she remained

for a long time the confidential lady's-maid of that married

courtesan; but, being brought over by Jacques Collin, she eventually

betrayed and ruined the Crevel family. [Cousin Betty.]

TONY, coachman to Louis de l'Estorade, about 1840. [The Member for

Arcis.]

TOPINARD, born about 1805; officer in charge of the property of the

theatre managed by Felix Gaudissart; in charge also of the lamps and

fixtures; and, lastly, he had the task of placing the copies of the

music on the musicians' stands. He went every day to the rue Normandie

to get news of Sylvain Pons, who was suffering from a fatal attack of

hepatitis; in the latter part of April, 1845, he was, with Fraisier,

Villemot and Sonet's agent, one of the pall-bearers at the funeral of

the cousin of the Camusot de Marvilles. On leaving the Pere-Lachaise,

Topinard, who was living in the Cite Bordin, was moved to compassion

for Schmucke, brought him home, and finally received him under his

roof. Topinard then secured the position of cashier with Gaudissart,

but he almost lost his position for trying to defend the interests of

Schmucke, of whom the heirs-at-law of Pons had undertaken to rid

themselves. Even under these circumstances Topinard aided Schmucke in

his distress; he alone followed the German's body to the cemetery, and

took pains to have him buried beside Sylvain Pons. [Cousin Pons.]

TOPINARD (Madame Rosalie), wife of the preceding, born about 1815,

called Lolotte; she was a member of the choir under the direction of

Felix Gaudissart's predecessor, whose mistress she was. A victim of

her lover's failure, she became box-opener of the first tier, and also

quite a dealer in costumes during the following administration (1834-

1845). She had first lived as Topinard's mistress, but he afterwards

married her; she had three children by him. She took part in the

funeral mass of Pons; when Schmucke was taken in by her husband in the

Cite Bordin, she nursed the musician in his last illness. [Cousin

Pons.]

TOPINARD, eldest son of the preceding couple, was a supernumerary in

Gaudissart's company. [Cousin Pons.]

TOPINARD (Olga), sister of the preceding; a blonde of the German type;

when quite young, she won the warmest affection of Schmucke, who was

making his home with the employes of Gaudissart's theatre. [Cousin

Pons.]

TORLONIA (Duc), a name mentioned, in December, 1829, by the Baron

Frederic de Nucingen, as that of one of his friends, and pronounced by

him "Dorlonia." The duke had ordered a magnificent carpet, the price

of which he considered exorbitant, but the baron bought it for Esther

van Gobseck's "leedle balace" on the rue Saint-Georges. The Duc

Torlonia belonged to the famous family of Rome, that was so hospitable

to strangers, and was of French origin. The original name was

Tourlogne. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

TORPILLE (La), sobriquet of Esther van Gobseck.

TOUCHARD, father and son, ran a line of stages, during the

Restoration, to Beaumont-sur-Oise. [A Start in Life.]

TOUCHES (Mademoiselle Felicite des), born at Guerande in 1791; related

to the Grandlieus; not connected with the Touches family of Touraine,

to which the regent's ambassador, more famous as a comic poet,

belonged; became an orphan in 1793; her father, a major in the Gardes

de la Porte, was killed on the steps of the Tuileries August 10, 1792,

and her only brother, a younger member of the guard, was massacred at

the Carmelite convent; lastly, her mother died of a broken heart a few

days after this last catastrophe. Entrusted then to the care of her

maternal aunt, Mademoiselle de Faucombe, a nun of Chelles,[*] she was

taken by her to Faucombe, a considerable estate situated near Nantes,

and soon afterwards she was put in prison along with her aunt on the

charge of being an emissary of Pitt and Cobourg. The 9th Thermidor

found them released; but Mademoiselle de Faucombe died of fright, and

Felicite was sent to M. de Faucombe, an archaeologist of Nantes, being

her maternal great-uncle and her nearest relative. She grew up by

herself, "a tom-boy"; she had at her command an enormous library,

which allowed her to acquire, at a very early age, a great mass of

information. The literary spirit being developed in her, Mademoiselle

des Touches began by assisting her aged uncle; wrote three articles

that he believed were his own work, and, in 1822, made her beginning

in literature with two volumes of dramatic works, after the fashion of

Lope de Vega and Shakespeare, which produced a sort of artistic

revolution. She then assumed as a permanent appellation, the pseudonym

of Camille Maupin, and led a bright and independent life. Her income

of eighty thousand livres, her castle of Les Touches, near Guerande--

Loire-Inferieure--her Parisian mansion on the rue de Mont-Blanc--now

rue de la Chaussee-d'Antin,--her birth, and her connections, had their

power of influence. Her irregularities were covered as with a veil, in

consideration of her genius. Indeed, Mademoiselle des Touches had more

than one lover: a gallant about 1817; then an original mind, a

sceptic, the real creator of Camille Maupin; and next Gennaro Conti,

whom she knew in Rome, and Claude Vignon, a critic of reputation.

[Beatrix. Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris.]

Felicite was a patron of Joseph Bridau, the romantic painter, who was

despised by the bourgeois [A Bachelor's Establishment.]; she felt a

liking for Lucien de Rubempre, whom, indeed, she came near marrying;

though this circumstance did not prevent her from aiding the poet's

mistress, Coralie, the actress; for, at the time of their amours,

Felicite des Touches was in high favor at the Gymnase. She was the

anonymous collaborator of a comedy into which Leontine Volnys--the

little Fay of that time--was introduced; she had intended to write

another vaudeville play, in which Coralie was to have made the

principal role. When the young actress took to her bed and died, which

occurred under the Poirson-Cerfberr[+] management, Felicite paid the

expenses of her burial, and was present at the funeral services, which

were conducted at Notre-Dame de Bonne-Nouvelle. She gave dinner-

parties on Wednesdays; Levasseur, Conti, Mesdames Pasta, Conti, Fodor,

De Bargeton, and d'Espard, attended her receptions. [A Distinguished

Provincial at Paris.] Although a Legitimist, like the Marquise

d'Espard, Felicite, after the Revolution of July, kept her salon open,

where were frequently assembled her neighbor Leontine de Serizy, Lord

Dudley and Lady Barimore, the Nucingens, Joseph Bridau, Mesdames de

Cadignan and de Montcornet, the Comtesse de Vandenesse, Daniel

d'Arthez, and Madame Rochegude, otherwise known as Rochefide. Canalis,

Rastignac, Laginski, Montriveau, Bianchon, Marsay, and Blondet rivaled

each other in telling piquant stories and passing caustic remarks

under her roof. [Another Study of Woman.] Furthermore, Mademoiselle

des Touches shortly afterwards gave advice to Marie de Vandenesse and

condemned free love. [A Daughter of Eve.] In 1836, while traveling

through Italy, which she was showing to Claude Vignon and Leon de

Lora, the landscape painter, she was present at an entertainment given

by Maurice de l'Hostal, the French consul at Genoa; on this occasion

he gave an account of the ups and downs of the Bauvan family.

[Honorine.] In 1837, after having appointed as her residuary legatee

Calyste du Guenic, whom she adored, but to whom she refused to give

herself over, Felicite des Touches retired to a convent in Nantes of

the order of Saint-Francois. Among the works left by this second

George Sand, we may mention "Le Nouveau Promethee," a bold attempt,

standing alone among her works, and a short autobiographical romance,

in which she described her betrayed passion for Conti, an admirable

work, which was regarded as the counterpart of Benjamin Constant's

"Adolphe." [Beatrix. The Muse of the Department.]

[*] It was perhaps at Chelles that Mademoiselle de Faucombe became

acquainted with Mesdemoiselles de Beauseant and de Langeais.

[+] Delestre-Poirson, the vaudeville man, together with A. Cerfberr

established the Gymnase-Dramatique, December 20, 1820; with the

Cerfberr Brothers, Delestre-Poirson continued the management of it

until 1844.

TOUPILLIER, born about 1750; of a wretchedly poor family consisting of

three sisters and five brothers, one of whom was father of Madame

Cardinal. From drum-major in the Gardes-Francaise, Toupillier became

beadle in the church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris; then dispenser of holy

water, having been an artist's model in the meantime. Toupillier, at

the beginning of the Restoration, suspected either of being a

Bonapartist, or of being unfit for his position, was discharged from

the service of the church, and had only the right to stand at the

threshold as a privileged beggar; however, he profited greatly by his

new position, for he knew how to arouse the compassionate feelings of

the faithful in every possible way, chiefly by passing as a

centenarian. Having been entrusted with the diamonds that Charles

Crochard had stolen from Mademoiselle Beaumesnil and which the young

thief wished to get off his hands for the time being, Toupillier

denied having received them and remained possessor of the stolen

jewels. But Corentin, the famous police-agent, followed the pauper of

Saint-Sulpice to the rue du Coeur-Volant, and surprised that new

Cardillac engrossed in the contemplation of the diamonds. He, however,

left them in his custody, on condition of his leaving by will all his

property to Lydie Peyrade, Corentin's ward and Mademoiselle

Beaumesnil's daughter. Corentin further required Toupillier to live in

his house and under his surveillance on the rue Honore-Chevalier. At

that time Toupillier had an income of eighteen hundred francs; he

might be seen, at the church, munching wretched crusts; but, the

church once closed, he went to dine at the Lathuile restaurant,

situated on the Barriere de Clichy, and at night he got drunk on the

excellent Rousillon wines. Notwithstanding an attack made by Madame

Cardinal and Cerizet on the closet containing the diamonds, when the

pauper of Saint-Sulpice died in 1840, Lydie Peyrade, now Madame

Theodose de la Peyrade, inherited all that Toupillier possessed. [The

Middle Classes.]

TOUPINET, a Parisian mechanic, at the time of the Restoration, being

married and father of a family, he stole his wife's savings, the fruit

of arduous labor; he was imprisoned, about 1828, probably for debts.

[The Commission in Lunacy.]

TOUPINET (Madame), wife of the preceding; known under the name

Pomponne; kept a fruit-stand; lived, in 1828, on the rue du Petit-

Banquier, Paris; unhappy in her married life; obtained from the

charitable J.-J. Popinot, under the name of a loan, ten francs for

purchasing stock. [The Commission in Lunacy.]

TOURNAN, a hatter of the rue Saint-Martin, Paris; among his customers

was young Poiret, who, on July 3, 1823, brought him his head-covering,

all greased, as a result of J.-J. Bixiou's practical joking. [The

Government Clerks.]

TOURS-MINIERES (Bernard-Polydor Bryond, Baron des), a gentleman of

Alencon; born about 1772; in 1793, was one of the most active

emissaries of the Comte de Lille (Louis XVIII.), in his conspiracy

against the Republic. Having received the King's thanks, he retired to

his estate in the department of Orne, which had long been burdened

with mortgages; and, in 1807, he married Henriette Le Chantre de la

Chanterie, with the concurrence of the Royalists, whose "pet" he was.

He pretended to take part in the reactionary revolutionary movement of

the West in 1809, implicated his wife in the matter, compromised her,

ruined her, and then disappeared. Returning in secrecy to his country,

under the assumed name of Lemarchand, he aided the authorities in

getting at the bottom of the plot, and then went to Paris, where he

became the celebrated police-agent Contenson. [The Seamy Side of

History.] He knew Peyrade, and received from Lenoir's old pupil the

significant sobriquet of "Philosopher." Being agent for Fouche during

the period of the Empire, he abandoned himself in the most sensual way

to his passions, and lived a life of irregularity and vice. During the

time of the Restoration Louchard had him employed by Nucingen at the

time of the latter's amours with Esther van Gobseck. In the service of

this noted banker, Contenson (with Peyrade and Corentin) tried to

protect him from the snares of Jacques Collin, and followed the

pseudo-Carlos Herrera to his place of refuge on a house-top; but being

hurled from the roof by his intended victim, he was instantly killed

during the winter of 1829-1830. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

TOURS-MINIERES (Baronne Bryond des), wife of the preceding; born

Henriette Le Chantre de la Chanterie, in 1789; only daughter of

Monsieur and Madame Le Chantre de la Chanterie; was married after her

father's death. Through the machinations of Tours-Minieres she was

brought into contact with Charles-Amedee-Louis-Joseph Rifoel,

Chevalier du Vissard, became his mistress, and took the field for him

in the Royalist cause, in the department of Orne, in 1809. Betrayed by

her husband, she was executed in 1810, in accordance with a death-

sentence of the court presided over by Mergi, Bourlac being attorney-

general. [The Seamy Side of History.]

