( PDF ) Estimação de risco relativo e razão de prevalência com desfecho binário

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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

FACULDADE DE MEDICINA

PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM EPIDEMIOLOGIA

DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO

ESTIMAÇÃO DE RISCO RELATIVO E RAZÃO DE

PREVALÊNCIA COM DESFECHO BINÁRIO

Cecília de Leão Martins Papaléo

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Álvaro Vigo

Porto Alegre, Dezembro de 2009

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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

FACULDADE DE MEDICINA

PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM EPIDEMIOLOGIA

DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO

ESTIMAÇÃO DE RISCO RELATIVO E RAZÃO DE

PREVALÊNCIA COM DESFECHO BINÁRIO

Cecília de Leão Martins Papaléo

Orientador: Prof.Dr. Álvaro Vigo

A apresentação desta dissertação é exigência do

Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia,

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, para

obtenção do título de Mestre.

Porto Alegre, Brasil.

2009

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BANCA EXAMINADORA

Profa. Dra. Suzi Alves Camey, Programa de Pós Graduação em Epidemiologia,

UFRGS.

Profa. Dra. Mary Clarisse Bozzetti, Programa de Pós Graduação em Epidemiologia,

UFRGS.

Profa. Dra. Patrícia Klarmann Ziegelmann, Instituto de Matemática, Departamento de

Estatística, UFRGS.

Prof. Dr. Álvaro Vigo, Programa de Pós Graduação em Epidemiologia, UFRGS

(Orientador).

AGRADECIMENTOS

Quero agradecer àquelas pessoas que me incentivaram ou contribuíram de alguma

forma para a realização deste trabalho.

Ao Prof. Dr. Álvaro Vigo, orientador desta dissertação, por me guiar e me estimular à

conclusão desta.

Aos meus amigos que estiveram próximo a mim e me estimularam, em especial minha

grande amiga Lidiane, pelo apoio teórico e sentimental.

Aos meus pais Jorge e Lelaine e ao meu irmão Luciano, que estiveram presente em

mais essa etapa da minha vida. Sem o amor de vocês eu não chegaria até aqui.

Ao meu marido e companheiro Gustavo, pelo incentivo, zelo e amor. Seu carinho foi

fundamental em mais essa etapa de nossas vidas.

SUMÁRIO

1. APRESENTAÇÃO........................................................................11

2. INTRODUÇÃO.............................................................................12

3. REVISÃO DE LITERATURA........................................................14

3.1 Métodos de estimação das medidas de associação..............18

3.1.1 Procedimento de Mantel-Haenszel..............................18

3.1.2 Conversão de RC em RR............................................19

3.1.3 Regressão de Poisson e Regressão de

Poisson com variância robusta....................................19

3.1.4 Regressão log-binomial...............................................20

3.2 Estudos comparativos via simulação.....................................21

4. OBJETIVOS.................................................................................24

5. REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS.............................................25

6. ARTIGO.......................................................................................27

7. CONCLUSÕES E CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS............................46

8. ANEXOS......................................................................................48

Anexo 1. Sintaxe da seleção de artigos ......................................49

Anexo 2. Relação de artigos selecionados pela

busca estratégica........................................................................50

Anexo 3. Relação de artigos utilizados......................................122

Anexo 4. Projeto de Pesquisa....................................................134

RESUMO

O risco relativo (RR) e a razão de prevalência (RP) são medidas de associação

que visam mensurar a relação de um desfecho binário e variáveis de exposição em

estudos com delineamento coorte e transversal, respectivamente. Nos casos em que

há variáveis de confusão ou um fator de exposição contínuo, a associação pode ser

estimada através de métodos específicos, tais como regressão de Poisson, regressão

log-binomial, análise estratificada e conversão de Zhang e Yu. A regressão logística

tem sido extensivamente usada para estimar a razão de chances (RC), a qual muitas

vezes é interpretada como RR ou RP. Quando a incidência/prevalência do desfecho

não é < 10% a RC produz estimativas de RC próximas à RP e RR. Porém, se o

desfecho for comum (≥ 10%), a RC superestima a RP e o RR. Este estudo tem como

objetivo apresentar uma revisão em 10 revistas da área médica, para verificar a

constância da utilização dos métodos que estimam a RP ou RR e a interpretação da

RC como RP e RR. Foram selecionados um total de 333 artigos do ano de 2007 e 381

artigos de 2008 com desfecho binário. Entre os estudos de coorte e transversal, 76,2%

aplicaram regressão logística e destes, 18,1% em 2007 e 14,7% em 2008 interpretaram

a RC como RR ou RP. No caso desses estudos, seria aconselhável utilizar um modelo

que estime diretamente essas medidas para evitar interpretação equivocadas. Uma vez

que a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta e a regressão log-binomial são

disponibilizadas em diversos pacotes estatísticos, não há mais motivos para não utilizá-

los.

ABSTRACT

Relative Risk (RR) and Prevalence Ratio (PR) are association measures that

aim to measure respectively the relation between an outcome binary and an exhibition

variables in study of cohort and cross-sectional design. In the cases that there are

confounding variables or a factor of e continuous exhibition, the association can be

estimated by specific methods such as Poisson Regression, log-binomial regression

stratified analyses and conversions proposed by Zhang & Yu. The logistic regression

has been widely used to estimate Odds Ratio (OR) which, several times, is interpreted

as RR or PR. When the incidence/prevalence of the outcome is not < 10% it produces

estimation of OR similar to PR and RR. However, if the outcome is common (≥ 10%) the

OR overestimates the PR and the RR. However, this study has the objective to present

a review in 10 journals of Medicine to verify the constancy of the application of methods

that estimate the PR or RR and the interpretation of OR as PR and RR. It was selected

a sum of 333 articles from 2007 and 381 articles from 2008 that estimated OR to be RR

or PR with binary outcome. Between cohort and cross-sectional studies, 76.2% applied

logistic regression and, among these, 18.1% in 2007 and 14.7% in 2008 interpreted OR

as PR and RR. In these studies should be used a model that estimate directly in order

to avoid misinterpretations. Once the Poisson regression with robust variance and the

log-binominal regression are available from many statistic packages, there is no reason

to not use them.

LISTA DE QUADROS

Revisão de Literatura

Quadro 1 - Quadro resumo dos estudos de simulação.......................................... 23

Artigo

Quadro 1 – Classificação das revistas em relação ao Fator de Impacto (F.I.) e

ao Qualis (Q).......................................................................................

Quadro 2 – Resultado da busca estratégica dos estudos com delineamentos

coorte/transversal e caso-controle em relação à prevalência /

incidência (P/I) de 10% para os anos de 2007 e 2008........................

Quadro 3 – Resultados da busca estratégica de artigos por revistas no ano de

2007.....................................................................................................

Quadro 4 – Resultados da busca estratégica de artigos por revistas no ano de

2008.....................................................................................................

Quadro 5 - Resultados dos estudos que utilizaram regressão logística em

estudos com delineamento coorte ou transversal (N) e interpretaram

RC como risco relativo ou razão de prevalência (n)............................

LISTA DE TABELAS

Revisão de Literatura

Tabela 1 - Distribuição dos dados de uma população............................................

Tabela 2 - Comparação entre risco relativo (RR) e razão de chances (RC) para

diferentes valores de prevalência (P) ou incidência (I) entre grupos

de expostos e não expostos.................................................................

LISTA DE FIGURAS

Revisão de Literatura

Figura 1- A relação entre RR e RC para a incidência do desfecho........................ 17

1. APRESENTAÇÃO

Este trabalho consiste na dissertação de mestrado intitulada “Estimação de

Risco Relativo e Razão de Prevalência com Desfecho Binário”, apresentada ao

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia da Universidade Federal do Rio

Grande do Sul, em 18 de dezembro de 2009. O trabalho é apresentado em três partes,

na ordem que segue:

1. Introdução, Revisão de Literatura e Objetivos

2. Artigo

3. Conclusões e Considerações Finais.

Documentos de apoio, incluindo o Projeto de Pesquisa, estão apresentados nos

anexos.

2. INTRODUÇÃO

Os estudos do tipo transversal e coorte são utilizados com grande freqüência em

investigações epidemiológicas e clínicas. Normalmente, estes estudos visam estimar a

associação entre uma exposição e o desfecho binário. A razão de prevalências (RP)

deve ser usada quando o delineamento é transversal, e o risco relativo (RR), quando

delineamento é coorte (Fletcher, 2006; Huley, 2003; Rothman, 1986). Para ajustar RP

ou RR para possíveis variáveis de confusão, análise estratificada ou modelos

multivariáveis podem ser utilizados. A análise estratificada exige que a variável de

exposição e as variáveis de confusão sejam categóricas, enquanto que, nos modelos

multivariáveis estas variáveis podem ser categóricas e/ou contínuas. Entretanto, a

análise estratificada torna-se complexa à medida que aumenta o número de variáveis

de confusão, razão pela qual usualmente se utilizam modelos multivariáveis.

Há ainda a razão de chances (RC), medida de associação que pode ser

estimada pelo modelo de regressão logística (Rumel, 1986). Este método é bastante

conhecido pelos pesquisadores e está disponível em diversos pacotes estatísticos, e

por essas facilidades, também é habitualmente utilizado para estimar RC em estudos

transversais e coorte, sendo, muitas vezes, interpretado como RP e RR (Coutinho et al,

2008; Francisco et al,2008; McNutt et al, 2003; Schiaffino et al, 2003). A estimativa

pontual e intervalar da RC produzida por este modelo com o objetivo de estimar RP e

RR pode tornar-se enviesada (Francisco et al, 2008). A RC produz uma estimativa

afastada da RP e RR quando a variável de desfecho apresentar uma prevalência ou

incidência comum, usualmente maior que 10% (Behrens, 2004; McNutt et al, 2003;

Thompson, 1998; Zocchetti et al, 1997). Nesse caso, a RC produzirá medidas de

associação superestimadas e, conseqüentemente, interpretação errônea (Thompson,

1998; Zocchetti et al, 1997). E mesmo que a estimativa pontual da RC seja idêntica ao

RR e RP, não se pode ter a garantir de que o intervalo de confiança seja também o

mesmo.

A discussão sobre este assunto surgiu quando Lee e Chia (1993) publicaram

uma carta comentando sobre a RC e RR em estudos transversais. A partir disto, outras

publicações ratificaram o tema e muitas destas sugeriram procedimentos para obter o

RR e RP. Assim sendo, alguns métodos alternativos têm sido mais utilizados para

estimar a medida de associação entre um desfecho dicotômico e um conjunto de

preditores de estudos com delineamento coorte ou transversal, independente da

prevalência ou incidência do desfecho (Coutinho et al, 2008; Schiaffino et al, 2003).

Estes métodos são os modelos de regressão de Poisson e log-binomial, análise

estratificada e conversão de RC para RR proposta por Zhang & Yu (1998). Alguns

estudos comparam esses métodos através de simulações e exemplos empíricos,

porém, nem todos os autores concordam sobre qual é o método mais apropriado para

estimar RP e RR.

Mesmo que atualmente estas técnicas tenham se tornado mais disponíveis,

ainda há publicações que estimam RC através da regressão logística, interpretando

como RP ou RR. Com o objetivo de aferir a freqüência com que os métodos de

estimação da RP e RR vêm sendo utilizados em publicações de revistas

epidemiológicas e clínicas, foi realizada uma seleção de artigos na base de dados de

acesso público PubMed, considerando publicações de 10 revistas médicas dos anos de

2007 e 2008. O PubMed é uma base de pesquisa que abrange diversas áreas médicas

e contém resumos e citações de periódicos. A sistemática de busca dos artigos foi

criada através de um algoritmo no Pubmed, que restringiu a busca por descritores, ano

de publicação e alguns limitadores importantes. Em cada artigo selecionado pela busca

procurou-se encontrar o método utilizado para estimar as medidas de associação RP,

RR e RC, o delineamento do estudo, a prevalência ou incidência do estudo e como foi

interpretada a medida de associação. Com estes dados é possível identificar a

constância com que as técnicas que estimam e interpretam RP e RR estão sendo

utilizadas, bem como a maneira que a RC obtida regressão logística vem sendo

interpretada, particularmente para delineamentos transversais e coorte.

3. REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Muitas pesquisas epidemiológicas têm como objetivo central identificar

associação entre fatores de risco ou de proteção e doenças ou medidas clínicas. A

relação entre um fator de exposição e um desfecho pode ser expressa através de

medidas que quantificam a magnitude dessa associação (Fletcher e Fletcher, 2006;

Huley et al, 2003). O delineamento do estudo e o tipo das variáveis estudadas são

aspectos que definem qual a medida de associação é a mais adequada para aferir esta

relação.

No caso em que o delineamento é coorte ou experimental, a medida de

associação é o risco relativo (RR), chamado também de razão de riscos. O RR é a

razão das medidas de incidência de doenças em duas populações. Incidência é a

proporção dos indivíduos em risco na população no início de um intervalo de tempo

que se tornaram novos casos da doença até o fim do intervalo (Huley et al, 2003). O

RR expressa a razão das probabilidades de ocorrência do desfecho entre os expostos

em relação aos não expostos, isto é, representa o risco relativo de desenvolver o

desfecho nos expostos em relação aos não expostos (Fletcher e Fletcher, 2006; Huley

et al, 2003). Para o delineamento transversal, a associação entre as variáveis é dada

pela razão de prevalência (RP), onde a medida de freqüência estimada é a prevalência

pontual. Prevalência é a fração de um grupo de pessoas que possui uma condição ou

desfecho clínico em um dado ponto do tempo. A interpretação da RP é similar ao do

RR, considerando a prevalência ao invés da incidência. Para o delineamento caso-

controle, não é possível estimar o risco diretamente, pois a incidência do desfecho

entre os expostos e entre os não-expostos não é estimada (Rumel, 1986). Assim, a

medida de associação entre fator de exposição e desfecho é a razão de chances (RC).

A RC avalia a relação entre a chance de um indivíduo exposto possuir a condição de

interesse, comparada à de um não exposto. Probabilidade compara o número de casos

favoráveis com o de casos possíveis, enquanto que chance compara o número de

casos favoráveis com o de casos desfavoráveis (Hulley et al, 2003).

A relação entre um fator exposição e um desfecho dicotômico na população,

está representada pela Tabela 1, abaixo:

Tabela 1- Distribuição de probabilidade conjunta de exposição ao fator de

risco e presença do desfecho em uma população.

Desfecho

Exposição

Presente Ausente

Total

Fator presente a

b a+b

Fator ausente c

d c+d

Total a+c b+d n

Fonte: Fletcher e Fletcher, 2006; Huley et al, 2003.

onde,

a = número de indivíduos expostos ao fator com o desfecho;

b = número de indivíduos expostos ao fator sem o desfecho;

= número de indivíduos não expostos ao fator com o desfecho;

= número de indivíduos não expostos sem o desfecho.

Através dessa tabela, podemos apresentar definições da RC, RR, e da RP, na

população, no caso de termos somente um preditor dicotômico, pelas fórmulas a

seguir:

No entanto, quando houver pelo menos uma variável de confusão ou o fator de

risco é uma variável contínua, essas fórmulas não podem ser aplicadas. A RC pode ser

estimada pelo modelo de regressão logística com resposta binária. Neste modelo a

variável dependente (desfecho)

é dicotômica e assume valor 1 se o evento de

interesse ocorre e 0 se o evento de interesse não ocorre. A associação entre o

desfecho e as covariáveis é definida pela equação:

110

...

)|1(

xYP

βββ

+++

onde

[ ]

′

xxx ,...,

são as variáveis preditoras e coeficientes

[ ]

′

ββββ

,...,,

são

parâmetros desconhecidos estimados a partir dos dados observados. Se o modelo não

( )

RPRR

(

)

( )

dbd

dbb

cac

caa

RC =

contempla termos de interações, a quantidade ke

,...2,1,

=∀

, representa a razão de

chances de ocorrência do desfecho associada ao acréscimo de uma unidade no

preditor

x , ajustada pelos demais preditores no modelo.

As estimativas da RP e RR podem ser obtidas por métodos alternativos que vem

sendo discutidos na literatura epidemiológica e que estão se tornando cada vez mais

usuais, métodos estes que serão apresentados nas seções seguintes. Estes métodos

são os modelos de regressão de Poisson e log-binomial, análise estratificada e

conversão de RC em RR proposta por Zhang & Yu. Porém, a regressão logística ainda

é a alternativa freqüentemente utilizada para estimar RP e RR. Estudos de simulação,

descritos nas próximas seções, comparam os resultados do RR obtido por métodos

alternativos, e da RC obtida pela regressão logística, com diferentes prevalências do

desfecho. Não há unanimidade na definição de evento comum, podendo variar a

prevalência acima de 5% até acima de 30%. No entanto, na grande maioria das

publicações, define-se desfecho comum quando a prevalência for acima de 10% (Nijem

et al, 2005; McNutt et al, 2003; Thompson et al, 1998; Zhang & Yu, 1998; Zocchetti et

al, 1997).

Estes estudos mostram que, se a prevalência do desfecho for comum, o valor da

RC é diferente do RR e RP, sendo inadequado interpretá-la como RP ou RR (Axelson

et al, 1994; Greenland, 2004; Nijem et al, 2005; McNutt et al, 2003; Thompson et al,

1998; Zhang & Yu, 1998; Zocchetti et al, 1997). Se o fator do estudo for de risco, a RC

é superestimada, e se o fator for de proteção, a RC é subestimada. A Tabela 2

apresenta um exemplo hipotético que expressa a diferença entre as duas medidas de

associação para diferentes prevalências ou incidências do desfecho, considerando um

fator de risco.

Tabela 2 - Comparação entre risco relativo (RR) e razão de chances (RC) para diferentes

valores de prevalência (P) ou incidência (I) entre grupos de expostos e não expostos.