TRAILLES (Comte Maxime de), born in 1791, belonged to a family that

was descended from an attendant to Louis XI., and raised to the

nobility by Francois I. This perfect example of the Parisian

/condottieri/ made his beginning in the early part of the nineteenth

century as a page to Napoleon. Being loved, in turn, by Sarah Gobseck

and Anastasie de Restaud, Maxime de Trailles, himself already ruined,

ruined both of these; gaming was his master passion, and his caprices

knew no bounds. [Cesar Birotteau. Father Goriot. Gobseck.] He took

under his attention the Vicomte Savinien de Portenduere, a novice in

Parisian life, whom also he would have served later as his second

against Desire Minoret, but for the latter's death by accident.

[Ursule Mirouet.] His ready wit usually saved him from the throng of

creditors that swarmed about him, but even thus he once paid a debt

due Cerizet, in spite of himself. Maxime de Trailles, at that time,

was keeping, in a modest way, Antonia Chocardelle, who had a news-

stand on the rue Coquenard, near the rue Pigalle, on which Trailles

lived; and, at the same time, a certain Hortense, a protegee of Lord

Dudley, was seconding the genius of that excellent comedian, Cerizet.

[A Man of Business. The Member for Arcis.] The dominant party of the

Restoration accused Maxime de Trailles of being a Bonapartist, and

rebuked him for his shameless corruption of life; but the citizen

monarchy extended him a cordial welcome. Marsay was the chief promoter

of the count's fortunes; he moulded him, and sent him on delicate

political missions, which he managed with marvelous success. [The

Secrets of a Princess.] And so the Comte de Trailles was widely known

in social circles: as the guest of Josepha Mirah, by his presence he

honored the house-warming in her new apartments on the rue de la

Ville-l'Eveque. [Cousin Betty.] Marsay being dead, he lost the power

of his prestige. Eugene de Rastignac, who had become somewhat of a

Puritan, showed but slight esteem for him. However, Maxime de Trailles

was on easy terms with one of the minister's intimate friends, the

brilliant Colonel Franchessini. Nucingen's son-in-law--Eugene de

Rastignac--perhaps recalled Madame de Restaud's misfortunes, and

doubtless entertained no good feeling for the man who was responsible

for them all. None the less, he employed the services of M. de

Trailles--who was always at ease in the Marquise d'Espard's salon, in

the Faubourg Saint-Honore, though a man over forty years of age,

painted and padded and bowed down with debts--and sent him to look

after the political situation in Arcis before the spring election of

1839. Trailles worked his wires with judgment; he tried to override

the Cinq-Cygnes, partisans of Henri V.; he supported the candidacy of

Phileas Beauvisage, and sought the hand of Cecile-Renee Beauvisage,

the wealthy heiress, but was unsuccessful on all sides. [The Member

for Arcis.] M. de Trailles, furthermore, excelled in the adjustment of

private difficulties. M. d'Ajuda-Pinto, Abbe Brossette, and Madame de

Grandlieu called for his assistance, and, with the further aid of

Rusticoli de la Palferine, effected the reconciliation of the families

of Calyste du Guenic and Arthur de Rochefide. [Beatrix.] He became a

member of the Chamber of Deputies, succeeding Phileas Beauvisage, who

had replaced Charles de Sallenauve, at the Palais-Bourbon; here he was

pointed out to S.-P. Gazonal. [The Unconscious Humorists.]

TRANS (Mademoiselle), a young unmarried woman of Bordeaux, who, like

Mademoiselle de Belor, was on the lookout for a husband when Paul de

Manerville married Natalie Evangelista. [A Marriage Settlement.]

TRANSON (Monsieur and Madame), wholesale dealers in earthenware goods

on the rue des Lesdiguieres, were on intimate terms, about 1824, with

their neighbors, the Baudoyers and the Saillards. [The Government

Clerks.]

TRAVOT (General), with his command, conducted, in 1815, the siege of

Guerande, a fortress defended by the Baron du Guenic, who finally

evacuated it, but who reached the wood with his Chouans and remained

in possession of the country until the second return of the Bourbons.

[Beatrix.]

TROGNON (Maitre), a Parisian notary, wholly at the disposal of his

neighbor, Maitre Fraisier; during the years 1844-1845 he lived on the

rue Saint-Louis-au-Marais--now rue de Turenne--and reached the death-

bed of Sylvain Pons before his colleague, Maitre Leopold Hannequin,

though the latter actually received the musician's last wishes.

[Cousin Pons.]

TROISVILLE (Guibelin, Vicomte de), whose name is pronounced Treville,

and who, as well as his numerous family, bore simply the name Guibelin

during the period of the Empire; he belonged to a noble line of ardent

Royalists well known in Alencon. [The Seamy Side of History.] Very

probably several of the Troisvilles, as well as the Chevalier de

Valois and the Marquis d'Esgrignon, were among the correspondents of

the Vendean chiefs, for it is well known that the department of Orne

was counted among the centres of the anti-revolutionary uprising

(1799). [The Chouans.] Furthermore, the Bourbons, after their

restoration, overwhelmed the Troisvilles with honors, making several

of them members of the Chamber of Deputies or peers of France. The

Vicomte Guibelin de Troisville served during the emigration in Russia,

where he married a Muscovite girl, daughter of the Princesse

Scherbeloff; and, during the year 1816, he returned to establish

himself permantly among the people of Alencon. Accepting temporarily

the hospitality of Rose-Victoire Cormon (eventually Madame du

Bousquier), he innocently inspired her with false hopes; the viscount,

naturally reserved, failed to inform her of his being son-in-law of

Scherbeloff, and legitimate father of the future Marechale de

Montcornet. Guibelin de Troisville, a loyal social friend of the

Esgrignons, met in their salon the Roche-Guyons and the Casterans,

distant cousins of his, but the intimate relations almost came to an

end, when Mademoiselle Virginie de Troisville became Madame de

Montcornet. [Jealousies of a Country Town.] However, in spite of this

union, which he looked upon as a mesalliance, the viscount was never

cool towards his daughter and her husband, but was their guest at

Aigues, in Bourgogne. [The Peasantry.]

TROMPE-LA-MORT, a sobriquet of Jacques Collin.

TROUBERT (Abbe Hyacinthe), favorite priest of M. de Bourbonne; rose

rapidly during the Restoration and Louis Philippe's reign, canon and

vicar-general, in turn, of Tours, he was afterwards bishop of Troyes.

His early career in Touraine showed him to be a deep, ambitious, and

dangerous man, knowing how to remove from his path those that impeded

his advance, and knowing how to conceal the full power of his

animosity. The secret support of the Congregation and the connivance

of Sophie Gamard allowed him to take advantage of Abbe Francois

Birotteau's unsuspecting good nature, and to rob him of all the

inheritance of Abbe Chapeloud, whom he had hated in his lifetime, and

over whom he triumphed thus again, despite the shrewdness of the

deceased priest. Abbe Troubert even won over to his side the

Listomeres, defenders of Francois Birotteau. [The Vicar of Tours.]

About 1839, at Troyes, Monsiegneur Troubert was on terms of intimacy

with the Cinq-Cygnes, the Hauteserres, the Cadignans, the

Maufrigneuses, and Daniel d'Arthez, who were more or less concerned in

the matter of the Champagne elections. [The Member for Arcis.]

TROUSSENARD (Doctor), a physician of Havre, during the Restoration, at

the time that the Mignon de la Bastie family lived in that sub-

prefecture of the Seine-Inferieure. [Modeste Mignon.]

TRUDON, in 1818, a grocer of Paris, in the same quarter as Cesar

Birotteau, whom he furnished, on December 17th of that year, with

nearly two hundred francs' worth of wax candles. [Cesar Birotteau.]

TULLIA, professional sobriquet of Madame du Bruel.

TULLOYE, the name of the owner of a small estate near Angouleme, where

M. de Bargeton, in the autumn of 1821, severely wounded M. de

Chandour, an unsophisticated hot-head, whom he had challenged to a

duel. The name Tulloye furnished a good opportunity in the affair for

a play on words. [Lost Illusions.]

TURQUET (Marguerite), born about 1816, better known under the

sobriquet of Malaga, having a further appellaton of the "Aspasia of

the Cirque-Olympique," was originally a rider in the famous Bouthor

Traveling Hippodrome, and was later a Parisian star at the Franconi

theatre, in the summer on the Champs-Elysees, in the winter on the

Boulevard du Crime. In 1837, Mademoiselle Turquet was living in the

fifth story of a house on the rue des Fosses-du-Temple--a thoroughfare

that has been built up since 1862--when Thaddee Paz set her up in

sumptuous style elsewhere. But she wearied of the role of supposed

mistress of the Pole. [The Imaginary Mistress.] Nevertheless, this

position had placed Marguerite in a prominent light, and she shone

thenceforth among the artists and courtesans. She had in Maitre

Cardot, a notary on the Place du Chatelet, an earnest protector; and

as her lover she had a quite young musician. [The Muse of the

Department.] A shrewd girl, she held on to Maitre Cardot, and made a

popular hostess, in whose salon Desroches, about 1840, gave an

entertaining account of a strange battle between two roues, Trailles

and Cerizet, debtor and creditor, that resulted in a victory for

Cerizet. [A Man of Business.] In 1838, Malaga Turquet was present at

Josepha Mirah's elegant house-warming in her gorgeous new apartments

on the rue de la Ville-l'Eveque. [Cousin Betty.]

URBAIN, servant of Soudry, mayor of Soulanges, Bourgogne, during the

Restoration; was at one time a cavalry soldier, who entered into the

service of the mayor, an ex-brigadier of gendarmes, after failing to

receive an appointment as gendarme. [The Peasantry.]

URRACA, aged Spanish woman, nurse of Baron de Macumer; the only family

servant kept by her master after his ruin and during his exile in

France. Urraca prepared the baron's chocolate in the very best style.

[Letters of Two Brides.]

URRACA Y LORA (Mademoiselle), paternal aunt of Leon de Lora, remained

a spinster. As late as 1845 this quasi-Spaniard was still living in

poverty in a commune of the Pyrenees-Orientales, with the father and

elder brother of the artist. [The Unconscious Humorists.]

URSULE, servant employed by the Abbe Bonnet, cure of Montegnac, in

1829; a woman of canonical age. She received the Abbe de Rastignac,

who had been sent by the Bishop of Limoges to bring the village curate

to Jean-Francois Tascheron. It was desired that this man, although he

was condemned to death, should be brought back within the "pale of the

Church." Ursule learned from the Abbe de Rastignac of the reprieve

that had been given the murderer, and being not only inquisitive, but

also a gossip; she spread it throughout the whole village, during the

time that she was buying the articles necessary for the preparation of

breakfast for the Cure Bonnet and the Abbe de Rastignac. [The Village

Parson.]

URSULE, from Picardie, very large; cook employed by Ragon, perfumer on

rue Saint-Honore, Paris, towards the end of the eighteenth century;

about 1793 she took in hand the amorous education of Cesar Birotteau,

the little Tourraine peasant just employed by the Ragons as errand-

boy. Ill-natured, wanton, wheedling, dishonest, selfish and given to

drink, Ursule did not suit the candid Cesar, whom she abandoned,

moreover, two years later, for a young Picardie rebel, who owned a few

acres of land. He found concealment in Paris, and let her marry him.

[Cesar Birotteau.]

UXELLES (Marquise d'), related to the Princess de Blamont-Chauvry, and

to the Duc and Duchesse de Lenoncourt; god-mother of Cesar Birotteau.

[Cesar Birotteau.]

UXELLES (Duchesse d'), born about 1769, mother of Diane d'Uxelles;

beloved by the Duc de Maufrigneuse, and about 1814 gave him her

daughter in marriage; ten years later she withdrew to her Uxelles

estate, where she lived a life of piety and selfishness. [The Secrets

of a Princess.]

VAILLANT (Madame), wife of a cabinet-maker in the Faubourg Saint-

Antoine; mother of three children. In 1819 and 1820, for forty sous

per month, she kept house for a young author,[*] who lived in a garret

in rue Lesdiguieres. She utilized her remaining time in turning the

crank for a mechanic, and received only ten sous a day for this hard

work. This woman and her husband were perfectly upright. At the

wedding of Madame Vaillant's sister, the young writer became

acquainted with Pere Canet--Facino Cane--clarinetist at the Quinze-

Vingts--who told him his strange story. [Facino Cane.] In 1818, Madame

Vaillant, already aged, kept house for Claude-Joseph Pillerault, the

former Republican, on rue des Bourdonnais. The old merchant was good

to his servant and did not let her shine his shoes. [Cesar Birotteau.]

[*] Honore de Balzac. He employed Madame Vaillant as a servant.

VALDES (Paquita), born in the West Indies about 1793, daughter of a

slave bought in Georgia on account of her great beauty; lived in the

early part of the Restoration and during the Hundred Days in Hotel

San-Real, rue Saint-Lazare, Paris, with her mother and her foster-

father, Christemio. In April, 1815, in the Jardin des Tuileries, she

was met by Henri de Marsay, who loved her. She agreed to receive him

secretly in her own home. She gave up everything for his sake, but in

a transport of love, she cried out from force of habit: "O Mariquita!"

This put her lover in such a fury that he tried to kill her. Not being

able to do this, he returned, accompanied by some other members of

"The Thirteen," only to find Paquita murdered; for, the Marquise de

San-Real, Marsay's own sister, who was very jealous of the favors

granted the man by this girl, has slashed her savagely with a dagger.

Having been kept in retirement since she was twelve years old, Paquita

Valdes knew neither how to read nor to write. She spoke only English

and Spanish. On account of the peculiar color of her eyes she was

known as "the girl with the golden eyes," by some young men, one of

whom was Paul de Manerville, who had noticed her during his

promenades. [The Thirteen.]

VALDEZ, a Spanish admiral, constitutional minister of King Ferdinand

VII. in 1820; was obliged to flee at the time of the reaction, and

embarked on an English vessel. His escape was due to the warning given

him by Baron de Macumer, who told him in time. [Letters of Two

Brides.]

VALENTIN (De), head of a historic house of Auvergne, which had fallen

into poverty and obscurity; cousin of the Duc de Navarreins; came to

Paris under the monarchy, and made for himself an excellent place at

the "very heart of power." This he lost during the Revolution. Under

the Empire he bought many pieces of property given by Napoleon to his

generals; but the fall of Napoleon ruined him completely. He reared

his only son, Raphael, with great harshness, although he expected him

to restore the house to its former position. In the autumn of 1826,

six months after he had paid his creditors, he died of a broken heart.

The Valentins had on their arms: an eagle of gold in a field of sable,

crowned with silver, beak and talons with gules, with this device:

"The soul has not perished." [The Magic Skin.]

VALENTIN (Madame de), born Barbe-Marie O'Flaharty, wife of the

preceding; heiress of a wealthy house; died young, leaving to her only

son an islet in the Loire. [The Magic Skin.]

VALENTIN (Marquis Raphael de),[*] only son of the preceding couple,

born in 1804, and probably in Paris, where he was reared; lost his

mother when he was very young, and, after an unhappy childhood,

received on the death of his father the sum of eleven hundred and

twelve francs. On this he lived for nearly three years, boarding at

the rate of a franc per day at the Hotel de Saint-Quintin, rue des

Cordiers. He began two great works there: a comedy, which was to bring

him fame in a day, and the "Theory of the Will," a long work, like

that of Louis Lambert, meant to be a continuation of the books by

Mesmer, Lavater, Gall and Bichat. Raphael de Valentin as a doctor of

laws was destined by his father for the life of a statesman. Reduced

to extreme poverty, and deprived of his last possession, the islet in

the Loire, inherited from his mother, he was on the point of

committing suicide, in 1830, when a strange dealer in curiosities of

the Quai Voltaire, into whose shop he had entered by chance, gave him

a strange piece of shagreen, the possession of which assured him the

gratification of every desire, although his life would be shortened by

each wish. Shortly after this he was invited to a sumptuous feast at

Frederic Taillefer's. On the next morning Raphael found himself heir

to six million francs. In the autumn of 1831 he died of consumption in

the arms of Pauline Gaudin; they were mutual lovers. He tried in vain

to possess himself of her, in a supreme effort. As a millionaire,

Raphael de Valentin lived in friendship with Rastignac and Blondet,

looked after by his faithful servant, Jonathas, in a house on rue de

Varenne. At one time he was madly in love with a certain Comtesse

Foedora. Neither the waters of Aix, nor those of Mont-Dore, both of

which he tried, were able to give him back his lost health. [The Magic

Skin.]

[*] During the year 1851, at the Ambigu-Comique, was performed a drama

by Alphonse Arnault and Louis Judicis, in which the life of

Raphael Valentin was reproduced.

VALENTINE, given name and title of the heroine of a vaudeville play[*]

in two acts, by Scribe and Melesville, which was performed at the

Gymnase-Dramatique, January 4, 1836. This was more than twenty years

after the death of M. and Madame de Merret, whose lives and tragic

adventures were more or less vividly pictured in the play. [The Muse

of the Department.]

[*] Madame Eugenie Savage played the principal part.

VALLAT (Francois), deputy to the king's attorney at Ville-aux-Fayes,

Bourgogne, under the Restoration, at the time of the peasant uprising

against General de Montcornet. He was a cousin of Madame Sarcus, wife

of Sarcus the Rich. He sought promotion through Gaubertin, the mayor,

who was influential throughout the entire district. [The Peasantry.]

VALLET, haberdasher in Soulanges, Bourgogne, during the Restoration,

at the time of General de Montcornet's struggle against the peasants.

The Vallet house was next to Socquard's Cafe de la Paix. [The

Peasantry.]

VAL-NOBLE (Madame du). (See Gaillard, Madame Theodore.)

VALOIS (Chevalier de), born about 1758; died, as did his friend and

fellow-countryman, the Marquis d'Esgrignon, with the legitimate

monarchy, August, 1830. This poor man passed his youth in Paris, where

he was surprised by the Revolution. He was finally a Chouan, and when

the western Whites arose in arms against the Republic, he was one of

the members of the Alencon royal committee. At the time of the

Restoration he was living in this city very modestly, but received by

the leading aristocracy of the province as a true Valois. The

chevalier carried snuff in an old gold snuffbox, ornamented with the

picture of the Princess Goritza, a Hungarian, celebrated for her

beauty, under Louis XV. He spoke only with emotion of this woman, for

whom he had battled with Lauzun. The Chevalier de Valois tried vainly

to marry the wealthy heiress of Alencon, Rose-Victoire Cormon, a

spinster, who had the misfortune to become the wife, platonically

speaking, of M. du Bousquier, the former contractor. In his lodging at

Alencon with Madame Lardot, a laundress, the chevalier had as mistress

one of the working women, Cesarine, whose child was usually attributed

to him. Cesarine was, as a result, the sole legatee of her lover. The

chevalier also took some liberties with another employe of Madame

Lardot, Suzanne, a very beautiful Norman girl, who was afterwards

known at Paris as a courtesan, under the name of Val-Noble, and who

still later married Theodore Gaillard. M. de Valois, although strongly

attached to this girl, did not allow her to defraud him. He was

intimate with Messieurs de Lenoncourt, de Navarreins, de Verneuil, de

Fontaine, de la Billardiere, de Maufrigneuse and de Chaulieu. Valois

made a living by gambling, but pretended to gain his modest livelihood

from a Maitre Bordin, in the name of a certain M. de Pombreton. [The

Chouans. Jealousies of a Country Town.]

VANDENESSE (Marquis de), a gentleman of Tours; had by his wife four

children: Charles, who married Emilie de Fontaine, widow of

Kergarouet; Felix, who married Marie-Angelique de Granville; and two

daughters, the elder of whom was married to her cousin, the Marquis de

Listomere. The Vandenesse motto was: "Ne se vend." [The Lily of the

Valley.]

VANDENESSE (Marquise de), born Listomere, wife of the preceding; tall,

slender, emaciated, selfish and fond of cards; "insolent, like all the

Listomeres, with whom insolence always counts as a part of the dowry."

She was the mother of four children, whom she reared harshly, keeping

them at a distance, especially her son Felix. She had something of a

weakness for her son Charles, the elder. [The Lily of the Valley.]

VANDENESSE (Marquis Charles de), son of the preceding, born towards

the close of the eighteenth century; shone as a diplomatist under the

Bourbons; during this period was the lover of Madame Julie

d'Aiglemont, wife of General d'Aiglemont; by her he had some natural

children. With Desroches as his attorney, Vandenesse entered into a

suit with his younger brother, Comte Felix, in regard to some

financial matters. He married the wealthy widow of Kergarouet, born

Emilie de Fontaine. [A Woman of Thirty. A Start in Life. A Daughter of

Eve.]

VANDENESSE (Marquise Charles de), born Emilie de Fontaine about 1802;

the youngest of the Comte de Fontaine's daughters; having been

overindulged as a child, her insolent bearing, a distinctive trait of

character, was made manifest at the famous ball of Cesar Birotteau, to

which she accompanied her parents. [Cesar Birotteau.] She refused Paul

de Manerville, and a number of other excellent offers, before marrying

her mother's uncle, Admiral Comte de Kergarouet. This marriage, which

she regretted later, was resolved upon during a game of cards with the

Bishop of Persepolis, as a result of the anger which she felt on

learning that M. Longueville, on whom she had centred her affections,

was only a merchant. [The Ball at Sceaux.] Madame de Kergarouet

scorned her nephew by marriage, Savinien de Portenduere, who courted

her. [Ursule Mirouet.] Having become a widow, she married the Marquis

de Vandenesse. A little later she endeavored to overthrow her sister-

in-law, the Comtesse Felix de Vandenesse, then in love with Raoul

Nathan. [A Daughter of Eve.]

VANDENESSE (Comte Felix de), brother-in-law of the preceding, born

late in the eighteenth century, bore the title of vicomte until the

death of his father; suffered much in childhood and youth, first in

his home life, then as a pupil in a boarding-school at Tours and in

the Oratorien college at Pontlevoy. He was unhappy also at the Lepitre

school in Paris, and during his holidays spent on the Ile Saint-Louis

with one of the Listomeres, a kinswoman. Felix de Vandenesse at last

found happiness at Frapesle, a castle near Clochegourde. It was then

that his platonic liaison with Madame de Mortsauf began--a union which

occupied an important place in his life. He was, moreover, the lover

of Lady Arabelle Dudley, who called him familiarly Amedee, pronounced

"my dee." Madame de Mortsauf, having died, he was subjected to the

secret hatred of her daughter Madeleine, later Madame de Lenoncourt-

Givry-Chaulieu. About this time began his career in public life.