P ou I

entre Expostos

P ou I

entre Não Expostos

P ou I

Geral

RR RC

2/100 1/100

0,015

2 2,02

20/100 10/100

0,150

2 2,25

40/100 20/100

0,300

2 2,67

80/100 40/100

0,600

2 6

O exemplo mostra que a RC aumenta conforme o evento torna-se comum. Isso

reforça que a interpretação da RC como RR ou RP pode ser inapropriada em estudos

transversais ou coorte quando o desfecho é comum (Nijem et al, 2005).

Zhang & Yu (1998) ilustram a relação entre RC e RR para diferentes incidências

em não expostos, como ilustra a Figura 1.

Figura 1- A relação entre RR e RC para a incidência do desfecho

Fonte: adaptado de Zhang & Yu (1998,p.1690).

Observa-se uma discrepância entre a RC e o RR à medida que a incidência

entre os não expostos aumenta. Por exemplo, quando a incidência no grupo dos não

expostos é 40% e o RR é 1,75, a RC será aproximadamente 3, superestimando o RR.

Porém, se considerar uma incidência de 5% entre os não expostos e o mesmo RR, a

RC é muito próxima de 1,75. Neste caso, a RC poderia ser utilizada para interpretar

RR. Entre os métodos sugeridos pela literatura para medir a associação entre um

conjunto de fatores e um desfecho binário em estudos do tipo coorte ou transversal,

destacam-se os modelos de regressão de Poisson e log-binomial, o procedimento de

Mantel-Haenszel e a conversão de RC em RR proposta por Zhang & Yu. Exceto para a

conversão de Zhang & Yu, Independente da prevalência ou incidência do desfecho ser

alta, estes métodos estimam diretamente RR ou RP e deveriam ser utilizados, para

evitar vieses.

O procedimento de Mantel-Haenszel, os modelos de regressão logística, log-

binomial e de Poisson estão disponíveis nos principais aplicativos computacionais

utilizados na área epidemiológica, tais como: SPSS, SAS, Stata, R e S-Plus.

Incidência entre os não expostos (%)

Razão de chances

3.1 Métodos de estimação das medidas de associação

Tem sido discutido na literatura métodos que estimam diretamente a RP e o RR

e seus intervalos de confiança. A seguir serão apresentadas técnicas que estimam

estas medidas de associação. A aplicação destes procedimentos é indicada quando o

delineamento do estudo é do tipo transversal ou coorte e a variável de desfecho é

dicotômica, podendo ou não haver variáveis de confusão.

3.1.1 Procedimento de Mantel-Haenszel

A análise estratificada de Mantel-Haenszel estima uma medida de associação

entre uma exposição e um desfecho considerando possíveis variáveis de confusão,

onde todas as variáveis devem ser categóricas (Gimeno & Souza,1995). O

procedimento permite resumir em uma única medida de associação, informações de

diferentes tabelas de contingência. Estas tabelas são definidas a partir da variável de

confusão, onde cada categoria desta variável forma um subgrupo que associa o fator

de exposição com o desfecho do estudo. Se o comportamento entre os subgrupos é

homogêneo, os dados das diferentes tabelas podem ser combinados usando o

procedimento estatístico de Mantel-Haenszel.

Porém, esse método tem como limitação o teste de homogeneidade, aplicado

para todas as medidas de associação (Everitt, 1977). Se a suposição de

homogeneidade for aceita, pode-se então estimar a RP ou RR ponderada que

considera todos os estratos.

Outra limitação deste método é a quantidade de categorias e de variáveis de

confusão a ser considerada no estudo, pois quanto maior o número de estratificações,

maior deve ser o tamanho da amostra para que todas as tabelas tenham uma

quantidade aceitável e significativa de indivíduos (Gimeno & Souza,1995; Zhang & Yu,

1998). Salienta-se que este procedimento não pode ser realizado quando as variáveis

preditoras são contínuas, e para esses casos, sugere-se os outros métodos

apresentados a seguir.

3.1.2 Conversão de RC para RR

Zhang & Yu (1998) propuseram uma fórmula de conversão da estimativa de

razão de chances, obtidas pela regressão logística, para estimar RR ou RP para

desfechos dicotômicos comuns. A conversão de RC em RR é definida por:

( ) ( )

RCPP

×+−

onde

representa a estimativa corrigida do risco relativo, RC é a razão de chances

obtida pela regressão logística e

é a incidência do desfecho no grupo de indivíduos

não expostos. Para estudos de prevalências, a aplicação desta correção estima RP. A

mesma fórmula pode ser aplicada para obter o limite inferior e superior do intervalo de

confiança (Zhang & Yu, 1998).

Porém, quando há uma variável de confusão pode não ser correto usar esta

conversão para estimar risco relativo ajustado a partir de uma estimativa de razão de

chances ajustada, pois produz estimativas enviesadas. Isso ocorre porque não há uma

relação entre a incidência do desfecho com a exposição para cada variável

confundidora (McNutt, et al, 2003). Estudos de simulação, apresentados nas próximas

seções, mostraram que a correção de Zhang & Yu produz estimativas superestimadas

do RR e intervalo de confiança viesado, pelo fato de que sua fórmula considera

somente a incidência dos não expostos (McNutt et al, 2003).

3.1.3 Regressão de Poisson e regressão de Poisson com variância robusta

A razão de prevalência ou o risco relativo podem ser estimados pelo modelo de

regressão de Poisson (McNutt et al, 2003; Barros & Hirakata, 2003). Este modelo

coincide com o modelo de regressão de Cox com tempo constante (modelo de

Breslow-Cox) e as medidas de RR e RP podem ser estimadas diretamente pelos

coeficientes de regressão do modelo (Barros & Hirakata, 2003; Zou, 2004).

Para definir o modelo, considere um desfecho binário

preditores definidos

por

[

]

xxxx ,...,,

. O modelo utiliza a função de ligação log para evitar que

)|1(

xYP =

assuma valores negativos. Assim, o modelo especifica que

(

)

(

)

xxxYP

βββ

+++== ...|1log

110

onde

βββ

,...,,

são os coeficientes de regressão do modelo. O erro aleatório deste

modelo possui distribuição de Poisson. Se não houver termos de interação no modelo,

a estimativa do RR ou RP é obtida pela exponencial dos coeficientes de regressão e

cada uma das medidas de associação estimadas é ajustada pelos demais preditores.

Porém, se o desfecho for comum (>10%), a regressão de Poisson produz um

intervalo de confiança para o RR menos preciso do que o verdadeiro. Isso ocorre em

conseqüência dos erros do modelo seguirem uma distribuição Poisson, que

superestima os erros no modelo com resposta dicotômica, cuja distribuição apropriada

é binomial.

Entretanto, a precisão do intervalo de confiança pode ser corrigida com o modelo

de Poisson com variância robusta, que utiliza um estimador robusto (estimador de

Sanduíche) para as variâncias dos coeficientes de regressão (Zou, 2004, Nijem et al,

2005). A regressão de Poisson com variância robusta ao ser aplicada à preditores

categóricos produz estimativas semelhantes ao procedimento de Mantel-Haenszel

(Zou, 2004).

3.1.4 Regressão log-binomial

O modelo log-binomial estima diretamente o risco relativo ou a razão de

prevalência e o erro do modelo segue uma distribuição binomial (McNutt et al, 2003;

Barros e Hirakata, 2003; Schiaffino et al, 2003).

O modelo é definido por:

(

)

(

)

xxxYP

βββ

+++== ...|1log

110

onde

(

)

|1 xYP =

é a probabilidade de indivíduos com o evento condicionado as

variáveis de exposição

. Se não existem interações, o risco relativo associado a j-

ésima variável é obtido pela exponencial dos coeficientes de regressão

kj , ... 2, ,1

, e esta medida de associação é ajustada pelas outras variáveis de

exposição do estudo.

Uma restrição do modelo é que 0...

<+++

βββ

, para assim, assegurar que

as estimativas das proporções estejam entre 0 e 1 (Skov et al,1998; Schiaffino et al,

2003). A estimativa do RR é não viciada, mas o intervalo de confiança pode ser

enviesado, produzindo um intervalo mais estreito que o verdadeiro (McNutt et al, 2003).

Além disso, problemas de convergência podem ocorrer quando o evento do desfecho

for alto ou as covariáveis forem contínuas ou politômicas (Barros e Hirakata, 2003;

Coutinho et al, 2008; Deddens & Petersen, 2003; Petersen & Deddens, 2008,

Schiaffino et al, 2003).

3.2 Estudos comparativos via simulação

Algumas publicações realizaram uma comparação entre métodos que estimam

as medidas de associação RP e RR quando o desfecho é binário, através de estudos

de simulação. A finalidade dos achados apresentados pelos artigos foi comparar as

estimativas pontuais e seus intervalos de confiança do risco relativo e razão de

prevalências.

McNutt et al (2003) comparam métodos de estimação do RR quando o evento é

comum, considerando modelos que podem ser utilizados em pacotes estatísticos

usuais. Para demonstrar os métodos, foram criados exemplos hipotéticos para mostrar

qual é a relação entre fator e desfecho quando o modelo é ajustado para confundidores

(covariáveis). As técnicas que foram comparadas neste estudo foram: procedimento de

Mantel-Haenszel estratificado, logit estratificado, regressão log-binomial, regressão de

Poisson, correção de Zhang & Yu e regressão logística. A conversão apresentada por

Zhang & Yu apresenta o pior resultado entre os métodos testados, apresentado uma

estimativa pontual consideravelmente maior que a estimativa verdadeira. O modelo que

obteve os melhores resultados foi o log-binomial, com estimativa pontual muito próxima

do valor verdadeiro e intervalo de confiança preciso. A regressão de Poisson mostrou

uma estimativa pontual muito próxima da análise de Mantel-Haenszel (MH), porém

produziu um intervalo de confiança impreciso, apresentando valores menos precisos

que o obtido pelo modelo log-binomial e as análises estratificadas (McNutt et al, 2003).

As técnicas estratificadas apresentaram uma estimativa pontual relativamente próxima

do RR obtido pelo MH e um intervalo de confiança confiável, quando comparado com a

regressão log-binomial. Em termos de intervalo de confiança, a regressão log-binomial

obteve alguns resultados mais estreito em relação ao intervalo de confiança da análise

estratificada, mas considerado satisfatório. Mesmo assim, os autores concluem que em

algumas situações o modelo log-binomial não converge.

Zou (2004) comparou o procedimento de Mantel-Haenszel, o modelo de

Poisson, o modelo de Poisson com variância robusta e o modelo log-binomial. Os

resultados das simulações mostram que, independente da técnica utilizada, à medida

que o tamanho da amostra aumenta, a porcentagem de viés relativo diminui. Tanto

para regressão de Poisson quanto para regressão de Poisson com variância robusta

(modificada), a porcentagem de viés relativo é o mesmo, porém, a amplitude do

intervalo de confiança da primeira é maior que da segunda. Tanto a regressão de

Poisson modificada quanto a regressão log-binomial, os resultados apresentados foram

similares e satisfatórios. Porém, o autor sugere a regressão de Poisson modificada

como a técnica mais apropriada para estimar RR pelo fato de produzir estimativas

muito próximas das produzidas pela técnica de Mantel-Haenszel quando a covariável

de interesse é categórica e por não ter dificuldade em convergir, como o modelo log-

binomial.

Schiaffino et al (2003) comparam métodos utilizados para medir a razão de

prevalência em estudos transversais através de exemplos empíricos. Os modelos

comparados nesse artigo foram: regressão logística, regressão de Breslow-Cox,

regressão log-binomial e a fórmula de conversão de RC para RR proposta por Zhang &

Yu (1998). A conversão proposta por Zhang & Yu, deve ser aplicada também nos

limites dos intervalos de confiança, porém Schiaffino sugere aplicar a fórmula utilizada

para estimar a RC em estudos de caso-controle, proposta por Miettinen (1976). Os

resultados mostraram que, quando a prevalência do desfecho é rara, o RC, RR e a RP

possuem suas estimativas e intervalos de confiança praticamente idênticos. Porém

quando o desfecho é comum, tanto as estimativas pontuais como os intervalos de

confiança tornam-se diferentes. A regressão logística superestimou a verdadeira

medida de associação, além de fornecer o intervalo de confiança mais amplo, em

relação às técnicas abordadas. A regressão log-binomial apresentou uma estimativa

pontual similar às estimativas dos modelos de Breslow-Cox e a fórmula de conversão

proposta por Zocchetti, porém com o menor intervalo de confiança.

Recentemente, foi publicado o artigo de Coutinho et al (2008) que faz o

comparativo das regressões de Cox, Poisson com variância robusta, log-binomial e a

logística, utilizado como referência os resultados obtidos pela análise estratificada de

Mantel-Haenszel. Nesse estudo foram comparados métodos para três desfechos

diferentes, considerados de baixa, média e alta prevalência. Para prevalência baixa, os

resultados dos modelos de Cox, Poisson e log-binomial se aproximaram da estimativa

pontual obtida pela técnica de Mantel-Haenszel, com intervalos de confiança mais

estreitos, e a regressão logística obteve uma estimativa pontual 13% maior, com

intervalo de confiança mais amplo que os outros modelos. Considerando a prevalência

média, os modelos de Cox, Poisson e log-binomial apresentaram estimativas pontuais

e intervalares similares aos valores de referência, enquanto que a regressão logística

apresentou uma estimativa pontual quase que 100% maior e intervalo de confiança

mais amplo, em relação aos outros modelos. Para prevalência do desfecho alta no

modelo ajustado com uma variável contínua, as estimativas pontuais e intervalares dos

modelos de Poisson e Cox foram semelhantes e a regressão log-binomial apresentou

uma dificuldade de convergência. A regressão logística produziu uma estimativa

pontual muito maior que as estimativas produzidas pelos outros modelos, com

intervalos de confiança amplo. Porém, este estudo teve a limitação de que as variáveis

que foram associadas não tinham uma forte relação, produzindo, assim, estimativas

dos métodos comparados muito próximas.

Quadro 1- Quadro resumos dos estudos de simulação

Estudo Modelo menos adequado Modelo sugerido observação

McNutt Conversão Zhang & Yu Log-binomial

Log-binomial

tem problema de

convergência

Zou

Regressão logística

(estimativa Pontual e

intervalar enviesadas)

Reg. Poisson

modificada

Log-binomial

tem problema de

convergência

Schiaffino Conversão Zhang & Yu Log-binomial

Log-binomial

obteve IC

estreito

Coutinho

Regressão logística

(Pontual enviesada e IC

amplo, mesmo para prev.

Baixa)

Poisson e Log-

binomial

Log-binomial

tem problema de

convergência

4. OBJETIVOS

O objetivo geral deste trabalho é selecionar artigos publicados em um conjunto

importante de revistas da área epidemiológica através de uma busca na base de dados

PubMed, e verificar a adequação do procedimento utilizado para estimar a medida de

associação RR ou RP e sua respectiva interpretação.

5. REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

Axelson O, Fredriksson M, Ekberg K. Use of the prevalence ratio v odds ratio as a

measure of risk in cross sectional studies (Correspondência). Occup Environ Med 1994;

51:574

Barros AJ, Hirakata VN. Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies: an

empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the prevalence ratio. BMC Med

Res Methodol 2003 Oct 20;3:21.

Behrens T, Taeger D, Wellmann J, Keil U.

Different Methods to Calculate Effect

Estimates in Cross-sectional Studies: A Comparison between Prevalence Odds Ratio

and Prevalence Ratio.

Methods Inf Med 2004; 43: 505–9

Coutinho LMS; Scazufca M; Menezes PR. Métodos para estimar razão de prevalência

em estudos de corte transversal. Rev Saude Publica 2008 Dez; 42(6):992-8.

Deddens JA, Petersen MR, Lei X. Estimation of prevalence ratios when PROC

GENMOD does not converge. (Paper 270-28). In: Proceedings of the 28th annual SAS

Users Group International conference. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc, 2003.

Everitt B. S. The analisys of contingency tables. 1 ed- New York: London Chapman and

Hall, 1977.

Fletcher RH, Fletcher SW. Epidemiologia clínica: Elementos Essenciais. 4 ed.- Porto

Alegre: ARTMED, 2006.

Francisco PMSB, Donalisio MR, Barros MBA, Cesar CLG, Carandina L, Goldbaum M.

Medidas de associação em estudo transversal com delineamento complexo: razão de

chances e razão de prevalência. Rev Bras Epidemiol 2008; 11(3): 347-55

Gimeno SG, de Souza JM. Using of stratification and logistic regression model in the

data analysis of case-control studies. Rev Saude Publica 1995 Aug; 29(4):283-9.

Greenland S. Model-based estimation of relative risks and other epidemiologic

measures in studies of common outcomes and in case-control studies. Am J Epidemiol

2004 Aug 15;160(4):301-5.

Hulley SB, Cummings SR, Browner WS, Grady D, Hearst N, Newman TB. Delineando a

pesquisa clínica: uma aboradagem epidemiológica. 2 ed. - Porto Alegre: ARTMED;

2003.

Lee J, Chia KS.Estimation of prevalence rate ratios for cross sectional data: an exemplo

in occupational epidemiology. Br J Ind Med 1993 Sep (50):861-62

McNutt LA, Wu C, Xue X, Hafner JP. Estimating the relative risk in cohort studies and

clinical trials of common outcomes. Am J Epidemiol 2003 May 15;157(10):940-3.

Miettinen, OS. Estimability and estimation in case- referent studies. Am J Epidemiol

1976 Fev 103(2): 226-235.

Nijem K, Kristensen P, Al-Khatib A, Bjertness E. Application of different statistical

methods to estimate relative risk for self-reported health complaints among shoe factory

workers exposed to organic solvents and plastic compounds. Norsk Epidemiologi 2005.