During the "Hundred Days" Louis XVIII. entrusted to him a mission in

Vendee. The King received him into favor, and finally employed him as

private secretary. He was also appointed master of petitions in the

State Council. Vandenesse frequently visited the Lenoncourts. He

excited admiration, mingled with envy, in the mind of Lucien de

Rubempre, who had recently arrived in Paris. Acting for the King, he

helped Cesar Birotteau. He was acquainted with the Prince de

Talleyrand, and asked of him information about Macumer, for Louise de

Chaulieu. [The Lily of the Valley. Lost Illusions. A Distinguished

Provincial at Paris. Cesar Birotteau. Letters of Two Brides.] After

his father's death, Felix de Vandenesse assumed the title of count,

and probably won a suit in regard to a land-sale against his brother,

the marquis, who had been badly served by a rascally clerk of Maitre

Desroches, Oscar Husson. [A Start in Life.] At this time, Comte Felix

de Vandenesse began a very close relationship with Natalie de

Manerville. She herself broke this off as a result of the detailed

description that he gave her of the love which he had formerly felt

for Madame de Mortsauf. [The Marriage Settlement.] The year following,

he married Angelique-Marie de Granville, elder daughter of the

celebrated magistrate of that name, and began to keep house on rue du

Rocher, where he had a house, furnished with the best of taste. At

first he was not able to gain his wife's affection, as his known

profligacy and his patronizing manners filled her with fear. She did

not go with him to the evening entertainment given by Madame d'Espard,

where he found himself with his elder brother, and where many

gossiping tongues directed their speech against Diane de Cadignan,

despite the presence of her lover, Arthez. Felix de Vandenesse went

with his wife to a rout at the home of Mademoiselle des Touches, where

Marsay told the story of his first love. The Comte and Comtesse de

Vandenesse, who, under Louis Philippe, still frequented the houses of

the Cadignans and the Montcornets, came very near having serious

trouble. Madame de Vandenesse, had foolishly fallen in love with Raoul

Nathan, but was kept from harm by her husband's skilful management.

[The Secrets of a Princess. Another Study of Woman. The Gondreville

Mystery. A Daughter of Eve.]

VANDENESSE (Comtesse Felix de), wife of the preceding; born Angelique-

Marie de Granville in 1808; a brunette like her father. In bearing the

cruel treatment of her prejudiced mother, in the Marais house, where

she spent her youth, the Comtesse Felix was consoled by the tender

affection of a younger sister, Marie-Eugenie, later Madame F. du

Tillet. The lessons in harmony given them by Wilhelm Schmucke afforded

them some diversion. Married about 1828, and dowered handsomely, to

the detriment of Marie-Eugenie, she underwent, when about twenty-five

years old, a critical experience. Although mother of at least one

child, becoming suddenly of a romantic turn of mind, she narrowly

escaped becoming the victim of a worldly conspiracy formed against her

by Lady Dudley and by Mesdames Charles de Vandenesse and de

Manerville. Marie, moved by the strength of her passion for the

writer, Raoul Nathan, and wishing to save him from financial trouble,

appealed to the good offices of Madame de Nucingen and to the devotion

of Schmucke. The proof furnished to her by her husband of the debasing

relations and the extreme Bohemian life of Raoul, kept Madame Felix de

Vandenesse from falling. [A Second Home. A Daughter of Eve.]

Afterwards, her adventure, the dangers which she had run, and her

rupture with the poet, were all recounted by M. de Clagny, in the

presence of Madame de la Baudraye, Lousteau's mistress. [The Muse of

the Department.]

VANDENESSE (Alfred de), son of the Marquis Charles de Vandenesse, a

coxcomb who, under the reign of Louis Philippe, at the Faubourg Saint-

Germain, compromised the reputation of the Comtesse de Saint-Hereen,

despite the presence of her mother, Madame d'Aiglemont, the former

mistress of the marquis. [A Woman of Thirty.]

VANDIERES (General, Comte de), old, feeble and childish, when, with

his wife and a large number of soldiers, November 29, 1812, he started

on a raft to cross the Beresina. When the boat struck the other bank

the shock threw the count into the river. His head was severed from

his body by a cake of ice, and went down the river like a cannon-ball.

[Farewell.]

VANDIERES (Comtesse Stephanie de), wife of the preceding, niece of the

alienist Doctor Fanjat; mistress of Major de Sucy, who afterwards was

a general. In 1812, during the campaign in Russia, she shared with her

husband all the dangers, and managed to cross the Beresina with her

lover's aid, although she was unable to rejoin him. She wandered for a

long time in northern or eastern Europe. Having become insane, she

could say nothing but the word "Farewell"! She was found later at

Strasbourg by the grenadier, Fleuriot. Having been taken to the Bons-

Hommes near the Isle-Adam, she was attended by Fanjat. She there had

as a companion an idiot by the name of Genevieve. In September, 1819,

Stephanie again saw Philippe de Sucy, but did not recognize him. She

died not far from Saint-Germain-en-Laye, January, 1820, soon after the

reproduction of the scene on the Beresina, arranged by her lover. Her

sudden return of reason killed her. [Farewell.]

VANIERE, gardener to Raphael de Valentin; obtained from the well, into

which his frightened employer had thrown it, the wonderful piece of

shagreen, which no weight, no reagent, and no pounding could either

stretch or injure, and which none of the best known scientists could

explain. [The Magic Skin.]

VANNEAULX (Monsieur and Madame des), small renters at Limoges, living

with their two children on rue des Cloches towards the end of Charles

X.'s reign. They inherited in the neighborhood of a hundred thousand

francs from Pingret, of whom Madame des Vanneaulx was the only niece.

This was after their uncle's murderer, J.-F. Tascheron, having been

urged by the Cure Bonnet, restored a large portion of the money stolen

in Faubourg Saint-Etienne. M. and Madame des Vanneaulx, who had

accused the murderer of "indelicacy," changed their opinion entirely

when he made this restitution. [The Country Parson.]

VANNI (Elisa), a Corsican woman who, according to one Giacomo, rescued

a child, Luigi Porta, from the fearful vendetta of Bartolomeo di

Piombo. [The Vendetta.]

VANNIER, patriot, conscript of Fougeres, Bretagne, during the autumn

of 1799 received an order to convey marching orders to the National

Guard of his city--a body of men who were destined to aid the Seventy-

second demi-brigade in its engagements with the Chouans. [The

Chouans.]

VARESE (Emilio Memmi, Prince of), of the Cane-Memmis, born in 1797, a

member of the greater nobility, descendant of the ancient Roman family

of Memmius, received the name of Prince of Varese on the death of

Facino Cane, his relative. During the time of Austrian rule in Venice,

Memmi lived there in poverty and obscurity. In the early part of the

Restoration he was on friendly terms with Marco Vendramini, his

fellow-countryman. His poverty would not permit of his keeping more

than one servant, the gondolier, Carmagnola. For Massimilla Doni, wife

of the Duke Cataneo, he felt a passion, which was returned, and which

for a long time remained platonic, despite its ardor. He was

unfaithful to her at one time, not being able to resist the unforeseen

attractions of Clarina Tinti, a lodger in the Memmi palace, and

unrivaled prima donna at the Fenice. Finally, conquering his timidity,

and breaking with the "ideal," he rendered Massimilla Cataneo a

mother, and married her when she became a widow. Varese lived in Paris

under the reign of Louis Philippe, and, having been enriched by his

marriage, one evening at the Champs-Elysees, aided certain destitute

artists, the Gambaras, who were obliged to sing in the open air. He

asked for the story of their misfortunes, and Marianina told it to him

without bitterness. [Massimilla Doni. Gambara.]

VARESE (Princess of), wife of the preceding, born Massimilla Doni,

about 1800, of an ancient and wealthy Florentine family of the

nobility; married, at first, the Duke Cataneo, a repulsive man who

lived in Venice at the time of Louis XVIII. She was an enthusiastic

attendant of the Fenice theatre during the winter when "Moses" and the

"Semiramide" were given by a company, in which were found Clarina

Tinti, Genovese and Carthagenova. Massimilla conceived a violent but

at first a platonic love for Emilio Memmi, Prince of Varese, married

him after Cataneo's death, following him to Paris, during the time of

Louis Philippe, where she met with him the Gambaras and helped them in

their poverty. [Massimilla Doni. Gambara.]

VARLET, an Arcis physician, early in the nineteenth century, at the

time of the political and local quarrels of the Gondrevilles, Cinq-

Cygnes, Simeuses, Michus, and Hauteserres; had a daughter who

afterwards became Madame Grevin. [The Gondreville Mystery. The Member

for Arcis.]

VARLET, son of the preceding, brother-in-law of Grevin; like his

father, later a physician. [The Member for Arcis.]

VASSAL, in 1822 at Paris, third clerk of Maitre Desroches, an

advocate, by whom were employed also Marest, Husson and Godeschal. [A

Start in Life.]

VATEL, formerly an army child, then corporal of the Voltigeurs,

became, during the Restoration, one of the three guards of

Montcornet's estate in Aigues, Bourgogne, under head-keeper Michaud;

he detected Mere Tonsard in her trespassing. He was a valuable

servant; gay as a lark, rather loose in his conduct with women,

without any religious principles, and brave unto rashness. [The

Peasantry.]

VATINELLE (Madame), a pretty and rather loose woman of Mantes, courted

at the same time by Maitre Fraisier and the king's attorney, Olivier

Vinet; she was "kind" to the former, thereby causing his ruin; the

attorney soon found a means of compelling Fraisier, who was

representing both sides in a lawsuit, to sell his practice and leave

town. [Cousin Pons.]

VAUCHELLES (De), maintained relations of close friendship, about 1835,

at Besancon, with Amedee de Soulas, his fellow-countryman, and

Chavoncourt, the younger, a former collegemate. Vauchelles was of

equally high birth with Soulas, and was also equally poor. He sought

the hand of Mademoiselle Victoire, Chavoncourt's eldest sister, on

whom a godmother aunt had agreed to settle an estate yielding an

income of seven thousand francs, and a hundred thousand francs in

cash, in the marriage contract. To Rosalie de Watteville's

satisfaction, he opposed Albert Savarus, the rival of the elder

Chavoncourt, in his candidacy for a seat in the Chamber of Deputies.

[Albert Savarus.]

VAUDOYER, a peasant of Ronquerolles, Bourgogne, appointed forest-

keeper of Blangy, but discharged about 1821, in favor of Groison, by

Montcornet, at that time mayor of the commune; supported G. Rigou and

F. Gaubertin as against the new owner of Aigues. [The Peasantry.]

VAUDREMONT (Comtesse de), born in 1787; being a wealthy widow of

twenty-two years in 1809, she was considered the most beautiful

Parisian of the day, and was known as the "Queen of Fashion." In the

month of November of the same year, she attended the great ball given

by the Malin de Gondrevilles, who were disappointed at the Emperor's

failure to appear on that occasion. Being the mistress of the Comte de

Soulanges and Martial de la Roche-Hugon, Madame de Vaudremont had

received from the former a ring taken from his wife's jewel-casket;

she made a present of it to Martial, who happening to be wearing it on

the evening of the Gondreville ball, gave it to Madame de Soulanges,

without once suspecting that he was restoring it to its lawful owner.

Madame de Vaudremont's death followed shortly after this incident,

which brought about the reconciliation of the Soulanges couple, urged

by the Duchesse de Lansac; the countess perished in the famous fire

that broke out at the Austrian embassy during the party given on the

occasion of the wedding of the Emperor and the Arch-duchess Marie-

Louise. [Domestic Peace.] The embassy was located on the part of the

rue de la Chaussee-d'Antin (at that time rue du Mont-Blanc) comprised

between the rue de la Victoire and the rue Saint-Lazare.

VAUMERLAND (Baronne de), a friend of Madame de l'Ambermesnil's,

boarded with one of Madame Vauquer's rivals in the Marais, and

intended, as soon as her term expired, to become a patron of the

establishment on the rue Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve; at least, so Madame

de l'Ambermesnil declared. [Father Goriot.]