Petersen MR, Deddens JA. A comparison of two methods for estimating prevalence

ratio. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2008; 8:9

Rothman, KJ. Modern Epidemiology. 1ª Ed. Boston: Little Brown and Co, 1986

Rumel, D. “Odds Ratio”: algumas considerações. Rev Saude Publica 1986 20(3):253-8.

Schiaffino A, Rodriguez M, Pasarin MI, Regidor E, Borrell C, Fernandez E. [Odds ratio

or prevalence ratio? Their use in cross-sectional studies]. Gac Sanit 2003 Jan;17(1):70-

Skov T, Deddens J, Petersen MR, Endahl L. Prevalence proportion ratios: estimation

and hypothesis testing. Int J Epidemiol 1998 Feb;27(1):91-5.

Thompson ML, Myers JE, Kriebel D. Prevalence odds ratio or prevalence ratio in the

analysis of cross sectional data: what is to be done? Occup Environ Med 1998

Apr;55(4):272-7.

Zhang J, Yu KF. What's the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort

studies of common outcomes. JAMA 1998 Nov 18;280(19):1690-1.

Zocchetti C, Consonni D, Bertazzi PA. Relationship between prevalence rate ratios and

odds ratios in cross-sectional studies. Int J Epidemiol 1997 Feb;26(1):220-3.

Zou G. A modified poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data.

Am J Epidemiol 2004 Apr 1;159(7):702-6.

6. ARTIGO

ESTIMAÇÃO DE RISCO RELATIVO E RAZÃO DE PREVALÊNCIA

COM DESFECHO BINÁRIO

ESTIMATION OF RELATIVE RISK AND PREVALENCE RATIO WITH BINARY

OUTCOME

Cecília de Leão Martins Papaléo

Steffan Frosi Stella

Álvaro Vigo

1 - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRGS.

2- Médico residente do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre.

3 - Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Matemática, UFRGS.

A ser enviado aos Cadernos de Saúde Pública.

Resumo

A medida utilizada para verificar uma possível associação entre o desfecho

binário e as variáveis de exposição depende do delineamento do estudo: em estudos

em que o delineamento é uma coorte ou transversal, esta associação, chamada de

risco relativo (RR) e razão de prevalência (RP), respectivamente, podem ser

mensuradas por métodos específicos, tais como regressão de Poisson, regressão log-

binomial, análise estratificada e conversão propostas por Zhang & Yu, e em estudos de

caso-controle, a regressão logística é o modelo que estima esta associação, chamada

razão e chances (RC). Comumente a RC é estimada em estudos de coorte e

transversal, por sua facilidade em ser aplicada, embora os métodos específicos que

estimam RR e RP estarem em evidência atualmente. Para verificar a constância desta

aplicação na literatura médica, o presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma

revisão em 10 revistas da área médica, para verificar a constância da utilização dos

métodos que estimam a RP ou RR e a interpretação da RC como RP e RR. Foram

selecionados um total de 333 artigos do ano de 2007 e 381 artigos de 2008 que

estimaram RP, RR e RC com desfecho binário. Entre os estudos de coorte e

transversal, 76,2% aplicaram regressão logística e destes, 18,1% em 2007 e 14,7% em

2008 interpretaram a RC como RR ou RP. No caso desses estudos, seria aconselhável

utilizar um modelo que estime diretamente essas medidas para evitar interpretação

equivocadas. Uma vez que a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta e a

regressão log-binomial são disponibilizadas em diversos pacotes estatísticos, não há

mais motivos para não utilizá-los.

Palavras chave: Razão de Prevalência, Risco Relativo, Razão de Chances,

Regressão de Poisson, Regressão Log-binomial

Abstract

The measure used to verify a possible association between the outcome binary

and the exhibition variables, depends on the design of the study. In studies in which the

design is a cohort or a cross-sectional this association, called respectively Relative Risk

(RR) and Prevalence Ratio (PR), can be measure by specific methods such as Poisson

Regression, log-binomial regression stratified analyses and conversions proposed by

Zhang & Yu, and in studies of case-control the logistic regression is the model that

estimate this association, called Odds Ratio (OR). The OR is commonly estimated in

studies of cohort and cross-sectional because of its easy application, although the

specific methods that estimate RR and PR are currently in evidence. To verify the

constancy of this application in Medical literature this study has the objective to present

a review in 10 journals of Medicine to verify the constancy of the application of methods

that estimate the PR or RR and the interpretation of OR as PR and RR. It was selected

a sum of 333 articles from 2007 and 381 articles from 2008 that estimated OR to be RR

or PR with binary outcome. Between cohort and cross-sectional studies, 76.2% applied

logistic regression and, among these, 18.1% in 2007 and 14.7% in 2008 interpreted OR

as PR and RR. In these studies should be used a model that estimate directly in order

to avoid misinterpretations. Once the Poisson regression with robust variance and the

log-binominal regression are available in many statistics packages, there is no reason to

not use them.

Keywords: Prevalence Ratio, Relative Risk, Odds Ratio, Poisson Regression,

Log-binomial Regression

Introdução

É freqüente que estudos epidemiológicos tenham como objetivo estimar a

associação entre uma variável de exposição e um desfecho binário. A Razão de

Prevalência (RP) deve ser usada quando o delineamento é transversal, e o Risco

Relativo (RR), quando delineamento é coorte

1,2,3

. Para ajustar a RP ou o RR para

possíveis variáveis de confusão, pode-se utilizar análise estratificada ou modelos

multivariáveis. A análise estratificada exige que a variável de exposição e as variáveis

de confusão sejam categóricas

, enquanto que, nos modelos multivariáveis, essas

variáveis podem ser categóricas ou contínuas. Entretanto, a análise estratificada torna-

se complexa à medida que aumenta o número de preditores, razão pela qual os

modelos multivariáveis são normalmente utilizados.

Além da RP e RR, a Razão de Chances (RC) é uma medida de associação que

pode ser estimada pelo modelo de regressão logística

, independente do tipo de

delineamento do estudo. Esse método é habitualmente utilizado para estimar RC em

estudos transversais e coorte, porém, muitas vezes, a RC é interpretada como RP e

6,7,8,9,10

. Nesses casos, a estimativa de RC produzida pelo modelo logístico pode

ser enviesada para RR ou RP

. Se o fator do estudo for de risco, a RC irá

superestimar o RR ou RP e, se o fator for de proteção, a RC irá subestimar o RR ou

RP. A RC produz uma estimativa afastada da RP e RR quando a variável de desfecho

apresentar uma prevalência ou incidência comum (>10%)

9,11,12,13.

No entanto, em

casos em que o desfecho do estudo não é comum, o resultado fornecido pela RC

possivelmente será muito próximo dos resultados da RP e do RR, permitindo, talvez,

que seja interpretado como RP ou RR

Esta discussão surgiu em 1993, quando Lee e Chia (1993) publicaram um artigo

sobre o assunto

. A partir disto, várias publicações abordaram este assunto,

demonstrando através de exemplos e sugerindo métodos para obter o RR ou RP

diretamente. Alguns destes métodos alternativos vêm sendo utilizados para estimar a

medida de associação entre um desfecho dicotômico e um conjunto de preditores em

estudos com delineamento coorte ou transversal, independente da prevalência ou

incidência do desfecho

6,8,10

, tais como os modelos de regressão de Poisson e log-

binomial. A análise estratificada e a conversão de RC para RR propostas por Zhang &

Yu (1998) também são usadas

. Algumas publicações comparam esses métodos

através de simulações e exemplos empíricos, porém, nem todos os autores concordam

sobre qual é o método mais apropriado para estimar RP e RR. Embora atualmente os

modelos de regressão de Poisson e log-binomial estejam facilmente disponíveis em

software estatístico, tais como SPSS, R, SAS, entre outros, ainda há publicações que

estimam a RC através da regressão logística, interpretando-a como RP ou RR.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi observar a frequência com que os métodos de

estimação da RP e RR vêm sendo utilizados em publicações de revistas

epidemiológicas e clínicas publicadas nos anos de 2007 e 2008, além de observar as

publicações em que o modelo logístico está sendo utilizado, considerando o

delineamento, a proporção do desfecho e a interpretação da medida de associação.

A análise estratificada de Mantel-Haenszel estima uma medida de associação

entre uma exposição e um desfecho considerando possíveis variáveis de confusão,

onde todas as variáveis devem ser categóricas

. O procedimento permite resumir em

uma única medida de associação, informações de diferentes tabelas de contingência.

Estas tabelas são definidas a partir da variável de confusão, onde cada categoria desta

variável forma um subgrupo que associa o fator de exposição com o desfecho do

estudo. Se o comportamento entre os subgrupos é homogêneo, os dados das

diferentes tabelas podem ser combinados usando o procedimento estatístico de

Mantel-Haenszel. O procedimento consiste em, inicialmente, obter a RP ou RR de cada

subgrupo, e após, realizar um teste de homogeneidade para todas as medidas de

associação

. Se a suposição de homogeneidade for aceita, pode-se então estimar a

RP ou RR sumária, ponderada, que considera todos os estratos.

Zhang & Yu (1998) propuseram uma fórmula de conversão da estimativa de

razão de chances, obtidas pela regressão logística, para estimar RR ou RP para

desfechos dicotômicos comuns. A conversão de RC em RR considera, além da RC

obtida pela regressão logística, a incidência do desfecho no grupo de indivíduos não

expostos. Em estudos de prevalências, a aplicação dessa correção estima a RP. A

mesma fórmula pode ser aplicada para obter o limite inferior e superior do intervalo de

confiança 16. Porém, esta conversão não produz estimativas confiáveis. Além disso,

em casos em que há uma variável de confusão, pode não ser correto usar esta

conversão para estimar o Risco Relativo ajustado a partir de uma estimativa de Razão

de Chances ajustada, uma vez que isso produziria estimativas enviesadas. Isso ocorre

porque não há uma relação entre a incidência do desfecho e a exposição para cada

variável confundidora

A regressão de Poisson permite estimar diretamente as medidas de RR e RP

pelos coeficientes de regressão do modelo

18,19

. O erro aleatório deste modelo possui

distribuição de Poisson. Se não houver termos de interação no modelo, a estimativa de

RR ou RP é obtida pela exponencial dos coeficientes de regressão e cada uma das

medidas de associação estimadas são ajustadas pelas outras variáveis de associação.

Porém, se o desfecho for comum (>10%), a regressão de Poisson produz um intervalo

de confiança para o RR menos preciso, como conseqüência dos erros do modelo

seguirem uma distribuição Poisson, o que superestima a variância do erro aleatório no

modelo com resposta dicotômica, cuja distribuição apropriada é a binomial. Entretanto,

a precisão do intervalo de confiança pode ser corrigida com o modelo de Poisson com

variância robusta, que utiliza um estimador robusto (estimador de Sanduíche) para as

variâncias dos coeficientes de regressão

19,20

. A regressão de Poisson com variância

robusta, ao ser aplicada à preditores categóricos, produz estimativas semelhantes ao

procedimento de Mantel-Haenszel

O modelo log-binomial estima diretamente o risco relativo ou a razão de prevalência e o

erro do modelo segue uma distribuição binomial

9,10,18

. Uma restrição do modelo é que

a soma dos coeficientes de regressão tem que ser inferior a zero, de modo a assegurar

que as estimativas das proporções estejam entre 0 e 1

10,21

. A estimativa do RR é não

viciada, mas o intervalo de confiança pode ser enviesado, produzindo um intervalo

mais estreito que o verdadeiro

. Adicionalmente, problemas de convergência podem

ocorrer quando o desfecho do evento for alto ou as co-variáveis forem contínuas ou

politômicas

6,10,18,22,23

Recentemente, algumas publicações compararam, através de estudos de

simulação, métodos que estimam as medidas de associação RP e RR quando o

desfecho é binário. McNutt et al. (2003) relatam que a conversão proposta por Zhang &

Yu obteve as piores estimativas dentre os métodos testados. O modelo que obteve os

melhores resultados foi o log-binomial, com a estimativa pontual muito próxima do valor

verdadeiro e o intervalo de confiança preciso. A regressão de Poisson mostrou uma

estimativa pontual muito próxima da verdadeira, porém produziu um intervalo de

confiança impreciso em relação ao modelo log-binomial e as análises estratificadas

As técnicas estratificadas apresentaram uma estimativa pontual relativamente próxima

ao RR verdadeiro e um intervalo de confiança confiável, quando comparado com a

regressão log-binomial. Em termos de intervalo de confiança, a regressão log-binomial

obteve alguns resultados mais estreitos em relação ao intervalo de confiança da

análise estratificada, mas considerados satisfatórios. Uma limitação importante do

modelo log-binomial é o fato de que freqüentemente não há convergência no processo

iterativo de estimação.

Zou (2004) comparou o procedimento de Mantel-Haenszel, o modelo de

Poisson, o modelo de Poisson com variância robusta e o modelo log-binomial. Os

resultados das simulações mostram que, independente da técnica utilizada, à medida

que o tamanho da amostra aumenta, a porcentagem de viés relativo diminui. A

regressão de Poisson modificada e a regressão log-binomial apresentaram resultados

similares e satisfatórios. O autor sugere, no entanto, a regressão de Poisson

modificada como técnica mais apropriada para estimar o RR. Isso se deve ao fato de

que a regressão de Poisson modificada produz estimativas muito próximas das

produzidas pela técnica de Mantel-Haenszel quando a covariável de interesse é

categórica e, ao contrário do modelo log-binomial, não tem dificuldade em convergir.

Schiaffino et al. (2003) mostram através de seus resultados que, quando a

prevalência do desfecho é rara, RC, RR e RP possuem estimativas e intervalos de

confiança praticamente idênticos. No entanto, quando o desfecho é comum, tanto as

estimativas como os intervalos de confiança tornam-se diferentes. A regressão logística

superestimou a verdadeira medida de associação, além de fornecer o intervalo de

confiança mais amplo, em relação às técnicas abordadas. A regressão log-binomial

apresentou uma estimativa pontual similar às estimativas dos modelos de Breslow-Cox

(regressão de Cox com tempo constante) e da fórmula de conversão de RC em RR,

porém com o menor intervalo de confiança.

Coutinho et al. (2008) comparam empiricamente métodos para desfechos de

baixa, média e alta prevalência. Para prevalência baixa, os resultados dos modelos de

Cox, Poisson e log-binomial se aproximaram da estimativa pontual obtida pela técnica

de Mantel-Haenszel, com intervalos de confiança mais estreitos, e a regressão logística

obteve uma estimativa pontual 13% maior, com intervalo de confiança mais amplo que

os outros modelos. Com relação à prevalência média, os modelos de Cox, Poisson e

log-binomial apresentaram estimativas pontuais e intervalares similares aos valores de

referência, enquanto a regressão logística apresentou, em relação aos outros modelos,

uma estimativa pontual quase 100% maior e intervalo de confiança mais amplo.

Quando a prevalência do desfecho foi alta e uma variável contínua foi incluída no

modelo ajustado, as estimativas pontuais e intervalares dos modelos de Poisson e Cox

foram semelhantes, enquanto a regressão log-binomial apresentou uma dificuldade de

convergência. A regressão logística produziu uma estimativa pontual muito maior que

as estimativas produzidas pelos outros modelos, com intervalos de confiança amplos.

Porém, este estudo teve a limitação de que as variáveis que foram associadas não

tinham uma forte relação, produzindo, assim, estimativas dos métodos comparados

muito próximas.

Métodos

A seleção de artigos foi realizada considerando um conjunto de revistas

importantes da área epidemiológica, contemplando publicações realizadas em 2007 e

em 2008. As revistas utilizadas estão indexadas na base de dados PubMed (Serviço de

pesquisa da National Library of Medicine (NLM)). Criou-se uma sintaxe para a busca de

artigos na PubMed considerando: operadores booleanos e limitadores, nomes de

revistas, ano e descritores, para que a seleção filtrasse somente os artigos de interesse

específico. A busca foi realizada no resumo e descritores dos artigos. Todos os

resumos estão em língua inglesa, independente da nacionalidade da revista e do

artigo.

A metodologia para busca utilizou-se somente de palavras em língua inglesa.

Todos os artigos estão associados a descritores. Quando buscamos artigos somente

pelo resumo e descritores (descrito na sintaxe por “Text Word”) limitamos a pesquisa,

pois um assunto específico pode não estar escrito no resumo e descritores. O “MeSH

terms” é uma ferramenta eficiente nessa busca, uma vez que possui a funcionalidade

de selecionar artigos classificados por certas categorias, assuntos. Cada categoria

identifica termos com grafia diferente, porém, de significado semelhante.

Quanto à seleção das revistas, buscou-se selecionar revistas importantes da

área médica, com as mais diversas classificações em relação ao Fator de Impacto e ao

Qualis, conforme descrito no Quadro 1.

Os critérios de seleção dos artigos foram:

1- palavras-chaves: prevalence, odds ratio, risk, logistic model, logistic regression.

2- revistas selecionadas: American Journal of Epidemiology, Journal of Clinical

Epidemiology, International Journal of Epidemiology, British Medical Journal, Lancet,

New England Journal of Medicine, Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, Revista de Saúde

Pública, Cadernos de Saúde Pública, Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological

Research.

3- ano de publicação: 2007 e 2008.

4- exclusão: publicação que seja de editorial, cartas, comentários e revisões. Na

sintaxe, houve a necessidade de excluir os artigos publicados em 2009, pois em

algumas situações, estes artigos foram selecionados.

A sintaxe utilizada para a seleção das publicações foi:

("prevalence"[MeSH Terms] OR prevalence[Text Word]) OR ("odds ratio"[MeSH Terms]

OR odds ratio[Text Word]) OR ("risk"[MeSH Terms] OR relative risk[Text Word]) OR

(("logistic models"[TIAB] NOT Medline[SB]) OR "logistic models"[MeSH Terms] OR

logistic regression[Text Word])AND ("Cad Saude Publica"[Journal] OR "Cien Saude

Colet"[Journal] OR "Rev Saude Publica"[Journal] OR "Braz J Med Biol Res"[Journal]

OR "Journal of clinical epidemiology"[Jour] OR "International journal of

epidemiology"[Jour] OR "BMJ"[Jour] OR "Lancet"[Jour] OR "The New England journal

of medicine"[Jour] OR "American journal of epidemiology"[Jour]) AND ("2007"[PDAT] :

"2008"[PDAT])NOT (Editorial[ptyp] OR Letter[ptyp] OR Comment[ptyp] OR

Review[ptyp]) NOT (“2009”[PDAT])

Para encontrar o número total de artigos publicados no respectivo ano, foi

realizada uma busca com sintaxe similar, considerando apenas os nomes das revistas

como descritores, e excluindo editoriais, cartas, comentários e revisões.

Na revisão dos artigos selecionados na base de dados PubMed, foram

registradas informações sobre o delineamento do estudo, a prevalência do desfecho

binário, métodos de análise e medida de associação estimada. Foram selecionados,

também, os estudos transversais e coorte que utilizaram a regressão logística para

estimar RC, porém a interpretaram como RP ou RR.

Resultados

De um total de 3469 artigos publicados em 2007 e 3834 artigos publicados em

2008, foram selecionados através da busca estratégica 830 (23,9%) e 876 (22,8%),

respectivamente; totalizando 1706 artigos (23,3%). Dentre os 830 artigos de 2007, 333

(40,1%) efetivamente utilizaram RR, RP ou RC para estimar a medida de associação; e

em 2008, esse total foi de 381 artigos (43,4%) (Quadro 2). A diferença entre o número

total de artigos selecionados pela busca e o número total de artigos que estimaram RR,

RP ou RC com desfecho binário ocorreu em função do critério de seleção abrangente

que acabou por selecionar artigos que utilizaram análises não relevantes para o

trabalho, como por exemplo, regressão linear, estudos com desfechos politômicos e

meta-análise, entre outras. Além disso, mesmo que o critério de seleção excluísse

editorial, cartas, comentários e revisões, alguns desses artigos foram eventualmente

selecionados.

Aproximadamente 97% dos estudos de caso-controle utilizaram regressão

logística para estimar a RC, conforme esperado. Considerando a busca estratégica dos

estudos de coorte e transversal, 188 (79,3%) artigos em 2007 e 210 (73,6%) em 2008

utilizaram a regressão logística e, destes, 150 (79,7%) e 145 (69,0%) artigos,

respectivamente, tinham a prevalência/incidência do desfecho maior que 10%. Em

2007, 20,8% (48) dos estudos de coorte e transversal utilizaram técnicas alternativas,

como, por exemplo, regressão de Poisson e log-binomial, para estimar a RP ou o RR, e

em 2008, este número foi similar, 25,9% (74).

O Quadro 3 apresenta os resultados do ano de 2007 separados por revista. Do

total dos artigos com delineamento transversal ou coorte, 63,2% utilizaram regressão

logística e possuíam o desfecho maior que 10%. Quanto aos artigos com delineamento

transversal ou coorte, a revista que apresentou a maior proporção de artigos com

desfecho maior que 10%, utilizando regressão logística nas análises, foi a New

England Journal of Medicine, com 70,4% (19).

O Quadro 4 apresenta os resultados referentes ao ano de 2008, separados por

periódico. Das 4 publicações da

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

com delineamento transversal ou coorte e desfecho maior que 10%, 3 utilizaram

regressão logística e somente uma utilizou regressão de Poisson. A revista Cadernos

de Saúde Pública foi o periódico com maior proporção de métodos alternativos que

estimam a RP e o RR, com 51% (27) dos artigos.

Os resultados referentes às interpretações realizadas para estudos de coorte e

transversal que utilizaram regressão logística, são apresentados no Quadro 5. Em

2007, 12,6% (19) dos artigos com desfecho maior que 10% interpretaram RC como RP

ou RR, e em 2008, o total foi de 10,3% (15). Já entre artigos com desfecho menor que

10%, esse número passou de 39,4% (15) em 2007 para 24,6% (16) em 2008.

Independentemente do desfecho, em 2007, 18,1% das publicações interpretaram RC

como RP ou RR; e em 2008, a proporção foi de 14,7%. De modo geral, as revistas

apresentaram um comportamento semelhante.

Discussão

Já está estabelecido na literatura epidemiológica que os modelos de regressão

de Poisson com variância robusta e a regressão log-binomial mostraram-se as

alternativas mais recomendadas para estimar o RR e RP em estudos de coorte e

transversal quando o desfecho é binário, embora esta última apresente certa

dificuldade de convergência nos casos em que há uma covariável contínua. Além de

produzirem estimativas pontuais exatas, seus intervalos de confiança apresentaram

resultados precisos, como apresentaram e comprovaram os estudos empíricos

abordados neste trabalho. Em ocasiões em que o desfecho é comum, os resultados

produzidos pela regressão logística pode gerar estimativas pouco distantes daquelas

obtidas através de outros métodos.

A partir da busca orientada estrategicamente, conforme o foco do presente

estudo, 398 das 522 publicações (76,2%) encontradas com delineamento transversal e

coorte, do período de 2007 a 2008, utilizaram o modelo de regressão logística para

estimar a medida de associação entre as variáveis de exposição e o desfecho binário.

A revisão efetuada no presente estudo apresentou, de modo global, uma

freqüência muito baixa para a utilização de técnicas alternativas à regressão logística

para estimar e interpretar a RP ou RR. Dessa forma, tais resultados expõem a

fragilidade e até mesmo certa desatenção quanto aos métodos aplicados nos trabalhos

em questão, cujas conclusões incidem em estimativas viciadas, inviabilizando,

portanto, a interpretação correta de tais estimativas.

Os resultados mostram uma pequena redução na proporção de artigos que

interpretam a RC como RR ou RP, em estudos transversais ou coorte de 2007 e 2008:

de 18,1% para 14,7%, respectivamente. Porém, estes resultados não devem ser

interpretados como um melhor entendimento por parte dos autores de 2007 para 2008,

pois o período avaliado é considerado relativamente pequeno.

Cabe destacar que, atualmente, a prática de utilizar os modelos mais adequados

para os tipos de delineamento específicos é uma constante, não havendo mais

quaisquer limitações para sua aplicação. Cada vez mais, os pacotes estatísticos vêm

incorporando essas técnicas, tornando-as muito mais acessíveis. Por essa facilidade,

pode-se dizer que não há mais justificativa para estimar e interpretar RR e RP através

da RC. Assim, independentemente do desfecho ser ou não raro, a premissa básica é a

de que o modelo utilizado deve ser o mais adequado, tais como regressão log-binomial

e Poisson, de modo a evitar vícios em estimativas pontuais, nas estimativas

intervalares e suas interpretações.

Há ainda periódicos importantes que publicam trabalhos de estudos transversais

ou coorte com desfecho dicotômico comum cujas análises foram realizadas por

regressão logística. Isso não incorreria em problema algum se os autores

interpretassem RC como RC; no entanto não há qualquer garantia de que os leitores

interpretem tal medida de maneira correta.

Nesse sentido, é de suma importância que os editores das revistas reflitam

sobre a necessidade de orientar os potenciais autores a analisar os dados com

métodos que permitam estimar a medida de associação pertinente ao tipo de

delineamento epidemiológico.

Cabe ressaltar que o presente estudo tem algumas limitações. As dez revistas

selecionadas neste trabalho representam apenas uma parcela dos periódicos

existentes da área médica. Portanto, os achados representam somente as revistas

selecionadas, não devendo ser expandido para o universo de periódicos. Ainda, os

artigos são analisados previamente antes de serem publicados. Isto indica que é

possível que os resultados representem um comportamento dos pesquisadores de um

ou dois anos anteriores. Possivelmente, os estudos recentes já estejam atualizados em

relação ao assunto.

Por fim, recomenda-se que a comunidade científica e os editores das revistas

estejam atentos ao divulgar estudos que estimem medidas de associação, a fim de

evitar possíveis estimativas e interpretação imprecisas por parte dos leitores.

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Quadro 1 – Classificação das revistas em relação ao Fator de Impacto (F.I.) e ao Qualis (Q)

Revistas Área de Avaliação H (scopus) F.I. (JCR) Qualis

American Journal of Epidemiology Ciências Biológicas I 13 5,285 A1

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research Ciências Biológicas I 5 1,150 A2

British Medical Journal Medicina II 17 9,723 A1

Cadernos de Saúde Pública Ciências Biológicas I 0 - B4

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva Ciências Biológicas I 2 - B1

International Journal of Epidemiology Ciências Biológicas III 10 5,151 A1

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology Medicina I 7 2,565 A1

Lancet Ciências Biológicas I 41 28,638 A1

New England Journal of Medicine Ciências Biológicas I 57 52,589 A1

Revista de Saúde Pública Ciências Biológicas II 2 - B4

Pesquisa realizada em 20 de setembro de 2008.

*Dados referentes ao ano de 2007.

Quadro 2 – Resultado da busca estratégica dos estudos com delineamentos coorte/transversal e caso-controle em

relação à prevalência/incidência (P/I) de 10% para os anos de 2007 e 2008.

Nº de artigos publicados

3469

Nº de artigos

selecionados

830

Nº de artigos

utilizados

333

Transversal/ Coorte

237

Caso-controle

Prevalência do

desfecho >10%

190

Prevalência do

desfecho ≤10%

Regressão

logística

150

Métodos

alternativos

Regressão

logística

Métodos

alternativos

Nº de artigos publicados

3834

Nº de artigos

selecionados

876

Nº de artigos

utilizados

381

Transversal/ Coorte

285

Caso-controle

Prevalência do

desfecho >10%

211

Prevalência do

desfecho ≤10%

Regressão

logística

145

Métodos

alternativos

Regressão

logística

Métodos

alternativos

2007

2008

Quadro 3 – Resultados da busca estratégica de artigos por revistas no ano de 2007.

Métodos

Revista

Nº total de

artigos por

revista

S/U/D*

Prev / Inc RL(%) RP(%) RPR(%) LB(%) ZY(%) MH(%)

> 10 31(70,4) 3(6,8)

1(2,3)

American Journal of

Epidemiology

315

242/101/44

≤ 10 8(18,2) 1(2,3)

> 10 3(60,0)

2(40,0)

Brazilian Journal of

Medical and Biological

182

31/10/5

≤ 10

> 10 12(54,5) 3(13,6)

1(4,5)

British Medical Journal 948

78/25/22

≤ 10 6(27,3)

> 10 25(53,2) 10(21,3)

2(4,2)

1(2,1)

Cadernos de Saúde

Pública

313

116/52/47

≤ 10 6(12,7) 2(4,2)

> 10 2(100,0)

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 140

10/2/2

≤ 10

> 10 12(66,6)

1(5,5)

International Journal of

Epidemiology

141

58/22/18

≤ 10 5(27,7)

> 10 20(80,0)

Journal of Clinical

Epidemiology

136

56/29/25

≤ 10 4(16,0) 1(4,0)

> 10 12(63,1) 1(5,2)

Lancet 584

87/22/19

≤ 10 5(26,3)

1(5,2)

> 10 19(70,4) 2(7,4)

1(3,7)

New England Journal of

Medicine

541

99/38/27

≤ 10 1(3,7) 2(7,4)

1(3,7)

> 10 14(50,0) 8(28,6)

2(7,1)

Revista de Saúde Pública 169

53/32/28

≤ 10 3(10,7)

1(3,6)

> 10 150(63,2) 27(11,4)

6(2,5)

2(0,8)

1(0,4)

4 (1,6)

Total 3469

830/333/237

≤ 10 38(16,0) 6(2,5)

2(0,8)

S/U/D: número de artigos selecionados pela busca/ número de artigos utilizados/ número de artigos com delineamento transversal ou coorte.

Quadro 4 – Resultados da busca estratégica de artigos por revistas no ano de 2008.

Métodos

Revista

Nº total de

artigos por

revista

S/U/D

Prev / Inc RL(%) RP(%) RPR(%)

LB(%)

ZY(%) MH(%)

> 10

32(55,2) 5(8,6)

3(5,1)

American Journal of

Epidemiology

304

229/118/58

≤ 10

16(27,6) 1(1,7)

1(1,7)

> 10

3(75,0) 1(25,0)

Brazilian Journal of

Medical and Biological

166

17/4/4

≤ 10

> 10

16(48,5) 5(15,1)

1(3,0)

British Medical Journal 1190

115/36/33

≤ 10

7(21,2) 1(3,0)

> 10

18(33,9) 15(28,3)

9(17,0)

1(1,8)

Cadernos de Saúde

Pública

330

129/57/53

≤ 10

8(15,1) 2(3,7)

> 10

2(66,6)

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 169

20/3/3

≤ 10

1(33,3)

> 10

11(50,0) 1(4,5)

2(9,0)

1(4,5)

International Journal of

Epidemiology

159

78/30/22

≤ 10

6(27,2) 1(4,5)

> 10

10(58,8)

1(5,9)

Journal of Clinical

Epidemiology

139

34/18/17

≤ 10

6(35,3)

> 10

14(51,8) 2(7,4)

1(3,7)

Lancet 686

95/30/27

≤ 10

8(29,6) 1(3,7)

> 10

17(58,6)

1(3,4)

New England Journal of

Medicine

531

89/41/29

≤ 10

9(31,0)

> 10

22(55,0) 11(27,5)

1(2,5)

Revista de Saúde Pública 176

70/44/40

≤ 10

4(10,0) 2(5,0)

> 10

145(50,8) 40(14,0)

14(4,9)

9(3,1)

2(0,7)

1(0,4)

Total 3840

876/381/285

≤ 10

65(22,8) 8(2,8)

S/U/D: número de artigos selecionados pela busca/ número de artigos utilizados/ número de artigos com delineamento transversal ou coorte.

Quadro 5- Resultados dos estudos que utilizaram regressão logística

em estudos com delineamento de coorte ou transversal (N) e

interpretaram RC como risco relativo ou razão de prevalência (n).

Revistas

Proporção

Desfecho

Ano de

2007

n/N(%)

Ano de

2008

n/N(%)

> 10 1/31(3,2)

2/32(6,2)

American Journal of Epidemiology

≤ 10 2/8(25,0)

3/16(18,7)

> 10 1/3(33,3)

0/3(0,0)

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological

≤ 10 -

> 10 0/12(0,0)

2/16(12,5)

British Medical Journal

≤ 10 4/6(66,6)

5/7(71,5)

> 10 4/25(16,0)

2/18(11,1)

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

≤ 10 1/6(16,6)

0/8(0,0)

> 10 0/2(0,0)

0/2(0,0)

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

≤ 10 -

0/1(0,0)

> 10 3/12(25,0)

2/11(18,2)

International Journal of Epidemiology

≤ 10 2/5(40,0)

1/6(16,6)

> 10 2/20(10,0)

2/10(33,3)

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

≤ 10 2/4(50,0)

2/6(33,3)

> 10 2/12(16,6)

2/14(14,3)

Lancet

≤ 10 3/5(60,0)

2/8(25,0)

> 10 3/19(15,8)

3/17(17,6)

New England Journal of Medicine

≤ 10 0/1(0,0)

1/9(11,1)

> 10 3/14(21,4)

0/22(0,0)

Revista de Saúde Pública

≤ 10 1/3(33,3)

2/4(50,0)

> 10 19/150(12,6)

15/145(10,3)

Total

≤ 10 15/38(39,4)

16/65(24,6)

Total geral 34/188(18,1)

31/210(14,7)

7. CONCLUSÕES E CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS

O modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta mostra-se

boa alternativa à regressão logística, visto que, estima diretamente a RP e o

RR. A regressão log-binomial é um modelo que apresenta estimativas

seguras, tanto por suas medidas pontuais como por seus intervalos de

confiança, com a única consideração, de apresentar a dificuldade para

convergir, uma vez da existência de uma covariável contínua.

Os resultados obtidos a partir da análise realizada sobre a seleção

dos artigos indicam que a regressão logística tem sido aplicada, com

freqüência, de maneira equivocada, situação essa, verificada nos diversos

estudos em questão. Dessa forma, há de se ter uma especial atenção

quanto aos métodos escolhidos e priorizados para estas pesquisas, sob o

risco de uso indevido de determinado método e consequentemente,

resultados submetidos a um viés que leva a estimação de medidas pouco

adequadas, mais de acordo com interesses específicos dos estudos.

Ainda, verificou-se que revistas de renome ainda publicam artigos que

interpretam de maneira equivocada as medidas de associação RR e RP,

passando pela análise dos revisores dos periódicos.

Quanto às restrições, tanto matemáticas quando computacionais,

para realizar uma regressão de Poisson ou log-binomial, por exemplo, pode-

se afirmar que ficaram restritas ao passado, num período em que o uso

desses modelos exigia do pesquisador o conhecimento específico dessas

técnicas. A maioria dos pacotes estatísticos já tem incorporados métodos

que estima diretamente a RP e RR. Orienta-se o uso destes métodos,

mesmo nos casos em que a prevalência/ incidência do desfecho não seja

considerada comum.

O presente estudo tem algumas limitações. As dez revistas

selecionadas neste trabalho representam apenas uma parcela dos

periódicos existentes da área médica. Portanto, os achados representam

somente as revistas selecionadas, não devendo ser expandido para o

universo de periódicos. Ainda, os artigos são analisados previamente antes

de serem publicados. Isto indica que é possível que os resultados

representem um comportamento dos pesquisadores de um ou dois anos

anteriores. Possivelmente, os estudos recentes já estejam atualizados em

relação ao assunto.