VAUQUELIN (Nicolas-Louis), a famous chemist, and a member of the

Institute; born at Saint-Andre d'Hebertot, Calvadts, in 1763, died in

1829; son of a peasant; praised by Fourcroy; in turn, pharmacist in

Paris, mine-inspector, professor at the School of Pharmacy, the School

of Medicine, the Jardin des Plantes, and the College de France. He

gave Cesar Birotteau the formula for a cosmetic for the hands, that

the perfumer called "la double pate des Sultanes," and, being

consulted by him on the subject of "cephalic oil," he denied the

possibility of restoring a suit of hair. Nicolas Vauquelin was invited

to the perfumer's great ball, given on December 17, 1818. In

recognition of the good advice received from the scientist, Cesar

Birotteau offered him a proof, before the time of printing, on China

paper, of Muller's engraving of the Dresden Virgin, which proof had

been found in Germany after two years of searching, and cost fifteen

hundred francs. [Cesar Birotteau.]

VAUQUER (Madame), a widow, born Conflans about 1767. She claimed to

have lost a brilliant position through a series of misfortunes, which,

by the way, she never detailed specifically. For a long time she kept

a bourgeois boarding-house on the rue Neuve-Sainte-Genevieve (now rue

Tournefort), near the rue de l'Arbalete. In 1819-1820, Madame Vauquer,

a short, stout, languid woman, but rather well preserved in spite of

being a little faded, had Horace Bianchon as table-boarder, and

furnished with board and lodging the following: on the first floor of

her house, Madame Couture and Mademoiselle Victorine Taillefer; on the

second floor, Poiret, the elder, and Jacques Collin; on the third,

Christine-Michelle Michonneau--afterwards Madame Poiret,--Joachim

Goriot; whom she looked upon as a possible husband for herself, and

Eugene de Rastignac. She was deserted by her various boarders shortly

after the arrest of Jacques Collin. [Father Goriot.]

VAUREMONT (Princesse de), one of the most prominent figures of the

eighteenth century; grandmother of Madame Marie Gaston, who adored

her; she died in 1817, the year of Madame de Stael's death, in a

mansion belonging to the Chaulieus and situated near the Boulevard des

Invalides. Madame de Vauremont, at the time of her death, was

occupying a suite of apartments in which she was shortly afterwards

succeeded by Louise de Chaulieu (Madame Marie Gaston). Talleyrand, an

intimate friend of the princess was executor of her will. [Letters of

Two Brides.]

VAUTHIER, commonly called Vieux-Chene, former servant of the famous

Longuy; hostler at the Ecu de France, Mortagne, in 1809; was

implicated in the affair of the Chauffeurs, and condemned to twenty

years of penal servitude, but was afterwards pardoned by the Emperor.

During the Restoration he was murdered in the streets of Paris by an

obscure and devoted countryman of the Chevalier du Vissard. [The Seamy

Side of History.]

VAUTHIER (Madame), originally, in 1809, kitchen-girl in the household

of the Prince de Wissembourg, on the rue Louis-le-Grand; then cook to

Barbet, the publisher, owner of a lodging-house on the Boulevard

Montparnasse; still later, about 1833, she managed this establishment

for him, serving the same time as door-keeper in the house mentioned.

At that time Madame Vauthier employed Nepomucene and Felicite for the

house-work; as lodgers she had Bourlac, Vanda and Auguste Mergi, and

Godefroid. [The Seamy Side of History.]

VAUTRIN,[*] the most famous of Jacques Collin's assumed names.

[*] On March 14, 1840, a Parisian theatre, the Porte-Saint-Martin,

presented a play in which the famous convict was a principal

character. Although Frederic Lemaitre took the leading role, the

play was presented only once. In April, 1868, however, the Ambigu-

Comique revived it, with Frederic Lemaitre again in the leading

role.

VAUVINET, born about 1817, a money-lender of Paris, was of the elegant

modern type, altogether different from Chaboisseau-Gobseck; he made

the Boulevard des Italiens the centre of his operations; was a

creditor of the Baron Hulot, first in the sum of seventy thousand

francs; and then in an additional sum of forty thousand, really lent

by Nucingen. [Cousin Betty.] In 1845, Leon de Lora and J.-J. Bixiou

called S.-P. Gazonal's attention to him. [The Unconscious Humorists.]

VAVASSEUR, clerk in the Treasury Department, during the Empire, in

Clergeot's division. He was succeeded by E.-L.-L.-E.-Cochin. [The

Government Clerks.]

VEDIE (La), born in 1756, a homely spinster, her face being pitted

with small-pox; a relative of La Cognette, a distinguished cook; on

the recommendation of Flore Brazier and Maxence Gilet, she was

employed as cook by J.-J. Rouget, after the death of a curate, whom

she had served long, and who died without leaving her anything. She

was to receive a pension of three hundred livres a year, after ten

years of competent, faithful and loyal service. [A Bachelor's

Establishment.]

VENDRAMINI (Marco), whose name is also pronounced Vendramin;[*]

probably a descendant of the last Doge of Venice; brother of Bianca

Sagredo, born Vendramini; a Venetian patriot; an intimate friend of

Memmi-Cane, Prince of Varese. In the intoxication caused by opium, his

great resource about 1820, Marco Vendramini dreamed that his dear

city, then under Austrian dominion, was free and powerful once more.

He talked with Memmi of the Venice of his dreams, and of the famous

Procurator Florain, now in the modern Greek, now in their native

tongue; sometimes as they walked together, sometimes before La Vulpato

and the Cataneos, during a presentation of "Semiramide," "Il

Barbiere," or "Moses," as interpreted by La Tinti and Genovese.

Vendramini died from excessive use of opium, at quite an early age,

during the reign of Louis XVIII., and was greatly mourned by his

friends. [Facino Cane. Massimilla Doni.]

[*] The palace in Venice formerly owned by the Duchesse de Berri and

the Comte de Chambord, in which Wagner, the musician, died, is

even now called the Vendramin Palace. It is on the Grand-Canal,

quite near the Justiniani Palace (now the Hotel de-l'Europe.)

VERGNIAUD (Louis), who made the Egyptian campaign with Hyacinthe

Chabert and Luigi Porta, was quartermaster of hussars when he left the

service. During the Restoration he was, in turn, cow-keeper on the rue

du Petit-Banquier, keeper of a livery-stable, and cabman. As cow-

keeper, Vergniaud, having a wife and three sons, being in debt to

Grados, and giving too generously to Chabert, ended in insolvency;

even then he aided Luigi Porta, again in trouble, and was his witness

when that Corsican married Mademoiselle di Piombo. Louis Vergniaud,

being a party to the conspiracies against Louis XVIII., was imprisoned

for his share in these crimes. [Colonel Chabert. The Vendetta.]

VERMANTON, a cynic philosopher, and a habitue of Madame Schontz's

salon, between 1835 and 1840, when she was keeping house with Arthur

de Rochefide. [Beatrix.]

VERMICHEL, common nick-name of Vert (Michel-Jean-Jerome.)

VERMUT, a druggist of Soulanges, in Bourgogne, during the Restoration;

brother-in-law of Sarcus, the Soulanges justice of the peace, who had

married his eldest sister. Though quite a distinguished chemist,

Vermut was the object of the pleasantries and contemptuous remarks of

the Soudry salon, especially at the hands of the Gourdons. Despite the

slight esteem "of the first society of Soulanges," Vermut gave

evidence of ability, when he disturbed Madame Pigeron by finding

traces of poison in the body of her dead husband. [The Peasantry.]

VERMUT (Madame), wife of the preceding; life and soul of the salon of

Madame Soudry, who, however, declared that she was "bad form," and

reproached her for flirting with Gourdon, author of "La Bilboqueide."

[The Peasantry.]

VERNAL (Abbe), one of the four Vendean leaders, in 1799, when

Montauran was opposing Hulot, the other three being Chatillon,

Suzannet, and the Comte de Fontaine. [The Chouans.]

VERNET (Joseph), born in 1714, died in 1789, a famous French artist;

patronized the Cat and Racket, a drapery establishment on the rue

Saint-Denis, of which M. Guillaume, father-in-law of Sommervieux, was

proprietor. [At the Sign of the Cat and Racket.]

VERNEUIL (Marquis de), member of a historic family, and probably an

ancestor of the Verneuils of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

In 1591, he was on intimate terms, with the Norman Comte d'Herouville,

ancestor of the keeper of Josepha Mirah, star of the Royal Academy of

Music, about 1838. The relations between the two families continued

unbroken through the centuries. [The Hated Son.]

VERNEUIL (Victor-Amedee, Duc de), probably descended from the

preceding, died before the Revolution; by Mademoiselle Blanche de

Casteran, he had a daughter, Marie-Nathalie--afterwards Madame

Alphonse de Montauran. He acknowledged his natural daughter at the

close of his life, and almost disinherited his legitimate son in her

favor. [The Chouans.]

VERNEUIL (Mademoiselle de), probably a relative of the preceding;

sister of the Prince de Loudon, the Vendean cavalry general; she went

to Mans to save her brother, and died on the scaffold in 1793, after

the Savenay affair. [The Chouans.]

VERNEUIL (Duc de), son of the Duc Victor-Amedee de Verneuil, and

brother of Madame Alphonse de Montauran, with whom he had a lawsuit

over the inheritance left by their father; during the Restoration he

lived in the town of Alencon and was on intimate terms with the

D'Esgrignons of that place. He took Victurnien d'Esgrignon under his

protection, and introduced him to Louis XVIII. [The Chouans.

Jealousies of a Country Town.]

VERNEUIL (Duc de), of the family of the preceding, was present at the

entertainment given by Josepha Mirah, the mistress of the Duc

d'Herouville, when she opened her sumptuous suite of apartments on the

rue de la Ville-l'Eveque, Paris, in Louis Philippe's reign. [Cousin

Betty.]

VERNEUIL (Duc de), a good-natured great nobleman, son-in-law of a

wealthy first president of a royal court, who died in 1800; he was the

father of four children, among them being Mademoiselle Laure and the

Prince Gaspard de Loudon; owned the historic chateau of Rosembray, in

the vicinity of Havre, and close by the forest of Brotonne; there he

received, one day in October, 1829, the Mignon de la Basties,

accompanied by the Herouvilles, Canalis, and Ernest de la Briere, all

of whom were at that time desirous to marry Modeste Mignon, soon to

become Madame de la Briere de la Bastie. [Modeste Mignon.]

VERNEUIL (Duchesse Hortense de), wife of the preceding, a haughty and

pious personage, daughter of a wealthy first president of a royal

court, who died in 1800. Of her four children, only two lived--her

daughter Laure and the Prince Gaspard de Loudon; she was on very

intimate terms with the Herouvilles, and especially with the elderly

Mademoiselle d'Herouville, and received a visit from them, one day in

October, 1829, with the Mignon de la Basties, followed by Melchior de

Canalis and Ernest de la Briere. [Modeste Mignon.]

VERNEUIL (Laure de), daughter of the preceding couple. At the

entertainment at Rosembray in October, 1829, Eleonore de Chaulieu gave

her advice on the subject of tapestry and embroidery. [Modeste

Mignon.]

VERNEUIL (Duchesse de), sister of the Prince de Blamont-Chauvry; an

intimate friend of the Duchesse de Bourbon, sorely tried by the

disasters of the Revolution; aunt and, in a way, mother by adoption of

Blanche-Henriette de Mortsauf (born Lenoncourt). She belonged to a

society of which Saint-Martin was the soul. The Duchesse de Verneuil,

who owned the Clochegourde estate in Touraine, gave it, in her

lifetime, to Madame de Mortsauf, reserving for herself only one room

of the mansion. Madame de Verneuil died in the early part of the

nineteenth century. [The Lily of the Valley.]

VERNEUIL (Marie-Nathalie de).[*] (See Montauran, Marquise Alphonse

de.)

[*] On June 23, 1837, under the title of /Le Gars/, the Ambigu-Comique

presented a drama of Antony Beraud's in five acts and six

tableaux, which was a modified reproduction of the adventures of

Marie-Nathalie de Montauran.

VERNIER (Baron), intendant-general, under obligations to Hector Hulot

d'Ervy, whom he met, in 1843, at the Ambigu theatre, as escort of a

gloriously handsome woman. He afterwards received a visit from the

Baronne Adeline Hulot, coming for information. [Cousin Betty.]