Por fim, recomenda-se que a comunidade científica e os editores das

revistas estejam atentos ao divulgar estudos que estimem medidas de

associação, a fim de evitar possíveis estimativas e interpretação imprecisas

por parte dos leitores.

8. ANEXOS

Anexo 1. Sintaxe da seleção de artigos

Anexo 2. Relação de artigos selecionados pela busca estratégica

Anexo 3. Relação de artigos utilizados

Anexo 4. Projeto de Pesquisa

ANEXO 1 – SINTAXE DA SELEÇÃO DE ARTIGOS

("prevalence"[MeSH Terms] OR prevalence[Text Word]) OR ("odds

ratio"[MeSH Terms] OR odds ratio[Text Word]) OR ("risk"[MeSH Terms] OR

relative risk[Text Word]) OR (("logistic models"[TIAB] NOT Medline[SB]) OR

"logistic models"[MeSH Terms] OR logistic regression[Text Word])AND ("Cad

Saude Publica"[Journal] OR "Cien Saude Colet"[Journal] OR "Rev Saude

Publica"[Journal] OR "Braz J Med Biol Res"[Journal] OR "Journal of clinical

epidemiology"[Jour] OR "International journal of epidemiology"[Jour] OR

"BMJ"[Jour] OR "Lancet"[Jour] OR "The New England journal of

medicine"[Jour] OR "American journal of epidemiology"[Jour]) AND

("2007"[PDAT] : "2008"[PDAT])NOT (Editorial[ptyp] OR Letter[ptyp] OR

Comment[ptyp] OR Review[ptyp]) NOT (“2009”[PDAT])

ANEXO 2 – RELAÇÃO DE ARTIGOS SELECIONADOS PELA

BUSCA ESTRATÉGICA

American Journal of Epidemiology – Ano: 2007

Nº Vol/Pg Autores Título

1 166(11):1337-44 Cheung YB. A modified least-squares regression approach to

the estimation of risk difference.

2 166(11):1270-9 Park Y, Mitrou PN, Kipnis V, Hollenbeck

A, Schatzkin A, Leitzmann MF.

Calcium, dairy foods, and risk of incident and

fatal prostate cancer: the NIH-AARP Diet and

Health Study.

3 166(12):1359-64 Romundstad PR, Davey Smith G, Nilsen

TI, Vatten LJ.

Associations of prepregnancy cardiovascular risk

factors with the offspring's birth weight.

4 166(11):1288-97 Kifley A, Liew G, Wang JJ, Kaushik S,

Smith W, Wong TY, Mitchell P.

Long-term effects of smoking on retinal

microvascular caliber.

5 166(12):1409-19 John EM, Schwartz GG, Koo J, Wang

W, Ingles SA.

Sun exposure, vitamin D receptor gene

polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk in a

multiethnic population.

6 166(11):1259-69 Park SY, Murphy SP, Wilkens LR, Stram

DO, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN.

Calcium, vitamin D, and dairy product intake and

prostate cancer risk: the Multiethnic Cohort

Study.

7 166(11):1312-9 Catov JM, Bodnar LM, Ness RB, Barron

SJ, Roberts JM.

Inflammation and dyslipidemia related to risk of

spontaneous preterm birth.

8 166(12):1374-80 Franco M, Orduñez P, Caballero B,

Tapia Granados JA, Lazo M, Bernal JL,

Guallar E, Cooper RS.

Impact of energy intake, physical activity, and

population-wide weight loss on cardiovascular

disease and diabetes mortality in Cuba, 1980-

2005.

9 166(10):1174-85 Chan JM, Wang F, Holly EA. Whole grains and risk of pancreatic cancer in a

large population-based case-control study in the

San Francisco Bay Area, California.

10 166(12):1461-7 Leu M, Czene K, Reilly M. The impact of truncation and missing family links

in population-based registers on familial risk

estimates.

11 166(12):1446-50 Gao X, Chen H, Schwarzschild MA,

Glasser DB, Logroscino G, Rimm EB,

Ascherio A.

Erectile function and risk of Parkinson's disease.

12 166(10):1126-33 Pesonen AK, Räikkönen K, Heinonen K,

Kajantie E, Forsén T, Eriksson JG.

Depressive symptoms in adults separated from

their parents as children: a natural experiment

during World War II.

13 166(9):985-93 Petersen ML, Deeks SG, Martin JN, van

der Laan MJ.

History-adjusted marginal structural models for

estimating time-varying effect modification.

14 166(11):1298-305 Stevens J, Murray DM, Baggett CD,

Elder JP, Lohman TG, Lytle LA, Pate

RR, Pratt CA, Treuth MS, Webber LS,

Young DR.

Objectively assessed associations between

physical activity and body composition in middle-

school girls: the Trial of Activity for Adolescent

Girls.

15 166(10):1140-9 Guignard R, Truong T, Rougier Y,

Baron-Dubourdieu D, Guénel P.

Alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, and

anthropometric characteristics as risk factors for

thyroid cancer: a countrywide case-control study

in New Caledonia.

16 166(12):1368-73 Al Mamun A, Lawlor DA, Cramb S,

O'Callaghan M, Williams G, Najman J.

Do childhood sleeping problems predict obesity

in young adulthood? Evidence from a prospective

birth cohort study.

17 166(5):506-10 Barrett-Connor E. Hormones and heart disease in women: the

timing hypothesis.

18 166(12):1392-9 Rebbeck TR, Troxel AB, Norman S,

Bunin G, DeMichele A, Schinnar R,

Berlin JA, Strom BL.

Pharmacogenetic modulation of combined

hormone replacement therapy by progesterone-

metabolism genotypes in postmenopausal breast

cancer risk.

19 166(12):1420-30 Xu WH, Dai Q, Xiang YB, Long JR,

Ruan ZX, Cheng JR, Zheng W, Shu XO.

Interaction of soy food and tea consumption with

CYP19A1 genetic polymorphisms in the

development of endometrial cancer.

20 166(10):1116-25 Geelen A, Schouten JM, Kamphuis C,

Stam BE, Burema J, Renkema JM,

Bakker EJ, van't Veer P, Kampman E.

Fish consumption, n-3 fatty acids, and colorectal

cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort

studies.

21 166(12):1400-8 Rajan P, Kelsey KT, Schwartz JD,

Bellinger DC, Weuve J, Sparrow D,

Spiro A 3rd, Smith TJ, Nie H, Hu H,

Wright RO.

Lead burden and psychiatric symptoms and the

modifying influence of the delta-aminolevulinic

acid dehydratase (ALAD) polymorphism: the VA

Normative Aging Study.

22 166(11):1252-8 Edwards CG, Schwartzbaum JA, Nise

G, Forssén UM, Ahlbom A, Lönn S,

Feychting M.

Occupational noise exposure and risk of acoustic

neuroma.

23 166(8):867-79 Fibrinogen Studies Collaboration,

Kaptoge S, White IR, Thompson SG,

Wood AM, Lewington S, Lowe GD,

Danesh J.

Associations of plasma fibrinogen levels with

established cardiovascular disease risk factors,

inflammatory markers, and other characteristics:

individual participant meta-analysis of 154,211

adults in 31 prospective studies: the fibrinogen

studies collaboration.

24 166(11):1306-11 Brunner Huber LR, Toth JL. Obesity and oral contraceptive failure: findings

from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth.

25 166(12):1438-45 Varraso R, Jiang R, Barr RG, Willett

WC, Camargo CA Jr.

Prospective study of cured meats consumption

and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

in men.

26 166(10):1159-73 Guha N, Boffetta P, Wünsch Filho V,

Eluf Neto J, Shangina O, Zaridze D,

Curado MP, Koifman S, Matos E,

Menezes A, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N,

Fernandez L, Mates D, Daudt AW,

Lissowska J, Dikshit R, Brennan P.

Oral health and risk of squamous cell carcinoma

of the head and neck and esophagus: results of

two multicentric case-control studies.

27 166(11):1280-7 Abbott RD, Ueshima H, Rodriguez BL,

Kadowaki T, Masaki KH, Willcox BJ,

Sekikawa A, Kuller LH, Edmundowicz D,

Shin C, Kashiwagi A, Nakamura Y, El-

Saed A, Okamura T, White R, Curb JD.

Coronary artery calcification in Japanese men in

Japan and Hawaii.

28 166(11):1345-54 Smith B, Smith TC, Gray GC, Ryan MA;

Millennium Cohort Study Team.

When epidemiology meets the Internet: Web-

based surveys in the Millennium Cohort Study.

29 166(9):1023-34 Bonner MR, Coble J, Blair A, Beane

Freeman LE, Hoppin JA, Sandler DP,

Alavanja MC.

Malathion exposure and the incidence of cancer

in the agricultural health study.

30 166(9):1059-67 Moody-Ayers S, Lindquist K, Sen S,

Covinsky KE.

Childhood social and economic well-being and

health in older age.

31 166(11):1320-6 Williamson A. Predictors of psychostimulant use by long-

distance truck drivers.

32 166(11):1327-36 Roddam AW, Neale R, Appleby P, Allen

NE, Tipper S, Key TJ.

Association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin

D levels and fracture risk: the EPIC-Oxford study.

33 166(10):1191-7 Trone DW, Kritz-Silverstein D, von

Mühlen DG, Wingard DL, Barrett-Connor

Is radiographic vertebral fracture a risk factor for

mortality?

34 166(10):1186-90 Logroscino G, Sesso HD, Paffenbarger

RS Jr, Lee IM.

Body mass index and risk of Parkinson's disease:

a prospective cohort study.

35 166(10):1150-8 Gill JK, Maskarinec G, Wilkens LR, Pike

MC, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN.

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and breast

cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort.

36 166(9):1068-79 Borrell LN, Jacobs DR Jr, Williams DR,

Pletcher MJ, Houston TK, Kiefe CI.

Self-reported racial discrimination and substance

use in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in

Adults Study.

37 166(12):1451-60 Vercambre MN, Fournier A, Boutron-

Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F, Ringa V,

Berr C.

Differential dietary nutrient intake according to

hormone replacement therapy use: an

underestimated confounding factor in

epidemiologic studies?

38 166(9):1053-8 Lam LT, Yang L. Short duration of sleep and unintentional injuries

among adolescents in China.

39 166(9):1080-7 Watt JP, O'Brien KL, Benin AL, McCoy

SI, Donaldson CM, Reid R, Schuchat A,

Zell ER, Hochman M, Santosham M,

Whitney CG.

Risk factors for invasive pneumococcal disease

among Navajo adults.

40 166(8):902-11 McCullough ML, Bandera EV, Patel R,

Patel AV, Gansler T, Kushi LH, Thun

MJ, Calle EE.

A prospective study of fruits, vegetables, and risk

of endometrial cancer.

41 166(9):1088-95 Bates SJ, Trostle J, Cevallos WT,

Hubbard A, Eisenberg JN.

Relating diarrheal disease to social networks and

the geographic configuration of communities in

rural Ecuador.

42 166(9):1035-44 Hahn KM, Bondy ML, Selvan M, Lund

MJ, Liff JM, Flagg EW, Brinton LA,

Porter P, Eley JW, Coates RJ.

Factors associated with advanced disease stage

at diagnosis in a population-based study of

patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer.

43 166(8):924-31 Nöthlings U, Murphy SP, Wilkens LR,

Henderson BE, Kolonel LN.

Flavonols and pancreatic cancer risk: the

multiethnic cohort study.

44 166(9):1005-14 Rousseau MC, Parent ME, Nadon L,

Latreille B, Siemiatycki J.

Occupational exposure to lead compounds and

risk of cancer among men: a population-based

case-control study.

45 166(9):1045-52 Ritz B, Wilhelm M, Hoggatt KJ, Ghosh

JK.

Ambient air pollution and preterm birth in the

environment and pregnancy outcomes study at

the University of California, Los Angeles.

46 166(8):975-82 Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF,

Gail MH.

Impact of smoking and preexisting illness on

estimates of the fractions of deaths associated

with underweight, overweight, and obesity in the

US population.

47 166(8):912-23 Cust AE, Slimani N, Kaaks R, van Bakel

M, Biessy C, Ferrari P, Laville M,

Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K,

Lajous M, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-

Ruault MC, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S,

Nöthlings U, Boeing H, Palli D, Sieri S,

Panico S, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Skeie

G, Engeset D, Gram IT, Quirós JR,

Jakszyn P, Sánchez MJ, Larrañaga N,

Navarro C, Ardanaz E, Wirfält E,

Berglund G, Lundin E, Hallmans G,

Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Du H, Peeters

PH, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Allen NE,

Key TJ, Jenab M, Riboli E.

Dietary carbohydrates, glycemic index, glycemic

load, and endometrial cancer risk within the

European Prospective Investigation into Cancer

and Nutrition cohort.

48 166(7):832-40 Ferrari P, Friedenreich C, Matthews CE. The role of measurement error in estimating

levels of physical activity.

49 166(9):1015-22 Richardson DB, Wing S. Leukemia mortality among workers at the

Savannah River Site.

50 166(6):709-16 Kirsh VA, Kreiger N, Cotterchio M, Sloan

M, Theis B.

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and

breast cancer risk: subgroup findings.

51 166(8):894-901 Tworoger SS, Fairfield KM, Colditz GA,

Rosner BA, Hankinson SE.

Association of oral contraceptive use, other

contraceptive methods, and infertility with ovarian

cancer risk.

52 166(8):932-40 Setiawan VW, Stram DO, Nomura AM,

Kolonel LN, Henderson BE.

Risk factors for renal cell cancer: the multiethnic

cohort.

53 166(8):951-65 Croteau A, Marcoux S, Brisson C. Work activity in pregnancy, preventive measures,

and the risk of preterm delivery.

54 166(8):941-50 Wigertz A, Lönn S, Schwartzbaum J,

Hall P, Auvinen A, Christensen HC,

Johansen C, Klaeboe L, Salminen T,

Schoemaker MJ, Swerdlow AJ, Tynes T,

Feychting M.

Allergic conditions and brain tumor risk.

55 166(7):824-31 Marschner IC, Simes RJ, Keech A. Biases in the identification of risk factor

thresholds and J-curves.

56 166(7):841-51 Bootsma MC, Bonten MJ, Nijssen S,

Fluit AC, Diekmann O.

An algorithm to estimate the importance of

bacterial acquisition routes in hospital settings.

57 166(7):760-4 Kivimäki M, Lawlor DA, Smith GD,

Eklund C, Hurme M, Lehtimäki T, Viikari

JS, Raitakari OT.

Variants in the CRP gene as a measure of

lifelong differences in average C-reactive protein

levels: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns

Study, 1980-2001.

58 166(7):810-6 Chen H, Richard M, Sandler DP,

Umbach DM, Kamel F.

Head injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

59 166(8):966-74

Melchior M, Moffitt TE, Milne BJ, Poulton

R, Caspi A.

Why do children from socioeconomically

disadvantaged families suffer from poor health

when they reach adulthood? A life-course study.

60 166(6):687-96 Halldorsson TI, Meltzer HM, Thorsdottir

I, Knudsen V, Olsen SF.

Is high consumption of fatty fish during

pregnancy a risk factor for fetal growth

retardation? A study of 44,824 Danish pregnant

women.

61 166(6):662-71 France AM, Cave MD, Bates JH,

Foxman B, Chu T, Yang Z.

What's driving the decline in tuberculosis in

Arkansas? A molecular epidemiologic analysis of

tuberculosis trends in a rural, low-incidence

population, 1997 2003.

62 166(7):786-94 Holzman C, Lin X, Senagore P, Chung

Histologic chorioamnionitis and preterm delivery.

63 166(7):803-9 He J, Reynolds K, Chen J, Chen CS,

Wu X, Duan X, Reynolds R, Bazzano

LA, Whelton PK, Gu D.

Cigarette smoking and erectile dysfunction

among Chinese men without clinical vascular

disease.

64 166(6):646-55 Fewell Z, Davey Smith G, Sterne JA. The impact of residual and unmeasured

confounding in epidemiologic studies: a

simulation study.

65 166(5):552-60 Wu T, Willett WC, Rifai N, Rimm EB. Plasma fluorescent oxidation products as

potential markers of oxidative stress for

epidemiologic studies.

66 166(5):544-51 Wu T, Rifai N, Willett WC, Rimm EB. Plasma fluorescent oxidation products:

independent predictors of coronary heart disease

in men.

67 166(7):752-9 Luo J, Margolis KL, Adami HO, Lopez

AM, Lessin L, Ye W; Women's Health

Initiative Investigators.

Body size, weight cycling, and risk of renal cell

carcinoma among postmenopausal women: the

Women's Health Initiative (United States).

68 166(7):817-23 Kelly C, Arnold R, Galloway Y,

O'Hallahan J.

A prospective study of the effectiveness of the

New Zealand meningococcal B vaccine.

69 166(7):775-85 Romitti PA, Sun L, Honein MA, Reefhuis

J, Correa A, Rasmussen SA.

Maternal periconceptional alcohol consumption

and risk of orofacial clefts.

70 166(7):795-802 Yore MM, Fulton JE, Nelson DE, Kohl

HW 3rd.

Cigarette smoking status and the association

between media use and overweight and obesity.

71 166(5):518-26 Saydah S, Graubard B, Ballard-Barbash

R, Berrigan D.

Insulin-like growth factors and subsequent risk of

mortality in the United States.

72 166(5):576-81 Sacerdote C, Guarrera S, Smith GD,

Grioni S, Krogh V, Masala G, Mattiello

A, Palli D, Panico S, Tumino R, Veglia F,

Matullo G, Vineis P.

Lactase persistence and bitter taste response:

instrumental variables and mendelian

randomization in epidemiologic studies of dietary

factors and cancer risk.

73 166(6):697-708 Lim U, Morton LM, Subar AF, Baris D,

Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Leitzmann M,

Kipnis V, Mouw T, Carroll L, Schatzkin

A, Hartge P.

Alcohol, smoking, and body size in relation to

incident Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

risk.

74 166(7):765-74 Wise LA, Titus-Ernstoff L, Palmer JR,

Hoover RN, Hatch EE, Perez KM,

Strohsnitter WC, Kaufman R, Anderson

D, Troisi R.

Time to pregnancy and secondary sex ratio in

men exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol.

75 166(6):731-40 Maahs DM, Ogden LG, Snell-Bergeon

JK, Kinney GL, Wadwa RP, Hokanson

JE, Dabelea D, Kretowski A, Eckel RH,

Rewers M.

Determinants of serum adiponectin in persons

with and without type 1 diabetes.

76 166(6):724-30 Hirai FE, Moss SE, Knudtson MD, Klein

BE, Klein R.

Retinopathy and survival in a population without

diabetes: The Beaver Dam Eye Study.

77 166(6):717-23 Mensah FK, Willett EV, Simpson J,

Smith AG, Roman E.

Birth order and sibship size: evaluation of the role

of selection bias in a case-control study of non-

Hodgkin's lymphoma.

78 166(5):582-91 Dal Maso L, Zucchetto A, Tavani A,

Montella M, Ramazzotti V, Talamini R,

Canzonieri V, Garbeglio A, Negri E,

Tonini A, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S.

Renal cell cancer and body size at different ages:

an Italian multicenter case-control study.

79 166(5):561-7 Weisskopf MG, O'Reilly E, Chen H,

Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A.

Plasma urate and risk of Parkinson's disease.

80 166(5):534-43 Galea S, Blaney S, Nandi A, Silverman

R, Vlahov D, Foltin G, Kusick M, Tunik

M, Richmond N.

Explaining racial disparities in incidence of and

survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

81 166(4):465-71 Thoresen M. A note on correlated errors in exposure and

outcome in logistic regression.

82 166(4):421-8 Callaway LK, McIntyre HD, O'Callaghan

M, Williams GM, Najman JM, Lawlor DA.

The association of hypertensive disorders of

pregnancy with weight gain over the subsequent

21 years: findings from a prospective cohort

study.

83 166(5):527-33 Chen W, Srinivasan SR, Li S, Xu J,

Berenson GS.

Clustering of long-term trends in metabolic

syndrome variables from childhood to adulthood

in Blacks and Whites: the Bogalusa Heart Study.

84 166(4):367-78 Anstey KJ, von Sanden C, Salim A,

O'Kearney R.

Smoking as a risk factor for dementia and

cognitive decline: a meta-analysis of prospective

studies.

85 166(5):592-8 Hayatbakhsh MR, Alati R, Hutchinson

DM, Jamrozik K, Najman JM, Mamun

AA, O'callaghan M, Bor W.

Association of maternal smoking and alcohol

consumption with young adults' cannabis use: a

prospective study.

86 166(5):599-605 Ostir GV, Kuo YF, Berges IM, Markides

KS, Ottenbacher KJ.

Measures of lower body function and risk of

mortality over 7 years of follow-up.

87 166(5):571-5 Meeker JD, Missmer SA, Vitonis AF,

Cramer DW, Hauser R.

Risk of spontaneous abortion in women with

childhood exposure to parental cigarette smoke.

88 166(3):270-9 Ha M, Im H, Lee M, Kim HJ, Kim BC,

Gimm YM, Pack JK.

Radio-frequency radiation exposure from AM

radio transmitters and childhood leukemia and

brain cancer.

89 166(4):447-55 Weinberg CR, Shore DL, Umbach DM,

Sandler DP.

Using risk-based sampling to enrich cohorts for

endpoints, genes, and exposures.

90 166(3):289-95 Ananth CV, Cnattingius S. Influence of maternal smoking on placental

abruption in successive pregnancies: a

population-based prospective cohort study in

Sweden.

91 166(4):479-89 Lubin JH, Alavanja MC, Caporaso N,

Brown LM, Brownson RC, Field RW,

Garcia-Closas M, Hartge P, Hauptmann

M, Hayes RB, Kleinerman R, Kogevinas

M, Krewski D, Langholz B, Létourneau

EG, Lynch CF, Malats N, Sandler DP,

Schaffrath-Rosario A, Schoenberg JB,

Silverman DT, Wang Z, Wichmann HE,

Wilcox HB, Zielinski JM.

Cigarette smoking and cancer risk: modeling total

exposure and intensity.

92 166(4):456-64 Sellers TA, Vachon CM, Pankratz VS,

Janney CA, Fredericksen Z, Brandt KR,

Huang Y, Couch FJ, Kushi LH, Cerhan

JR.

Association of childhood and adolescent

anthropometric factors, physical activity, and diet

with adult mammographic breast density.

93 166(2):137-50 Kim JJ, Kuntz KM, Stout NK, Mahmud

S, Villa LL, Franco EL, Goldie SJ.

Multiparameter calibration of a natural history

model of cervical cancer.

94 166(3):313-22 Wu T, Hu Y, Chen C, Yang F, Li Z, Fang

Z, Wang L, Chen D.

Passive smoking, metabolic gene

polymorphisms, and infant birth weight in a

prospective cohort study of Chinese women.

95 166(4):413-20 Mzayek F, Hassig S, Sherwin R, Hughes

J, Chen W, Srinivasan S, Berenson G.

The association of birth weight with

developmental trends in blood pressure from

childhood through mid-adulthood: the Bogalusa

Heart study.

96 166(1):19-27 Marciante KD, Bis JC, Rieder MJ,

Reiner AP, Lumley T, Monks SA,

Kooperberg C, Carlson C, Heckbert SR,

Psaty BM.

Renin-angiotensin system haplotypes and the

risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in

pharmacologically treated hypertensive patients.

97 166(3):332-9 Månsson R, Joffe MM, Sun W,

Hennessy S.

On the estimation and use of propensity scores in

case-control and case-cohort studies.

98 166(3):348-54 Brookhart MA, Patrick AR, Dormuth C,

Avorn J, Shrank W, Cadarette SM,

Solomon DH.

Adherence to lipid-lowering therapy and the use

of preventive health services: an investigation of

the healthy user effect.

99 166(3):323-31 Whitcomb BW, Schisterman EF,

Klebanoff MA, Baumgarten M, Rhoton-

Vlasak A, Luo X, Chegini N.

Circulating chemokine levels and miscarriage.

100 166(2):196-203 Wang CS, Wang ST, Yao WJ, Chang

TT, Chou P.

Hepatitis C virus infection and the development

of type 2 diabetes in a community-based

longitudinal study.

101 166(3):296-303 Catov JM, Bodnar LM, Ness RB,

Markovic N, Roberts JM.

Association of periconceptional multivitamin use

and risk of preterm or small-for-gestational-age

births.

102 166(3):355-63 Pitzer VE, Leung GM, Lipsitch M. Estimating variability in the transmission of

severe acute respiratory syndrome to household

contacts in Hong Kong, China.

103 166(3):255-9 Carlsson S, Andersson T, Lichtenstein

P, Michaëlsson K, Ahlbom A.

Physical activity and mortality: is the association

explained by genetic selection?

104 166(2):181-95 Theodoratou E, McNeill G, Cetnarskyj R,

Farrington SM, Tenesa A, Barnetson R,

Porteous M, Dunlop M, Campbell H.

Dietary fatty acids and colorectal cancer: a case-

control study.

105 166(3):340-7 Wagenknecht LE, Langefeld CD,

Freedman BI, Carr JJ, Bowden DW.

A comparison of risk factors for calcified

atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary, carotid,

and abdominal aortic arteries: the diabetes heart

study.

106 166(2):170-80 Park Y, Subar AF, Kipnis V, Thompson

FE, Mouw T, Hollenbeck A, Leitzmann

MF, Schatzkin A.

Fruit and vegetable intakes and risk of colorectal

cancer in the NIH-AARP diet and health study.

107 166(3):263-9 Schüz J, Svendsen AL, Linet MS,

McBride ML, Roman E, Feychting M,

Kheifets L, Lightfoot T, Mezei G,

Simpson J, Ahlbom A.

Nighttime exposure to electromagnetic fields and

childhood leukemia: an extended pooled

analysis.

108 166(3):304-12 Ronnenberg AG, Venners SA, Xu X,

Chen C, Wang L, Guang W, Huang A,

Wang X.

Preconception B-vitamin and homocysteine

status, conception, and early pregnancy loss.

109 165(12):1343-50 Matthews CE, Jurj AL, Shu XO, Li HL,

Yang G, Li Q, Gao YT, Zheng W.

Influence of exercise, walking, cycling, and

overall nonexercise physical activity on mortality

in Chinese women.

110 166(1):5-13 Terry MB, Wei Y, Esserman D. Maternal, birth, and early-life influences on adult

body size in women.

111 166(6):634-45 Gamborg M, Byberg L, Rasmussen F,

Andersen PK, Baker JL, Bengtsson C,

Canoy D, Drøyvold W, Eriksson JG,

Forsén T, Gunnarsdottir I, Järvelin MR,

Koupil I, Lapidus L, Nilsen TI, Olsen SF,

Schack-Nielsen L, Thorsdottir I,

Tuomainen TP, Sørensen TI; NordNet

Study Group.

Birth weight and systolic blood pressure in

adolescence and adulthood: meta-regression

analysis of sex- and age-specific results from 20

Nordic studies.

112 166(1):62-70 Hsu CC, Chow WH, Boffetta P, Moore L,

Zaridze D, Moukeria A, Janout V,

Kollarova H, Bencko V, Navratilova M,

Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Mates D,

Brennan P.

Dietary risk factors for kidney cancer in Eastern

and Central Europe.

113 166(2):130-6 Hoffmeister M, Chang-Claude J,

Brenner H.

Validity of self-reported endoscopies of the large

bowel and implications for estimates of colorectal

cancer risk.

114 166(1):36-45 Adams KF, Leitzmann MF, Albanes D,

Kipnis V, Mouw T, Hollenbeck A,

Schatzkin A.

Body mass and colorectal cancer risk in the NIH-

AARP cohort.

115 166(1):28-35 Morrison AC, Bare LA, Chambless LE,

Ellis SG, Malloy M, Kane JP, Pankow

JS, Devlin JJ, Willerson JT, Boerwinkle

Prediction of coronary heart disease risk using a

genetic risk score: the Atherosclerosis Risk in

Communities Study.

116 166(2):151-9 Milne E, Laurvick CL, Blair E, Bower C,

de Klerk N.

Fetal growth and acute childhood leukemia:

looking beyond birth weight.

117 165(11):1231-8 Tyas SL, Salazar JC, Snowdon DA,

Desrosiers MF, Riley KP, Mendiondo

MS, Kryscio RJ.

Transitions to mild cognitive impairments,

dementia, and death: findings from the Nun

Study.

118 166(1):55-61 Ha M, Mabuchi K, Sigurdson AJ,

Freedman DM, Linet MS, Doody MM,

Hauptmann M.

Smoking cigarettes before first childbirth and risk

of breast cancer.

119 165(12):1424-33 Freedman ND, Abnet CC, Leitzmann

MF, Mouw T, Subar AF, Hollenbeck AR,

Schatzkin A.

A prospective study of tobacco, alcohol, and the

risk of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes.

120 165(12):1356-63 Slingerland AS, van Lenthe FJ, Jukema

JW, Kamphuis CB, Looman C, Giskes

K, Huisman M, Narayan KM,

Mackenbach JP, Brug J.

Aging, retirement, and changes in physical

activity: prospective cohort findings from the

GLOBE study.

121 165(12):1397-404 Engel SM, Berkowitz GS, Barr DB,

Teitelbaum SL, Siskind J, Meisel SJ,

Wetmur JG, Wolff MS.

Prenatal organophosphate metabolite and

organochlorine levels and performance on the

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment

Scale in a multiethnic pregnancy cohort.

122 165(12):1413-23 Sui X, LaMonte MJ, Blair SN. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a predictor of

nonfatal cardiovascular events in asymptomatic

women and men.

123 165(11):1321-7 Hugonnet S, Villaveces A, Pittet D. Nurse staffing level and nosocomial infections:

empirical evaluation of the case-crossover and

case-time-control designs.

124 165(11):1271-9 Littman AJ, White E, Kristal AR. Anthropometrics and prostate cancer risk.

125 165(10):1110-8 Stürmer T, Schneeweiss S, Rothman

KJ, Avorn J, Glynn RJ.

Performance of propensity score calibration--a

simulation study.

126 165(11):1305-13 Lin J, Rexrode KM, Hu F, Albert CM,

Chae CU, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ,

Manson JE.

Dietary intakes of flavonols and flavones and

coronary heart disease in US women.

127 165(12):1443-53 Goedert JJ, Chen BE, Preiss L, Aledort

LM, Rosenberg PS.

Reconstruction of the hepatitis C virus epidemic

in the US hemophilia population, 1940-1990.

128 165(10):1178-86 Oh K, Willett WC, Wu K, Fuchs CS,

Giovannucci EL.

Calcium and vitamin D intakes in relation to risk

of distal colorectal adenoma in women.

129 165(10):1154-61 Ruhl CE, Everhart JE. Risk factors for inguinal hernia among adults in

the US population.

130 165(11):1328-35 Splansky GL, et al. The Third Generation Cohort of the National

Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham

Heart Study: design, recruitment, and initial

examination.

131 165(12):1372-9 Ramlau-Hansen CH, Thulstrup AM,

Storgaard L, Toft G, Olsen J, Bonde JP.

Is prenatal exposure to tobacco smoking a cause

of poor semen quality? A follow-up study.

132 165(9):1070-5 Martikainen P, Mäki N, Jäntti M. The effects of unemployment on mortality

following workplace downsizing and workplace

closure: a register-based follow-up study of

Finnish men and women during economic boom

and recession.

133 165(11):1296-304 Williams JE, Couper DJ, Din-Dzietham

R, Nieto FJ, Folsom AR.

Race-gender differences in the association of

trait anger with subclinical carotid artery

atherosclerosis: the Atherosclerosis Risk in

Communities Study.

134 165(11):1287-95 Dailey AB, Kasl SV, Holford TR, Jones

BA.

Perceived racial discrimination and

nonadherence to screening mammography

guidelines: results from the race differences in

the screening mammography process study.

135 165(12):1389-96 Rahman A, Vahter M, Ekström EC,

Rahman M, Golam Mustafa AH, Wahed

MA, Yunus M, Persson LA.

Association of arsenic exposure during

pregnancy with fetal loss and infant death: a

cohort study in Bangladesh.

136 165(12):1380-8 Farr SL, Schieve LA, Jamieson DJ. Pregnancy loss among pregnancies conceived

through assisted reproductive technology, United

States, 1999-2002.

137 165(9):1076-87 Harris TB, Launer LJ, Eiriksdottir G,

Kjartansson O, Jonsson PV, Sigurdsson

G, Thorgeirsson G, Aspelund T, Garcia

ME, Cotch MF, Hoffman HJ, Gudnason

Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik

Study: multidisciplinary applied phenomics.

138 165(9):1039-46 Marugame T, Yamamoto S, Yoshimi I,

Sobue T, Inoue M, Tsugane S; Japan

Public Health Center-based Prospective

Study Group.

Patterns of alcohol drinking and all-cause

mortality: results from a large-scale population-

based cohort study in Japan.

139 165(10):1170-7 Rosso S, et al. Is 2,3,5-pyrroletricarboxylic acid in hair a better

risk indicator for melanoma than traditional

epidemiologic measures for skin phenotype?

140 165(10):1187-98 Shantakumar S, Terry MB, Paykin A,

Teitelbaum SL, Britton JA, Moorman

PG, Kritchevsky SB, Neugut AI,

Gammon MD.

Age and menopausal effects of hormonal birth

control and hormone replacement therapy in

relation to breast cancer risk.

141 165(11):1248-54 Infante-Rivard C, Vermunt JK, Weinberg

CR.

Excess transmission of the NAD(P)H:quinone

oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) C609T polymorphism

in families of children with acute lymphoblastic

leukemia.

142 165(8):858-67 Mujahid MS, Diez Roux AV, Morenoff

JD, Raghunathan T.

Assessing the measurement properties of

neighborhood scales: from psychometrics to

ecometrics.

143 165(9):1055-62 Lynch E, Liu K, Spring B, Hankinson A,

Wei GS, Greenland P.

Association of ethnicity and socioeconomic status

with judgments of body size: the Coronary Artery

Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)

Study.

144 165(11):1265-70 Kaae J, Andersen A, Boyd HA,

Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M.

Reproductive history and cutaneous malignant

melanoma: a comparison between women and

men.

145 165(11):1255-64 Zhang Y, Holford TR, Leaderer B, Boyle

P, Zhu Y, Wang R, Zou K, Zhang B,

Wise JP Sr, Qin Q, Kilfoy B, Han J,

Zheng T.

Ultraviolet radiation exposure and risk of non-

Hodgkin's lymphoma.

146 165(9):1031-8 Chartier MJ, Walker JR, Naimark B. Childhood abuse, adult health, and health care

utilization: results from a representative

community sample.

147 165(8):927-35 Loyo-Berríos NI, Irizarry R, Hennessey

JG, Tao XG, Matanoski G.

Air pollution sources and childhood asthma

attacks in Catano, Puerto Rico.

148 165(9):985-92 Saczynski JS, White L, Peila RL,

Rodriguez BL, Launer LJ.

The relation between apolipoprotein A-I and

dementia: the Honolulu-Asia aging study.

149 165(9):973-84 Ntzani EE, Rizos EC, Ioannidis JP. Genetic effects versus bias for candidate

polymorphisms in myocardial infarction: case

study and overview of large-scale evidence.