VERNIER, formerly a dyer, who lived on his income at Vouvray

(Touraine), about 1821; a cunning countryman, father of a marriageable

daughter named Claire; was challenged by Felix Gaudissart in 1831, for

having played a practical joke on that illustrious traveling merchant,

and fought a bloodless pistol duel. [Gaudissart the Great.]

VERNIER (Madame), wife of the preceding, a stout little woman, of

robust health; a friend of Madame Margaritis; she gladly contributed

her share to the mystification of Gaudissart as conceived by her

husband. [Gaudissart the Great.]

VERNISSET (Victore de), a poet of the "Angelic School," at the head of

which stood Canalis, the academician; a contemporary of Beranger,

Delavigne, Lamartine, Lousteau, Nathan, Vigny, Hugo, Barbier, Marie

Gaston and Gautier, he moved in various Parisian circles; he was seen

at the Brothers of Consolation on the rue Chanoinesse, and he received

pecuniary assistance from the Baronne de la Chanterie, president of

the above-mentioned association; he was to be found, with Heloise

Brisetout, on the rue Chauchat, at the time of her house-warming in

the apartments in which she succeeded Josepha Mirah; there he met

J.-J. Bixiou, Leon de Lora, Etienne Lousteau and Stidmann; he fell

madly in love with Madame Schontz. He was invited to the marriage of

Celestin Crevel and Valerie Marneffe. [The Seamy Side of History.

Beatrix. Cousin Betty.]

VERNON (Marechal) father of the Duc de Vissembourg and the Prince

Chiavari. [Beatrix.]

VERNOU (Felicien), a Parisian journalist. He used his influence in

starting Marie Godeschal, usually called Mariette, at the Porte Saint-

Martin. The husband of an ugly, vulgar, and crabbed woman, he had by

her children that were by no means welcome. He lived in wretched

lodgings on the rue Mandar, when Lucien de Rubempre was presented to

him. Vernou was a caustic critic on the side of the oppositon. The

uncongeniality of his domestic life embittered his character and his

genius. He was a finished specimen of the envious man, and pursued

Lucien de Rubempre with an alert and malicious jealousy. [A Bachelor's

Establishment. Lost Illusions. A Distinguished Provincial at Paris.

Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.] In 1834, Blondet recommended him to

Nathan as a "Handy Andy" for a newspaper. [A Daughter of Eve.]

Celestin Crevel invited him to his marriage with Valerie Marneffe.

[Cousin Betty.]

VERNOU (Madame Felicien), wife of the preceding, whose vulgarity was

one of the causes of her husband's bitterness, revealed herself in her

true light to Lucien de Rubempre, when she mentioned a certain Madame

Mahoudeau as one of her friends. [A Distinguished Provincial at

Paris.]

VERT (Michel-Jean-Jerome), nick-named Vermichel, formerly violinist in

the Bourgogne regiment, was occupied, during the Restoration, with the

various callings of fiddler, door-keeper of the Hotel de Ville, drum-

beater of Soulanges, jailer of the local prison, and finally bailiff's

deputy in the service of Brunet. He was intimate friend of Fourchon,

with whom he was in the habit of getting on sprees, and whose hatred

for the Montcornets, owners of Aigues, he shared. [The Peasantry.]

VERT (Madame Michel), wife of the preceding, commonly called

Vermichel, as was the case with her husband; a mustached virago, a

metre in width, and of two hundred and forty pounds weight, but active

in spite of this; she ruled her husband absolutely. [The Peasantry.]

VERVELLE (Antenor), an eccentric bourgeois of Paris, made his fortune

in the cork business. Retiring from the trade, Vervelle became, in his

own way, an amateur artist; wished to form a gallery of paintings, and

believed that he was collecting Flemish specimens, works of Tenier,

Metzu, and Rembrandt; employed Elie Magus to form the collection, and,

with that Jew as go-between, married his daughter Virginie to Pierre

Grassou. Vervelle, at that time, was living in a house of his own on

the rue Boucherat, a part of the rue Saint-Louis (now rue de Turenne),

near the rue Charlot. He also owned a cottage at Ville-d'Avray, in

which the famous Flemish collection was stored--pictures really

painted by Pierre Grassou. [Pierre Grassou.]

VERVELLE (Madame Antenor), wife of the preceding, gladly accepted

Pierre Grassou for a son-in-law, as soon as she found out that Maitre

Cardot was his notary. Madame Vervelle, however, was horrified at the

idea of Joseph Bridau's bursting in Pierre's studio, and "touching up"

the portrait of Mademoiselle Virginie, afterwards Madame Grassou.

[Pierre Grassou.]

VERVELLE (Virginie). (See Grassou, Madame Pierre.)

VEZE (Abbe de), a priest of Mortagne, during the Empire, administered

the last sacrament to Madame Bryond des Tours-Minieres just before her

execution in 1810; he was afterwards one of the Brothers of

Consolation, installed in the home of the Baronne de la Chanterie on

the rue Chanoinesse, Paris. [The Seamy Side of History.]

VIALLET, an excellent gendarme, appointed brigadier at Soulanges,

Bourgogne; replaced Soudry, retired. [The Peasantry.]

VICTOIRE, in 1819, a servant of Charles Claparon, a banker on the rue

de Provence, Paris; "a real Leonarde bedizened like a fish-huckster."

[Cesar Birotteau.]

VICTOR, otherwise known as the Parisian, a mysterious personage who

lived in marital relations with the Marquis d'Aiglemont's eldest

daughter, and made her the mother of several children. Victor, while

dodging the pursuit of the police, who were on his track for the

murder of Mauny, had found refuge for two hours in Versailles, on

Christmas night of one of the last years of the Restoration, in a

house near the Barriere de Montreuil (57, Avenue de Paris), with the

parents of Helene d'Aiglemont, the last named of whom fled with him.

During Louis Philippe's reign, Victor was captain of the "Othello," a

Colombian pirate, and lived very happily with his family--Mademoiselle

d'Aiglemont and the children he had by her. He met with General

d'Aiglemont, his mistress's father, who was at that time a passenger

on board the "Saint-Ferdinand," and saved his life. Victor perished at

sea in a shipwreck. [A Woman of Thirty.]

VICTORINE, a celebrated seamstress of Paris, had among her customers

the Duchesse Cataneo, Louise de Chaulieu, and, probably, Madame de

Bargeton. [Massimilla Doni. Lost Illusions. Letters of Two Brides.]

Her successors assumed and handed down her name; Victorine IV.'s

"intelligent scissors" were praised in the latter part of Louis

Philippe's reign, when Fritot sold Mistress Noswell the Selim shawl.

[Gaudissart II.]

VIDAL & PORCHON, book-sellers on commission, Quai des Augustins,

Paris, in 1821. Lucien de Rubempre had an opportunity to judge of

their method of doing business, when his "Archer of Charles IX." and a

volume of poems were brutally refused by them. Vidal & Porchon had in

stock at that time the works of Keratry, Arlincourt, and Victor

Ducange. Vidal was a stout, blunt man, who traveled for the firm.

Porchon, colder and more diplomatic, seemed to have special charge of

negotiations. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris.]

VIEN (Joseph-Marie), a celebrated painter, born at Montpellier in

1716, died at Rome in 1809. In 1758, with Allegrain and Loutherbourg,

he aided his friend Sarrasine in abducting Zambinella, with a view to

taking him to the apartments of the sculptor, who was madly in love

with the eunuch, believing him to be a woman. At a later period, Vien

made for Madame de Lantry a copy of the statue modeled by Sarrasine

after Zambinella, and it was from this picture of Vien's that Girodet,

the signer of "Endymion," received his inspiration. This statue of

Sarrasine's was, long afterwards, reproduced by the sculptor Dorlange-

Sallenauve. [Sarrasine. The Member for Arcis.]

VIEUX-CHAPEAU, a soldier in the Seventy-second demi-brigade; was

killed in an engagement with the Chouans, in September, 1799. [The

Chouans.]

VIGNEAU, of the commune of Isere, of which Benassis was creator, so to

speak; he courageously took charge of an abandoned tile-factory, made

a successful business of it, and lived with his family around him,

which consisted of his mother, his mother-in-law, and his wife, who

had formerly been in the service of the Graviers of Grenoble. [The

Country Doctor.]

VIGNEAU (Madame), wife of the preceding, a perfect housekeeper; she

received Genestas cordially, when brought to call by Benassis; Madame

Vigneau was then on the point of becoming a mother. [The Country

Doctor.]

VIGNOL (See Bouffe.)

VIGNON (Claude), a French critic, born in 1799, brought a remarkable

power of analysis to the study of all questions of art, literature,

philosophy, or political problems. A clear, deep, and unerring judge

of men, a strong psychologist, he was famous in Paris as early as

1821, and was present, at the apartments of Florine, then acting at

the Panorama-Dramatique, at the supper following the presentation of

the "Alcade dans l'Embarras," and had a brilliant conversation on the

subject of the press with Emile Blondet, in the presence of a German

diplomatist. [A Distinguished Provincial at Paris.] In 1834, Claude

Vignon was entrusted with the haute critique of the newspaper founded

by Raoul Nathan. [A Daughter of Eve.] For quite a period Vignon had

Felicite des Touches (Camille Maupin) as his mistress. In 1836, he

brought her back from Italy, accompanied by Lora, when he heard the

story of the domestic difficulties of the Bauvans from Maurice de

l'Hostal, French consul at Genoa. [Honorine.] Again, in 1836, at Les

Touches, Vignon, on the point of giving up Camille Maupin, delivered

to his former mistress a veritable dissertation, of surprising

insight, on the subject of the heart, with reference to Calyste du

Guenic, Gennaro Conti, and Beatrix de Rochefide. Such intimate

knowledge of the human heart had gradually saddened and wearied him;

he sought relief for his ennui in debauchery; he paid attention to La

Schontz, really a courtesan of superior stamp, and moulded her.

[Beatrix.] Afterwards, he became ambitious, and was secretary to

Cottin de Wissembourg, minister of war; this position brought him into

contact with Valerie Marneffe, whom he secretly loved; he, Stidmann,

Steinbock, and Massol, were witnesses of her marriage to Crevel, this

being the second time she had been led to the altar. He was counted

among the habitues of Valerie's salon, when "Jean-Jacques Bixiou was

going . . . to cozen Lisbeth Fischer." [Cousin Betty.] He rallied to

the support of Louis Philippe, and as editor of the Journal des

Debats, and master of requests in the Council of State, he gave his

attention to the lawsuit pending between S.-P. Gazonal and the prefect

of the Pyrenees-Orientales; a position as librarian, a chair at the

Sorbonne, and the decoration bore further testimony to the favor that

he enjoyed. [The Unconscious Humorists.] Vignon's reputation remained

undiminished, and, even in our own time, Madame Noemi Rouvier,

sculptor and novelist, signs the critic's name to her works.

VIGOR, manager of the post-station at Ville-aux-Fayes, during the

Restoration; officer in the National Guard of that sub-prefecture of

Bourgogne; brother-in-law of Leclercq, the banker, whose sister he had

married. [The Peasantry.]

VIGOR, son of the preceding, and, like the rest of his family,

interested in protecting Francois Gaubertin from Montcornet; he was

deputy judge of the court of Ville-aux-Fayes in 1823. [The Peasantry.]

VILLEMOT, head-clerk of Tabareau, the bailiff, was entrusted, in

April, 1845, with the work of superintending the details of the

interment of Sylvain Pons, and also to look after the interests of

Schmucke, who had been appointed residuary legatee by the deceased.

Villemot was entirely under the influence of Fraisier, business agent

of the Camusot de Marvilles. [Cousin Pons.]

VILLENOIX (Salomon de), son of a wealthy Jew named Salomon, who in his

old age had married a Catholic. Brought up in his mother's religion;

he raised the Villenoix estate to a barony. [Louis Lambert.]