150 165(9):1047-54 Jehn ML, Guallar E, Clark JM, Couper

D, Duncan BB, Ballantyne CM,

Hoogeveen RC, Harris ZL, Pankow JS.

A prospective study of plasma ferritin level and

incident diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in

Communities (ARIC) Study.

151 165(9):1007-14 Terry MB, Perrin M, Salafia CM, Zhang

FF, Neugut AI, Teitelbaum SL, Britton J,

Gammon MD.

Preeclampsia, pregnancy-related hypertension,

and breast cancer risk.

152 165(7):762-75 Van de Velde N, Brisson M, Boily MC. Modeling human papillomavirus vaccine

effectiveness: quantifying the impact of

parameter uncertainty.

153 165(9):998-1006 Chen H, O'Reilly E, McCullough ML,

Rodriguez C, Schwarzschild MA, Calle

EE, Thun MJ, Ascherio A.

Consumption of dairy products and risk of

Parkinson's disease.

154 165(9):1015-22 Longnecker MP, Gladen BC, Cupul-

Uicab LA, Romano-Riquer SP, Weber

JP, Chapin RE, Hernández-Avila M.

In utero exposure to the antiandrogen 1,1-

dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) in

relation to anogenital distance in male newborns

from Chiapas, México.

155 165(8):946-54 Wiles NJ, Haase AM, Gallacher J,

Lawlor DA, Lewis G.

Physical activity and common mental disorder:

results from the Caerphilly study.

156 165(8):911-8 Vestergaard M, Pedersen CB, Sidenius

P, Olsen J, Christensen J.

The long-term risk of epilepsy after febrile

seizures in susceptible subgroups.

157 165(8):890-900 Truesdale KP, Stevens J, Cai J. Nine-year changes in cardiovascular disease risk

factors with weight maintenance in the

atherosclerosis risk in communities cohort.

158 165(7):821-7 Coker AL, Flerx VC, Smith PH, Whitaker

DJ, Fadden MK, Williams M.

Intimate partner violence incidence and

continuation in a primary care screening

program.

159 165(8):966-72 de Vries E, Soerjomataram I, Houterman

S, Louwman MW, Coebergh JW.

Decreased risk of prostate cancer after skin

cancer diagnosis: a protective role of ultraviolet

radiation?

160 165(9):1023-30 Tata LJ, Hubbard RB, McKeever TM,

Smith CJ, Doyle P, Smeeth L, West J,

Lewis SA.

Fertility rates in women with asthma, eczema,

and hay fever: a general population-based cohort

study.

161 165(6):617-24 Sekikawa A, Ueshima H, Kadowaki T,

El-Saed A, Okamura T, Takamiya T,

Kashiwagi A, Edmundowicz D, Murata

K, Sutton-Tyrrell K, Maegawa H, Evans

RW, Kita Y, Kuller LH.

Less subclinical atherosclerosis in Japanese men

in Japan than in White men in the United States

in the post-World War II birth cohort.

162 165(7):828-37 Brunner EJ, Chandola T, Marmot MG. Prospective effect of job strain on general and

central obesity in the Whitehall II Study.

163 165(7):814-20 Hashibe M, Boffetta P, Zaridze D,

Shangina O, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N,

Mates D, Fabiánová E, Rudnai P,

Brennan P.

Contribution of tobacco and alcohol to the high

rates of squamous cell carcinoma of the

supraglottis and glottis in Central Europe.

164 165(7):776-83 Abubakar I, Myhill DJ, Hart AR, Lake IR,

Harvey I, Rhodes JM, Robinson R, Lobo

AJ, Probert CS, Hunter PR.

A case-control study of drinking water and dairy

products in Crohn's Disease--further investigation

of the possible role of Mycobacterium avium

paratuberculosis.

165 165(5):570-4 Kytö V, Saraste A, Voipio-Pulkki LM,

Saukko P.

Incidence of fatal myocarditis: a population-based

study in Finland.

166 165(6):603-10 Hodge AM, English DR, O'Dea K, Giles

GG.

Dietary patterns and diabetes incidence in the

Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study.

167 165(6):684-95 Jenny NS, Yanez ND, Psaty BM, Kuller

LH, Hirsch CH, Tracy RP.

Inflammation biomarkers and near-term death in

older men.

168 165(7):838-45 Wong DR, Willett WC, Rimm EB. 168: Smoking, hypertension, alcohol

consumption, and risk of abdominal aortic

aneurysm in men.

169 165(7):794-801 Lin J, Zhang SM, Cook NR, Manson JE,

Buring JE, Lee IM.

169: Oral contraceptives, reproductive factors,

and risk of colorectal cancer among women in a

prospective cohort study.

170 165(7):784-93 Park SY, Murphy SP, Wilkens LR,

Nomura AM, Henderson BE, Kolonel

LN.

Calcium and vitamin D intake and risk of

colorectal cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

171 165(8):849-57 Harder T, Rodekamp E, Schellong K,

Dudenhausen JW, Plagemann A.

Birth weight and subsequent risk of type 2

diabetes: a meta-analysis.

172 165(7):802-13 Chang ET, et al. Diet and risk of ovarian cancer in the California

Teachers Study cohort.

173 165(6):652-9 Chiu BC, Dave BJ, Blair A, Gapstur SM,

Chmiel JS, Fought AJ, Zahm SH,

Weisenburger DD.

Cigarette smoking, familial hematopoietic cancer,

hair dye use, and risk of t(14;18)-defined

subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

174 165(6):704-9 Miller E, Andrews N, Stowe J, Grant A,

Waight P, Taylor B.

Risks of convulsion and aseptic meningitis

following measles-mumps-rubella vaccination in

the United Kingdom.

175 165(6):660-6 Alberg AJ, Kouzis A, Genkinger JM,

Gallicchio L, Burke AE, Hoffman SC,

Diener-West M, Helzlsouer KJ,

Comstock GW.

A prospective cohort study of bladder cancer risk

in relation to active cigarette smoking and

household exposure to secondhand cigarette

smoke.

176 165(6):667-76 Zhang SM, Lee IM, Manson JE, Cook

NR, Willett WC, Buring JE.

Alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk in

the Women's Health Study.

177 165(6):719-26 Karagas MR, Zens MS, Nelson HH,

Mabuchi K, Perry AE, Stukel TA, Mott

LA, Andrew AS, Applebaum KM, Linet

Measures of cumulative exposure from a

standardized sun exposure history questionnaire:

a comparison with histologic assessment of solar

skin damage.

178 165(6):677-83 Lan TY, Chang WC, Tsai YJ, Chuang

YL, Lin HS, Tai TY.

Areca nut chewing and mortality in an elderly

cohort study.

179 165(7):727-33 Morabia A, Guthold R. Wilhelm Weinberg's 1913 Large Retrospective

Cohort Study: a rediscovery.

180 165(6):696-703 Chan BK, Marshall LM, Winters KM,

Faulkner KA, Schwartz AV, Orwoll ES.

Incident fall risk and physical activity and physical

performance among older men: the Osteoporotic

Fractures in Men Study.

181 165(6):625-33 Peel JL, Metzger KB, Klein M, Flanders

WD, Mulholland JA, Tolbert PE.

Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular

emergency department visits in potentially

sensitive groups.

182 165(7):756-61 Hviid A, Melbye M. The impact of birth weight on infectious disease

hospitalization in childhood.

183 165(6):634-42 Ramanakumar AV, Parent ME,

Siemiatycki J.

Risk of lung cancer from residential heating and

cooking fuels in Montreal, Canada.

184 165(5):496-504 Roman E, Simpson J, Ansell P, Kinsey

S, Mitchell CD, McKinney PA, Birch JM,

Greaves M, Eden T; United Kingdom

Childhood Cancer Study Investigators.

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia and

infections in the first year of life: a report from the

United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study.

185 165(6):710-8 Vittinghoff E, McCulloch CE. Relaxing the rule of ten events per variable in

logistic and Cox regression.

186 165(5):477-85 Schoemaker MJ, Swerdlow AJ,

Hepworth SJ, van Tongeren M, Muir KR,

McKinney PA.

History of allergic disease and risk of

meningioma.

187 165(5):530-40 Hill SE, Blakely T, Kawachi I, Woodward

Mortality among lifelong nonsmokers exposed to

secondhand smoke at home: cohort data and

sensitivity analyses.

188 165(6):643-51 Teitelbaum SL, Gammon MD, Britton

JA, Neugut AI, Levin B, Stellman SD.

Reported residential pesticide use and breast

cancer risk on Long Island, New York.

189 165(5):541-52 Chen Y, Factor-Litvak P, Howe GR,

Graziano JH, Brandt-Rauf P, Parvez F,

van Geen A, Ahsan H.

Arsenic exposure from drinking water, dietary

intakes of B vitamins and folate, and risk of high

blood pressure in Bangladesh: a population-

based, cross-sectional study.

190 165(5):486-95 Urayama KY, Von Behren J, Reynolds

Birth characteristics and risk of neuroblastoma in

young children.

191 165(3):246-55 Männistö S, et al. Dietary carotenoids and risk of colorectal cancer

in a pooled analysis of 11 cohort studies.

192 165(4):410-7 Dorn T, Yzermans CJ, Guijt H, van der

Zee J.

Disaster-related stress as a prospective risk

factor for hypertension in parents of adolescent

fire victims.

193 165(5):514-23 Fink BN, Steck SE, Wolff MS, Britton JA,

Kabat GC, Schroeder JC, Teitelbaum

SL, Neugut AI, Gammon MD.

Dietary flavonoid intake and breast cancer risk

among women on Long Island.

194 165(4):418-24 Lawlor DA, Smith GD, O'Callaghan M,

Alati R, Mamun AA, Williams GM,

Najman JM.

Epidemiologic evidence for the fetal overnutrition

hypothesis: findings from the mater-university

study of pregnancy and its outcomes.

195 165(6):611-6 Menezes AM, Hallal PC, Horta BL,

Araújo CL, Vieira Mde F, Neutzling M,

Barros FC, Victora CG.

Size at birth and blood pressure in early

adolescence: a prospective birth cohort study.

196 165(5):591-6 Brown DL, Al-Senani F, Lisabeth LD,

Farnie MA, Colletti LA, Langa KM,

Fendrick AM, Garcia NM, Smith MA,

Morgenstern LB.

Defining cause of death in stroke patients: The

Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi

Project.

197 165(4):425-34 Werber D, Behnke SC, Fruth A, Merle R,

Menzler S, Glaser S, Kreienbrock L,

Prager R, Tschäpe H, Roggentin P,

Bockemühl J, Ammon A.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection in

Germany: different risk factors for different age

groups.

198 165(5):553-60 Karr C, Lumley T, Schreuder A, Davis R,

Larson T, Ritz B, Kaufman J.

Effects of subchronic and chronic exposure to

ambient air pollutants on infant bronchiolitis.

199 165(5):505-13 Lea CS, Holly EA, Hartge P, Lee JS,

Guerry D 4th, Elder DE, Halpern A,

Sagebiel RW, Tucker MA.

Reproductive risk factors for cutaneous

melanoma in women: a case-control study.

200 165(4):383-8 Goodwin RD, Chuang S, Simuro N,

Davies M, Pine DS.

Association between lung function and mental

health problems among adults in the United

States: findings from the First National Health

and Nutrition Examination Survey.

201 165(4):444-52 Howards PP, Hertz-Picciotto I, Poole C. Conditions for bias from differential left

truncation.

202 165(4):389-97 Auchincloss AH, Diez Roux AV, Brown

DG, O'Meara ES, Raghunathan TE.

Association of insulin resistance with distance to

wealthy areas: the multi-ethnic study of

atherosclerosis.

203 165(5):561-9 Ajdacic-Gross V, Lauber C, Sansossio

R, Bopp M, Eich D, Gostynski M,

Gutzwiller F, Rössler W.

Seasonal associations between weather

conditions and suicide--evidence against a

classic hypothesis.

204 165(5):575-82 Alati R, Lawlor DA, Mamun AA, Williams

GM, Najman JM, O'Callaghan M, Bor W.

Is there a fetal origin of depression? Evidence

from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy

and its outcomes.

205 165(4):435-43 Naess Ø, Nafstad P, Aamodt G,

Claussen B, Rosland P.

Relation between concentration of air pollution

and cause-specific mortality: four-year exposures

to nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter

pollutants in 470 neighborhoods in Oslo, Norway.

206 165(3):309-18 Waetjen LE, Liao S, Johnson WO,

Sampselle CM, Sternfield B, Harlow SD,

Gold EB.

Factors associated with prevalent and incident

urinary incontinence in a cohort of midlife women:

a longitudinal analysis of data: study of women's

health across the nation.

207 165(5):524-9 Zhang SM, Manson JE, Rexrode KM,

Cook NR, Buring JE, Lee IM.

Use of oral conjugated estrogen alone and risk of

breast cancer.

208 165(3):256-61 Larsson SC, Giovannucci E, Wolk A. Dietary carbohydrate, glycemic index, and

glycemic load in relation to risk of colorectal

cancer in women.

209 165(4):398-409 Boshuizen HC, Lanti M, Menotti A,

Moschandreas J, Tolonen H, Nissinen

A, Nedeljkovic S, Kafatos A, Kromhout

Effects of past and recent blood pressure and

cholesterol level on coronary heart disease and

stroke mortality, accounting for measurement

error.

210 165(4):464-72 Pencina MJ, D'Agostino RB, Beiser AS,

Cobain MR, Vasan RS.

Estimating lifetime risk of developing high serum

total cholesterol: adjustment for baseline

prevalence and single-occasion measurements.

211 165(4):364-74 Kamel F, Tanner C, Umbach D, Hoppin

J, Alavanja M, Blair A, Comyns K,

Goldman S, Korell M, Langston J, Ross

G, Sandler D.

Pesticide exposure and self-reported Parkinson's

disease in the agricultural health study.

212 165(4):355-63 McGlynn KA, Sakoda LC, Rubertone

MV, Sesterhenn IA, Lyu C, Graubard BI,

Erickson RL.

Body size, dairy consumption, puberty, and risk

of testicular germ cell tumors.

213 165(3):288-93 Rosner SA, Akesson A, Stampfer MJ,

Wolk A.

Coffee consumption and risk of myocardial

infarction among older Swedish women.

214 165(4):375-82 Shankar A, Mitchell P, Rochtchina E,

Tan J, Wang JJ.

Association between circulating white blood cell

count and long-term incidence of age-related

macular degeneration: the Blue Mountains Eye

Study.

215 165(2):222-30 Weiler L, Knight JA, Vieth R, Barnett H,

Wong A.

Comparison of self-reported lifetime sun

exposure with two methods of cutaneous

microtopography.

216 165(2):164-74 Laughlin GA, Barrett-Connor E, May S,

Langenberg C.

Association of adiponectin with coronary heart

disease and mortality: the Rancho Bernardo

study.

217 165(3):294-301 Terry PD, Abramson JL, Neaton JD;

MRFIT Research Group.

Blood pressure and risk of death from external

causes among men screened for the Multiple

Risk Factor Intervention Trial.

218 165(3):319-24 Nielsen NM, Rostgaard K, Hjalgrim H,

Askgaard D, Skinhøj P, Aaby P.

Psychiatric hospitalizations in a cohort of Danish

polio patients.

219 165(2):157-63 Baird DD, Dunson DB, Hill MC, Cousins

D, Schectman JM.

Association of physical activity with development

of uterine leiomyoma.

220 165(3):262-70 Setiawan VW, Pike MC, Kolonel LN,

Nomura AM, Goodman MT, Henderson

BE.

Racial/ethnic differences in endometrial cancer

risk: the multiethnic cohort study.

221 165(2):148-56 Villanueva CM, Cantor KP, Grimalt JO,

Malats N, Silverman D, Tardon A,

Garcia-Closas R, Serra C, Carrato A,

Castaño-Vinyals G, Marcos R, Rothman

N, Real FX, Dosemeci M, Kogevinas M.

Bladder cancer and exposure to water

disinfection by-products through ingestion,

bathing, showering, and swimming in pools.

222 165(1):63-71 Bluhm EC, Zahm SH, Fine HA, Black

PM, Loeffler JS, Shapiro WR, Selker

RG, Inskip PD.

Personal hair dye use and risks of glioma,

meningioma, and acoustic neuroma among

adults.

223 165(3):279-87 Lisabeth LD, Diez Roux AV, Escobar

JD, Smith MA, Morgenstern LB.

Neighborhood environment and risk of ischemic

stroke: the brain attack surveillance in Corpus

Christi (BASIC) Project.

224 165(2):184-93 Yang S, Lynch JW, Raghunathan TE,

Kauhanen J, Salonen JT, Kaplan GA.

Socioeconomic and psychosocial exposures

across the life course and binge drinking in

adulthood: population-based study.

225 165(3):302-8 Rudra CB, Sorensen TK, Leisenring

WM, Dashow E, Williams MA.

Weight characteristics and height in relation to

risk of gestational diabetes mellitus.

226 165(1):1-13 Gilbody S, Lewis S, Lightfoot T. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR)

genetic polymorphisms and psychiatric disorders:

a HuGE review.

227 165(1):36-43 Boffetta P, van der Hel O, Norppa H,

Fabianova E, Fucic A, Gundy S, Lazutka

J, Cebulska-Wasilewska A, Puskailerova

D, Znaor A, Kelecsenyi Z, Kurtinaitis J,

Rachtan J, Forni A, Vermeulen R,

Bonassi S.

Chromosomal aberrations and cancer risk:

results of a cohort study from Central Europe.

228 165(2):126-33 Mensah FK, Willett EV, Ansell P,

Adamson PJ, Roman E.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and family history of

hematologic malignancy.