VILLENOIX (Pauline Salomon de), born about 1800; natural daughter of

the preceding. During the Restoration, she was made to feel her

origin. Her character and her superiority made her an object of envy

in her provincial circle. Her meeting with Louis Lambert at Blois was

the turning point in her life. Community of age, country,

disappointments, and pride of spirit brought them in touch--a

reciprocated passion was the result. Mademoiselle Salomon de Villenoix

was going to marry Lambert, when the scholar's terrible mental malady

asserted itself. She was frequently able to avert the sick man's

paroxysms; she nursed him, advised him, and guided him, notably at

Croisic, where at her suggestion Lambert related in letter-form the

tragic misfortunes of the Cambremers, which he had just learned. On

her return to Villenoix, Pauline took her fiance with her where she

noted down and understood his last thoughts, sublime in their

incoherence; he died in her arms, and from that time forth she

considered herself the widow of Louis Lambert, whom she had buried in

one of the islands of the lake park at Villenoix. [Louis Lambert. A

Seaside Tragedy.] Two years later, being sensibly aged, and living in

almost total retirement from the world at the town of Tours, but full

of sympathy for weak mortals, Pauline de Villenoix protected the Abbe

Francois Birotteau, the victim of Troubert's hatred. [The Vicar of

Tours.]

VILQUIN, the richest ship-owner of Havre, during the Restoration,

purchased the estates of the bankrupt Charles Mignon, with the

exception of a chalet given by Mignon to Dumay; this dwelling, being

in close proximity to the millionaire's superb villa, and being

occupied by the families of Mignon and Dumay, was the despair of

Vilquin, Dumay obstinately refusing to sell it. [Modeste Mignon.]

VILQUIN (Madame), wife of the preceding, had G.-C. d'Estourny as

lover, previous to his amour with Bettina-Caroline Mignon; by her

husband she had three children, two of whom were girls. The eldest of

these, being richly endowed, was eventually Madame Francisque Althor.

[Modeste Mignon.]

VIMEUX, in 1824, an unassuming justice of the peace in a department of

the North, rebuked his son Adolphe for the kind of life he was leading

in Paris. [The Government Clerks.]

VIMEUX (Adolphe), son of the preceding, in 1824, was copyist emeritus

in Xavier Rabourdin's bureau in the Finance Department. A great dandy,

he thought only of his dress, and was satisfied with meagre fare at

the Katcomb's restaurant; he became a debtor of Antoine, the messenger

boy; secretly his ambition was to marry a rich old lady. [The

Government Clerks.]

VINET had a painful career to start with; a disappointment crossed his

path at the very outset. He had seduced a Mademoiselle de Chargeboeuf,

and he supposed that her parents would acknowledge him as son-in-law,

and endow their daughter richly; so he married her, but her family

disowned her, and he therefore had to rely on himself entirely. As an

attorney at Provins, Vinet made his mark by degrees; as head of the

local opposition, with the aid of Goraud, he succeeded in making use

of Denis Rogron, a wealthy retired merchant, established the "Courrier

de Provins," a Liberalist paper, adroitly defended the Rogrons against

the charge of killing Pierrette Lorrain by slow degrees, was elected

to the Chamber of Deputies about 1830, and became also attorney-

general, and probably minister of justice. [Pierrette. The Member for

Arcis. The Middle Classes. Cousin Pons.]

VINET (Madame), wife of the preceding, born Chargeboeuf, and therefore

one of the descendants of the "noble family of La Brie, a name derived

from the exploit of a knight in the expedition of Saint-Louis," was

mother of two children, who suffered for her happiness. Absolutely

controlled by her husband, rejected and sacrificed by her family from

the time of her marriage, Madame Vinet scarcely dared in the Rogrons'

salon to speak in defence of Pierrette Lorrain, their victim.

[Pierrette.]

VINET (Olivier), son of the preceding couple, born in 1816. A

magistrate, like his father, began his career as deputy king's

attorney at Arcis, advanced to the position of king's attorney in the

town of Mantes, and, still further, was deputy king's attorney, but

now in Paris. Supported by his father's influence, and being noted for

his independent raillery, Vinet was dreaded everywhere. Among the

people of Arcis, he mixed only with the little coterie of government

officials, composed of Goulard, Michu, and Marest. [The Member for

Arcis.] Being a rival of Maitre Fraisier in the affections of Madame

Vatinelle of Mantes, he resolved to destroy this contestant in the

race, and so thwarted his career. [Cousin Pons.] At the Thuilliers',

on the rue Saint-Dominique-d'Enfer, Paris, where he displayed his

usual impertinence, Vinet was an aspirant to the hand of Celeste

Colleville, the heiress, who was eventually Madame Felix Phellion.

[The Middle Classes.]

VIOLETTE, a husbandman, tenanted in the department of Aube, near

Arcis, the Grouage farm, that was a part of the Gondreville estate, at

the time that Peyrade and Corentin, in accordance with Fouche's

instructions, undertook the singular abduction of Senator Malin de

Gondreville. A miserly and deceitful man, this fellow Violette

secretly aided with Malin de Gondreville and the powers of the day

against Michu, the mysterious agent of the Cinq-Cygne, Hauteserre, and

Simeuse families. [The Gondreville Mystery.]

VIOLETTE (Jean), a descendant of the preceding; hosier of Arcis in

1837; took in hand Pigoult's business, as successor to Phileas

Beauvisage. In the electoral stir of 1839, Jean Violette seemed to be

entirely at the disposal of the Gondreville faction. [The Member for

Arcis.]

VIRGINIE, cook in the household of Cesar Birotteau, the perfumer, in

1818. [Cesar Birotteau.]

VIRGINIE, during the years 1835-1836, lady's maid, on the rue Neuve-

des-Mathurins (at present rue des Mathurins), Paris, to Marie-Eugenie

du Tillet, who was at that time engrossed in righting the imprudent

conduct of Angelique-Marie de Vandenesse. [A Daughter of Eve.]

VIRGINIE, mistress of a Provencal soldier, who, at a later period,

during Bonaparte's campaign in Egypt, was lost for some time in a

desert, where he lived with a female panther. The jealous mistress was

constantly threatening to stab her lover, and he dubbed her Mignonne,

by antiphrasis; in memory of her he gave the same name to the panther.

[A Passion in the Desert.]

VIRGINIE, a Parisian milliner, whose hats were praised, for a

consideration, by Andoche Finot in his newspaper in 1821. [A

Distinguished Provincial at Paris.]

VIRLAZ, a rich furrier of Leipsic, from whom his nephew, Frederic

Brunner, inherited, about the middle of Louis-Philippe's reign. In his

lifetime this Jew, head of the house of Virlaz & Co., had the fortune

of Madame Brunner (first of the name) placed in the coffers of the Al-

Sartchild bank. [Cousin Pons.]

VISSARD (Marquis du), in memory of his younger brother, the Chevalier

Rifoel du Vissard, was created a peer of France by Louis XVIII., who

entered him as a lieutenant in the Maison-Rouge, and made him a

prefect upon the dissolution of the Maison-Rouge. [The Seamy Side of

History.]

VISSARD (Charles-Amedee-Louis-Joseph Rifoel, Chevalier du), noble and

headstrong gentleman; played an important part, after 1789, in the

various anti-revolutionary insurrections of western France. In

December, 1799, he was at the Vivetiere, and his impulsiveness was a

contrast with the coolness of Marquis Alphonse de Montauran, also

called Le Gars. [The Chouans.] He took part in the battle of Quiberon,

and, in company with Boislaurier, took a leading part in the uprising

of the Chauffeurs of Mortagne. Several circumstances, indeed, helped

to strengthen his Royalist inclinations. Fergus found in Henriette

Bryond des Tours-Minieres (Contenson, the spy), who secretly betrayed

him. Like his accomplices, Rifoel du Vissard was executed in 1809. At

times during his anti-revolutionary campaigns he assumed the name of

Pierrot. [The Seamy Side of History.]

VISSEMBOURG (Duc de), son of Marechal Vernon; brother of the Prince de

Chiavari; between 1835 and 1840 presided over a horticultural society,

the vice-president of which was Fabien du Ronceret. [Beatrix.]

VITAGLIANI, tenor at the Argentina, Rome, when Zambinella took the

soprano parts in 1758. Vitagliani was acquainted with J.-E. Sarrasine.

[Sarrasine.]

VITAL, born about 1810, a Parisian hatter, who succeeded Finot Pere,

whose store on rue du Coq was very popular about 1845, and deservedly

so, apparently. He amused J.-J. Bixiou and Leon de Lora by his

ridiculous pretensions. They wished him to supply S.-P. Gazonal with

a hat, and he proposed to sell him a hat like that of Lousteau. On

this occasion Vital showed them the head-covering that he had devised

for Claude Vignon, who was undecided in politics. Vital really

pretended to make each hat according to the personality of the person

ordering it. He praised the Prince de Bethune's hat and dreamed of the

time when high hats would go out of style. [The Unconscious

Humorists.]

VITAL (Madame), wife of the preceding, believed in her husband's

genius and greatness. She was in the store when the hatter received a

call from Bixiou, Lora and Gazonal. [The Unconscious Humorists.]

VITEL, born in 1776, Paris justice of the peace in 1845, an

acquaintance of Doctor Poulain; was succeeded by Maitre Fraisier, a

protege of the Camusot de Marvilles. [Cousin Pons.]

VITELOT, partner of Sonet, the marble-cutter; designed tombstones. He

failed to obtain the contract for monuments to Marsay, the minister,

and to Keller, the officer. It was given to Stidmann. The plans made

by Vitelot having been retouched, were submitted to Wilhelm Schmucke

for the grave of Sylvain Pons, who was buried in Pere-Lachaise.

[Cousin Pons.]

VITELOT (Madame), wife of the preceding, severely rebuked an agent of

the firm for bringing in as a customer W. Schmucke, heir-contestant to

the Pons property. [Cousin Pons.]

VIVET (Madeleine), servant to the Camusot de Marvilles; during nearly

twenty-five years was their feminine Maitre-Jacques. She tried in vain

to gain Sylvain Pons for a husband, and thus to become their cousin.

Madeleine Vivet, having failed in her matrimonial attempts, took a

dislike for Pons, and persecuted him in a thousand ways. [Scenes from

a Courtesan's Life. Cousin Pons.]

VOLFGANG,[*] cashier of Baron du Saint-Empire, F. de Nucingen, when

this well-known Parisian banker of rue Saint-Lazare fell madly in love

with Esther van Gobseck, and when Jacques Falleix's discomfiture

occurred. [Scenes from a Courtesan's Life.]

[*] He lived on rue de L'Arcade, near rue des Mathurins, Paris.

VORDAC (Marquise de), born in 1769, mistress of the rich Lord Dudley;

she had by him a son, Henry. To legitimize this child she arranged a

marriage with Marsay, a bankrupt old gentleman of tarnished

reputation. He demanded payment of the interest on a hundred thousand

francs as a reward for his marriage, and he died without having known

his wife. The widow of Marsay became by her second marriage the well-

known Marquise de Vordac. She neglected her duties as mother until

late in life, and paid no attention to Henri de Marsay except to

propose Miss Stevens as a suitable wife for him. [The Thirteen.]

VULPATO (La), noble Venetian, very frequently present in Fenice; about

1820 tried to interest Emilio Memmi, Prince of Varese, and Massimilla

Doni, Duchesse Cataneo, in each other. [Massimilla Doni.]

VYDER, anagram formed from d'Ervy, and one of the three names taken

successively by Baron Hector Hulot d'Ervy, after deserting his wife.

He hid under this assumed name, when he became a petition-writer in

Paris, in the lower part of Petite Pologne, opposite rue de la

Pepiniere, on Passage du Soleil, to-day called Galerie de Cherbourg.

[Cousin Betty.]

WADMANN, an Englishman who owned, near the Marville estate in

Normandie, a cottage and pasture-lands, which Madame Camusot de

Marville talked of buying in 1845, when he was about to leave for

England after twenty years' sojourn in France. [Cousin Pons.]

WAHLENFER or WALHENFER, wealthy German merchant who was murdered at

the "Red Inn," near Andenach, Rhenish Prussia, October, 1799. The deed

was done by Jean-Frederic Taillefer, then a surgeon and under-

assistant-major in the French army, who suffered his comrade, Prosper

Magnan, to be executed for the crime. Wahlenfer was a short, heavy-set

man of rotund appearance, with frank and cordial manners. He was

proprietor of a large pin-manufactory on the outskirts of Neuwied. He

was from Aix-la-Chapelle. Possibly Wahlenfer was an assumed name. [The

Red Inn.]

WALLENROD-TUSTALL-BARTENSTILD (Baron de), born in 1742, banker at

Frankfort-on-the-Main; married in 1804, his only daughter, Bettina, to

Charles Mignon de la Bastie, then only a lieutenant in the French

army; died in 1814, following some disastrous speculations in cotton.

[Modeste Mignon.]

WATSCHILDINE, a London firm which did business with F. de Nucingen,

the banker. On a dark autumn evening in 1821, the cashier, Rodolphe

Castanier, was surprised by the satanic John Melmoth, while he was in

the act of forging the name of his employer on some letters of credit

drawn on the Watschildine establishment. [Melmoth Reconciled.]

WATTEBLED, grocer in Soulanges, Bourgogne, in 1823; father of the

beautiful Madame Plissoud; was in middle class society; kept a store

on the first floor of a house belonging to Soudry, the mayor. [The

Peasantry.]

WATTEVILLE (Baron de), Besancon gentleman of Swiss descent; last

descendant of the well known Dom Jean de Watteville, the renegade Abbe

of Baumes (1613-1703); small and very thin, rather deficient mentally;

spent his life in a cabinet-maker's establishment "enjoying utter

ignorance"; collected shells and geological specimens; usually in good

humor. After living in the Comte, "like a bug in a rug," in 1815 he

married Clotilde-Louise de Rupt, who domineered over him completely.

As soon as her parents died, about 1819, he lived with her in the

beautiful Rupt house on rue de la Prefecture, a piece of property

which included a large garden extending along the rue du Perron. By

his wife, the Baron de Watteville had one daughter, whom he loved

devotedly, so much, indeed, that he lost all authority over her. M. de

Watteville died in 1836, as a result of his fall into the lake on his

estate of Rouxey, near Besancon. He was buried on an islet in this

same lake, and his wife, making great show of her sorrow, had erected

thereon a Gothic monument of marble like the one to Heloise and

Abelard in the Pere-Lachaise. [Albert Savarus.]

WATTEVILLE (Baronne de), wife of the preceding, and after his death of

Amedee de Soulas. (See Soulas, Madame A. de.)

WATTEVILLE (Rosalie de), only daughter of the preceding couple; born

in 1816; a blonde with colorless cheeks and pale-blue eyes; slender

and frail of body; resembled one of Albert Durer's saints. Reared

under her mother's stern oversight, accustomed to the most rigid

religious observances, kept in ignorance of all worldly matters, she

entirely concealed uner her modesty of manner and retiring disposition

her iron character, and her romantic audacity, so like that of her

great-uncle, the Abbe de Watteville; and which was increased by the

resoluteness and pride of the Rupt blood; although destined to marry

Amedee de Soulas, "la fleur de pois"[*] of Besancon, she became

enamoured of the attorney, Albert Savaron de Savarus. By successfully

carrying out her schemes she separated him from the Duchesse

d'Argaiolo, although these two were mutually in love--a separation

which caused Savarus great despair. He never knew of Rosalie's

affection for him, and withdrew to the Grande Chartreuse. Mademoiselle

de Watteville then lived for some time in Paris with her mother, who

was then the wife of Amedee de Soulas. She tried to see the Duchesse

d'Argaiolo, who, believing Savarus faithless, had given her hand to

the Duc de Rhetore. In February, 1838, on meeting her at a charity

ball given for the benefit of the former civil pensioners, Rosalie

made an appointment with her for the Opera ball, when she told her

former rival the secret of her manoeuvres against Madame de Rhetore,

and of her conduct as regards the attorney. Mademoiselle de Watteville

retired finally to Rouxey--a place which she left, only to take a trip

in 1841 on an unknown mission, from which she came back seriously

crippled, having lost an arm and a leg in a boiler explosion on a

steamboat. Henceforth she devoted her life to the exercises of

religion, and left her retreat no more. [Albert Savarus.]

[*] Title of one of the first editions of "A Marriage Settlement."

WERBRUST, associated with Palma, Parisian discounter on rue Saint-

Denis and rue Saint-Martin, during the Restoration; knew the story of

the glory and decay of Cesar Birotteau, the perfumer, who was mayor of

the second district; was the friend of the banker, Jean-Baptiste

d'Aldrigger, at whose burial he was present; carried on business with

the Baron de Nucingen, making a shrewd speculation when the latter

settled for the third time with his creditors in 1836. [Cesar

Birotteau. The Firm of Nucingen.]

WERCHAUFFEN (Baron de), one of Schirmer's aliases. (See Schirmer.)

WIERZCHOWNIA (Adam de), Polish gentleman, who, after the last division

of Poland, found refuge in Sweden, where he sought consolation in the

study of chemistry, a study for which he had always felt a strong

liking. Poverty compelled him to give up his study, and he joined the

French army. In 1809, while on the way to Douai, he was quartered for

one night with M. Balthazar Claes. During a conversation with his

host, he explained to him his ideas on the subject of "identity of

matter" and the absolute, thus bringing misfortune on a whole family,

for from that moment Balthazar Claes devoted time and money to this

quest of the absolute. Adam de Wierzchownia, while dying at Dresden,

in 1812, of a wound received during the last wars, wrote a final

letter to Balthazar Claes, informing him of the different thoughts

relative to the search in question, which had been in his mind since

their first meeting. By this writing, he increased the misfortunes of

the Claes family. Adam de Wierzchownia had an angular wasted

countenance, large head which was bald, eyes like tongues of fire, a

large mustache. His calmness of manner frightened Madame Balthazar

Claes.[*] [The Quest of the Absolute.]

[*] Under the title of /Gold, or the Dream of a Savant/, there is a

play by Bayard and Bieville, which presents the misfortunes of the

Claes. This was given at the Gymnase, November 11, 1837, by M.

Bouffe and Madame E. Sauvage, both of whom are still alive.

WILLEMSENS (Marie-Augusta). (See Brandon,[*] Comtesse de.)

[*] Lady Brandon was the mother of Louis Gaston and Marie Gaston.

WIMPHEN (De), married a friend of Madame d'Aiglemont's childhood. [A

Woman of Thirty.]

WIMPHEN (Madame Louisa de), childhood friend of Madame Julie

d'Aiglemont in school at Ecouen. In 1814, Madame d'Aiglemont wrote to

the companion, who was then on the point of marrying, of her own

disillusionment, and confidentially advised her to remain single. This

letter, however, was not sent, for the Comtesse de Listomere-Landon,

aunt of Julie d'Aiglemont by marriage, having found out about it,

discouraged such an impropriety on the part of her niece. Unlike her

friend, Madame de Wimphen married happily. She retained the confidence

of Madame d'Aiglemont, and was present, indeed, at the important

interview between Julie and Lord Grenville. After M. de Wimphen's

arrival to accompany his wife home, these two lovers were left alone,

until the unexpected arrival of M. d'Aiglemont made it necessary for

Lord Grenville to conceal himself. The Englishman died shortly after

this as a result of the night's exposure, when he was obliged to stay

in the cold on the outside of a window-sill. This happened also

immediately after his fingers were bruised by a rapidly closed door.

[A Woman of Thirty.]

WIRTH, valet of the banker, J.-B. d'Aldrigger; remained in the service

of Mesdames d'Aldrigger, mother and daughters, after the death of the

head of the family. He showed them the same devotion, of which he had

often given proof. Wirth was a kind of Alsatian Caleb or Gaspard, aged

and serious, but with much of the cunning mingled with his simple

nature. Seeing in Godefroid de Beaudenord a good husband for Isaure

d'Aldrigger, he was able to entrap him easily, and thus was partly

responsible for their marriage. [The Firm of Nucingen.]

WISCH (Johann). Fictitious name given in a newspaper for Johann

Fischer, when he had been accused of peculation. [Cousin Betty.]

WISSEMBOURG (Prince de), one of the titles of Marechal Cottin, the Duc

d'Orfano. [Cousin Betty.]

WITSCHNAU. (See Gaudin.)

XIMEUSE, fief situated in Lorraine; original spelling of the name

Simeuse, which came to to be written with an S on account of its

pronunciation. [The Gondreville Mystery.]

YSEMBOURG (Prince d'), marshal of France, the Conde of the Republic.

Madame Nourrisson, his confidential servant, looked upon him as a

"simpleton," because he gave two thousand francs to one of the most

renowned countesses of the Imperial Court, who came to him one day,

with streaming eyes, begging him to give her the assistance upon which

her children's life depended. She soon spent the money for a robe,

which she needed to wear so as to be dressed stylishly at an embassy

ball. This story was told by Madame Nourrisson, in 1845, to Leon de

Lora, Bixiou, and Gazonal. [The Unconscious Humorists.]

ZAMBINELLA, a eunuch, who sang at the Theatre Argentina, Rome, the

leading soprano parts; he was very beautiful. Sarassine, a French

sculptor, believing him to be a woman, became enamored of him, and

used him as a model for an excellent statue of Adonis, which may still

be seen at the Musee d'Albani, and which Dorlange-Sallenauve copied

nearly a century later. When he was over eighty years old and very

wealthy, Zambinella lived, under the Restoration, with his niece, who

was wife of the mysterious Lanty. While residing with the Lantys

Zambinella died in Rome, 1830. The early life of Zambinella was

unknown to the Parisian world. A mesmerist believed the old man, who

was a sort of traveling mummy, to be the famous Balsamo, also known as

Cagliostro, while the Bailli de Ferette took him to be the Comte de

Saint-Germain. [Sarrasine. The Member for Arcis.]

ZARNOWICKI (Roman[*]), Polish general who, as a refugee in Paris,

lived on the ground floor of the little two-story house on rue de

Marbeuf, of which Doctor Halpersohn occupied the other floor in 1836.

[The Seamy Side of History.]

[*] Probably a given name.

NOTE.

The /Repertory of the Comedie Humaine/, as the reader can see for

himself, should include only those episodes introducing characters

inter-related and continually recurring. Consequently, the stories

entitled /The Exiles/, /About Catherine de Medici/, /Maitre

Cornelius/, /The Unknown Masterpiece/, /The Elixir of Life/, /Christ

in Flanders/, which antedate the eighteenth century, and /Seraphita/,

which deals with the supernatural, are omitted, together with the

/Analytical Studies/. But /The Hated Son/ furnishes some indispensable

information concerning a few biographies. The /Dramas/ are outside the

action of the /Comedie/, so contribute no names.

According to Theophile Gautier, /The Comedie Humaine/ embraces two

thousand characters. His reckoning is nearly exact; but as a result of

cross-references, surnames, assumed names and the like, that number is

far exceeded in this work, which, nevertheless, omits many characters

outside the action, as: Chevet, Decamps, Delacroix, Finot Sr., the

child of Calyste and Sabine du Guenic, Noemi Magus, Meyerbeer,

Herbaut, Houbigant, Tanrade, Mousqueton, Arnal, Barrot, Bonald,

Berryer, Gautier, Gozlan, Hugo, Hyacinthe, Lafont, Lamartine,

Lassailly, F. Lemaitre, Charles X., Louis Philippe, Odry, Talma,

Thiers, Villele, Rossini, Rousseau, Mlle. Dejazet, Mlle. Georges, etc.

End of Project Gutenberg Etext of Repertory of the Comedie Humaine Pt 1

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