229 165(2):175-83 Kroenke CH, Spiegelman D, Manson J,

Schernhammer ES, Colditz GA,

Kawachi I.

Work characteristics and incidence of type 2

diabetes in women.

230 165(2):138-47 Nöthlings U, Wilkens LR, Murphy SP,

Hankin JH, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN.

Vegetable intake and pancreatic cancer risk: the

multiethnic cohort study.

231 165(1):72-7 Hodgson S, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Elliott

P, Jarup L.

Kidney disease mortality and environmental

exposure to mercury.

232 165(2):194-202 Smith GC, Shah I, White IR, Pell JP,

Dobbie R.

Previous preeclampsia, preterm delivery, and

delivery of a small for gestational age infant and

the risk of unexplained stillbirth in the second

pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study,

Scotland, 1992-2001.

233 165(2):203-11 Mullany LC, Darmstadt GL, Katz J,

Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, Adhikari RK,

Tielsch JM.

Risk factors for umbilical cord infection among

newborns of southern Nepal.

234 165(1):53-62 Parent ME, Rousseau MC, Boffetta P,

Cohen A, Siemiatycki J.

Exposure to diesel and gasoline engine

emissions and the risk of lung cancer.

235 165(1):14-21 Fitzpatrick AL, Kronmal RA, Gardner JP,

Psaty BM, Jenny NS, Tracy RP, Walston

J, Kimura M, Aviv A.

Leukocyte telomere length and cardiovascular

disease in the cardiovascular health study.

236 165(1):78-84 Longstreth W Jr, Larsen EK, Klein R,

Wong TY, Sharrett AR, Lefkowitz D,

Manolio TA.

Associations between findings on cranial

magnetic resonance imaging and retinal

photography in the elderly: the Cardiovascular

Health Study.

237 165(1):85-93 Strand BH, Kunst A. Childhood socioeconomic position and cause-

specific mortality in early adulthood.

238 165(1):101-8 Jacobson P, Torgerson JS, Sjöström L,

Bouchard C.

Spouse resemblance in body mass index: effects

on adult obesity prevalence in the offspring

generation.

239 165(1):44-52 Engeland A, Tretli S, Hansen S, Bjørge

Height and body mass index and risk of

lymphohematopoietic malignancies in two million

Norwegian men and women.

240 165(1):27-35 Kwan ML, Metayer C, Crouse V, Buffler

PA.

Maternal illness and drug/medication use during

the period surrounding pregnancy and risk of

childhood leukemia among offspring.

241 165(2):134-7 Tedeschi R, Bloigu A, Ogmundsdottir

HM, Marus A, Dillner J, dePaoli P,

Gudnadottir M, Koskela P, Pukkala E,

Lehtinen T, Lehtinen M.

Activation of maternal Epstein-Barr virus infection

and risk of acute leukemia in the offspring.

242 165(1):22-6 Chaix B, Rosvall M, Merlo J. Recent increase of neighborhood socioeconomic

effects on ischemic heart disease mortality: a

multilevel survival analysis of two large Swedish

cohorts.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological – Ano: 2007

Nº Vol/Pg Autores Título

1 40(11):1505-15 Pires ML, Benedito-Silva AA, Mello MT,

Pompeia Sdel G, Tufik S

Sleep habits and complaints of adults in the city

of São Paulo, Brazil, in 1987 and 1995

2 40(11):1465-72 Smith MA, Silva MD, Cendoroglo MS,

Ramos LR, Araujo LM, Labio RW,

Burbano RR, Chen ES, Payão SL

TP53 codon 72 polymorphism as a risk factor for

cardiovascular disease in a Brazilian population

3 40(11):1429-34 Fuzikawa AK, Peixoto SV, Taufer M,

Moriguchi EH, Lima-Costa MF.

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism distribution in an

elderly Brazilian population: the Bambuí Health

and Aging Study.

4 40(12):1681-7 Divino-Goes KG, Moraes-Pinto MI,

Dinelli MI, Casagrande ST, Bonetti TC,

Andrade PR, Weckx LY

Prevalence of diphtheria and tetanus antibodies

and circulation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in

São Paulo, Brazil

5 40(9):1237-43 Bettiol H, Sabbag Filho D, Haeffner LS,

Barbieri MA, Silva AA, Portela A, Silveira

P, Goldani MZ

Do intrauterine growth restriction and overweight

at primary school age increase the risk of

elevated body mass index in young adults?

6 40(9):1159-62 Batty GD. Examining life-course influences on chronic

disease: the Ribeirão Preto and São Luís birth

cohort studies (Brazil).

7 40(9):1211-20 Ribeiro VS, Figueiredo FP, Silva AA,

Bettiol H, Batista RF, Coimbra LC, Lamy

ZC, Barbieri MA

Why are the rates of cesarean section in Brazil

higher in more developed cities than in less

developed ones?

8 40(9):1195-202 Coimbra LC, Figueiredo FP, Silva AA,

Barbieri MA, Bettiol H, Caldas AJ,

Mochel EG, Ribeiro VS

Inadequate utilization of prenatal care in two

Brazilian birth cohorts

9 40(9):1245-55 Oliveira ZA, Bettiol H, Gutierrez MR,

Silva AA, Barbieri MA.

Factors associated with infant and adolescent

mortality

10 40(9):1203-10 Ribeiro VS, Figueiredo FP, Silva AA,

Batista RL, Barbieri MA, Lamy Filho F,

Alves MT, Santos AM, Bettiol H

Do socioeconomic factors explain why maternal

smoking during pregnancy is more frequent in a

more developed city of Brazil?

11 40(9):1177-86 Lamy Filho F, Assunção Júnior AN,

Silva AA, Lamy ZC, Barbieri MA, Bettiol

Social inequality and perinatal health:

comparison of three Brazilian cohorts

12 40(9):1221-30 Tomé FS, Cardoso VC, Barbieri MA,

Silva AA, Simões VM, Garcia CA, Bettiol

Are birth weight and maternal smoking during

pregnancy associated with malnutrition and

excess weight among school age children?

13 40(7):993-1002 Faco MM, Leone C, Campos LM,

Febrônio MV, Marques HH, Silva CA

Risk factors associated with the death of patients

hospitalized for juvenile systemic lupus

erythematosus

14 40(7):979-84 Wang P, Luo JD, Wu WF, Wang S, Cai

SL, Shen BH, Shi SF, Wei KX, Zhang

ZG, Chen ZD

Multiple factor analysis of metachronous upper

urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma after

radical cystectomy

15 40(7):949-55 Diniz DH, Blay SL, Schor N Anxiety and depression symptoms in recurrent

painful renal lithiasis colic

16 40(7):933-41 Vigo A, Duncan BB, Schmidt MI, Couper

D, Heiss G, Pankow JS, Ballantyne CM

Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies are

indicators of the course, but not of the onset, of

diabetes in middle-aged adults: the

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

17 40(7):897-902 Li XB, Ge ZZ, Chen XY, Liu WZ Duodenal gastric metaplasia and Helicobacter

pylori infection in patients with diffuse nodular

duodenitis

18 40(7):887-95 Nascimento OA, Camelier A, Rosa FW,

Menezes AM, Pérez-Padilla R, Jardim

JR; Latin American Project for the

Investigation of Obstructive Lung

Disease (PLATINO) Group.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is

underdiagnosed and undertreated in São Paulo

(Brazil): results of the PLATINO study.

19 40(6):787-91 Brandalize AP, Bandinelli E, Borba JB,

Félix TM, Roisenberg I, Schüler-Faccini

Polymorphisms in genes MTHFR, MTR and

MTRR are not risk factors for cleft lip/palate in

South Brazil

20 40(5):721-6 Arguelles J, Diaz JJ, Malaga I, Perillan

C, Costales M, Vijande M

Sodium taste threshold in children and its

relationship to blood pressure

21 40(5):633-7 Ruiz FS, Andersen ML, Zager A, Martins

RC, Tufik S.

Sleep deprivation reduces the lymphocyte count

in a non-obese mouse model of type 1 diabetes

mellitus

22 40(4):569-76 Corso AL, Pitrez PM, Machado DC,

Stein RT, Jones MH

TNF-alpha and IL-10 levels in tracheobronchial

lavage of ventilated preterm infants and

subsequent lung function

23 40(4):535-43 Rodulfo H, De Donato M, Mora R,

González L, Contreras CE

Comparison of the diagnosis of malaria by

microscopy, immunochromatography and PCR in

endemic areas of Venezuela

24 40(4):475-83 Iturry-Yamamoto GR, Moriguchi EH,

Zago AC, Alho CS, Zago AJ.

Association of the 894G>T polymorphism of the

endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase gene

with unstable angina

25 40(4):467-73 Braz DJ Jr, Gutierrez PS, da Luz PL Coronary fat content evaluated by morphometry

in patients with severe atherosclerosis has no

relation with serum lipid levels

26 40(3):367-75 Galduróz JC, Carlini EA. Use of alcohol among the inhabitants of the 107

largest cities in Brazil--2001

27 40(3):309-16 Freitas SR, Cabello PH, Moura-Neto

RS, Dolinsky LC, Lima AB, Barros M,

Bittencourt I, Cordovil IL

Analysis of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

gene polymorphisms in resistant hypertension

28 40(2):265-7 Duch CR, Figueiredo MS, Ribas C,

Almeida MS, Colleoni GW, Bordin JO

Analysis of polymorphism at site -174 G/C of

interleukin-6 promoter region in multiple

myeloma

29 40(2):189-97 Souza DR, Nakachima L, Biagioni RB,

Nakazone MA, Pinhel MA, Trindade DM,

Mafra VT, Tácito LH, Martin JF, Pinheiro

Júnior S, Brandão AC

Relevance of apolipoprotein E4 for the lipid

profile of Brazilian patients with coronary artery

disease

30 40(2):153-8 Fernandes F, Ramires FJ, Buck PC,

Almeida IJ, Rabelo R, Dantas SA,

Salemi VM, Halpern A, Mady C.

N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide, but not

brain natriuretic peptide, is increased in patients

with severe obesity.

31 40(1):81-7 Nora DB, Gomes I, Said G, Carvalho

FM, Melo A.

Modifications of the sympathetic skin response in

workers chronically exposed to lead

British Medical Journal – Ano: 2007

Nº Vol/Pg Autores Título

1 22;335(7633):1275-7 Redelmeier DA, Greenwald JA. Competing risks of mortality with marathons:

retrospective analysis.

2 335(7632):1251-4 Frihagen F, Nordsletten L, Madsen JE. Hemiarthroplasty or internal fixation for

intracapsular displaced femoral neck fractures:

randomised controlled trial.

3 24;335(7629):1069 Zarocostas J. WHO and UN slash their estimates of global HIV

prevalence.

4 335(7629):1080 Pickett KE, Wilkinson RG. Child wellbeing and income inequality in rich

societies: ecological cross sectional study.

5 335(7630):1139 Lane JA, Howson J, Donovan JL,

Goepel JR, Dedman DJ, Down L, Turner

EL, Neal DE, Hamdy FC.

Detection of prostate cancer in unselected young

men: prospective cohort nested within a

randomised controlled trial.

6 335(7627):961 Spurgeon D. Prevalence of MRSA in US hospitals hits new

high.

7 335(7630):1134 Reeves GK, Pirie K, Beral V, Green J,

Spencer E, Bull D; Million Women Study

Collaboration.

Cancer incidence and mortality in relation to body

mass index in the Million Women Study: cohort

study.

8 335(7628):1025 Villar J, et al Maternal and neonatal individual risks and

benefits associated with caesarean delivery:

multicentre prospective study.

9 335(7628):1033 Roberts SE, Williams JG, Yeates D,

Goldacre MJ.

Mortality in patients with and without colectomy

admitted to hospital for ulcerative colitis and

Crohn's disease: record linkage studies.

10 335(7627):978 Magnussen EB, Vatten LJ, Lund-Nilsen

TI, Salvesen KA, Davey Smith G,

Romundstad PR.

Prepregnancy cardiovascular risk factors as

predictors of pre-eclampsia: population based

cohort study.

11 335(7630):1143 Rubin GJ, Page L, Morgan O, Pinder

RJ, Riley P, Hatch S, Maguire H,

Catchpole M, Simpson J, Wessely S.

1Public information needs after the poisoning of

Alexander Litvinenko with polonium-210 in

London: cross sectional telephone survey and

qualitative analysis.

12 335(7629):1077 Strander B, Andersson-Ellström A,

Milsom I, Sparén P.

Long term risk of invasive cancer after treatment

for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3:

population based cohort study.

13 335(7625):875 Bleich SN, Cutler DM, Adams AS,

Lozano R, Murray CJ.

Impact of insurance and supply of health

professionals on coverage of treatment for

hypertension in Mexico: population based study.

14 335(7625):869 Huf G, Coutinho ES, Adams CE; TREC

Collaborative Group.

Rapid tranquillisation in psychiatric emergency

settings in Brazil: pragmatic randomised

controlled trial of intramuscular haloperidol

versus intramuscular haloperidol plus

promethazine.

15 335(7625):865 Raveendran NS, Tharyan P, Alexander

J, Adams CE; TREC-India II

Collaborative Group.

Rapid tranquillisation in psychiatric emergency

settings in India: pragmatic randomised

controlled trial of intramuscular olanzapine versus

intramuscular haloperidol plus promethazine.

16 335(7627):982 Petersen I, Johnson AM, Islam A,

Duckworth G, Livermore DM, Hayward

AC.

Protective effect of antibiotics against serious

complications of common respiratory tract

infections: retrospective cohort study with the UK

General Practice Research Database.

17 335(7623):750 Cotgrove A. Should young people be given antidepressants?

Yes.

18 335(7623):762 James J, Thomas P, Kerr D. Preventing childhood obesity: two year follow-up

results from the Christchurch obesity prevention

programme in schools (CHOPPS).

19 335(7626):919 Mason S, Knowles E, Colwell B, Dixon

S, Wardrope J, Gorringe R, Snooks H,

Perrin J, Nicholl J.

Effectiveness of paramedic practitioners in

attending 999 calls from elderly people in the

community: cluster randomised controlled trial.

20 335(7621):648-50 Lilford RJ, Brown CA, Nicholl J. Use of process measures to monitor the quality

of clinical practice.

21 335(7621):659 Goodacre S, Cross E, Lewis C, Nicholl

J, Capewell S; ESCAPE Research

Team.

Effectiveness and safety of chest pain

assessment to prevent emergency admissions:

ESCAPE cluster randomised trial.

22 335(7624):815 Kramer MS, Matush L, Vanilovich I, Platt

R, Bogdanovich N, Sevkovskaya Z,

Dzikovich I, Shishko G, Mazer B;

Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention

Trial (PROBIT) Study Group.

Effect of prolonged and exclusive breast feeding

on risk of allergy and asthma: cluster randomised

trial.

23 335(7621):651 Hannaford PC, Selvaraj S, Elliott AM,

Angus V, Iversen L, Lee AJ.

Cancer risk among users of oral contraceptives:

cohort data from the Royal College of General

Practitioner's oral contraception study.

24 335(7619):553 Phillips R, Amos A, Ritchie D,

Cunningham-Burley S, Martin C.

Smoking in the home after the smoke-free

legislation in Scotland: qualitative study.

25 335(7617):432 Conen D, Ridker PM, Buring JE, Glynn

RJ.

Risk of cardiovascular events among women with

high normal blood pressure or blood pressure

progression: prospective cohort study.

26 335(7614):285-7 Mangin D, Sweeney K, Heath I. Preventive health care in elderly people needs

rethinking.

27 335(7616):383 Fitzmaurice DA, Hobbs FD, Jowett S,

Mant J, Murray ET, Holder R, Raftery

JP, Bryan S, Davies M, Lip GY, Allan

TF.

Screening versus routine practice in detection of

atrial fibrillation in patients aged 65 or over:

cluster randomised controlled trial.

28 335(7620):596 Su LL, Chong YS, Chan YH, Chan YS,

Fok D, Tun KT, Ng FS, Rauff M.

Antenatal education and postnatal support

strategies for improving rates of exclusive breast

feeding: randomised controlled trial.

29 335(7620):603 Rona RJ, Fear NT, Hull L, Greenberg N,

Earnshaw M, Hotopf M, Wessely S.

Mental health consequences of overstretch in the

UK armed forces: first phase of a cohort study.

30 335(7612):177 Tanne JH. Meta-analysis says low LDL cholesterol may be

associated with greater risk of cancer.

31 335(7617):429 Chung A, Perera R, Brueggemann AB,

Elamin AE, Harnden A, Mayon-White R,

Smith S, Crook DW, Mant D.

Effect of antibiotic prescribing on antibiotic

resistance in individual children in primary care:

prospective cohort study.

32 335(7614):291 Roberts TE, Robinson S, Barton PM,

Bryan S, McCarthy A, Macleod J, Egger

M, Low N.

Cost effectiveness of home based population

screening for Chlamydia trachomatis in the UK:

economic evaluation of chlamydia screening

studies (ClaSS) project.

33 335(7611):118 Mayor S. Hospitals must standardise patients' wristbands

to reduce risk of wrong care.

34 335(7611):126-7 Goldacre B. Medicine and the media: MMR: the scare stories

are back.

35 335(7610):67 Mudur G. India reduces estimated count of people with

HIV.

36 335(7613):239 Vickers MR, MacLennan AH, Lawton B,

Ford D, Martin J, Meredith SK,

DeStavola BL, Rose S, Dowell A, Wilkes

HC, Darbyshire JH, Meade TW;

WISDOM group.

Main morbidities recorded in the women's

international study of long duration oestrogen

after menopause (WISDOM): a randomised

controlled trial of hormone replacement therapy

in postmenopausal women.

37 335(7611):136 Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C,

Vinogradova Y, Robson J, May M,

Brindle P.

Derivation and validation of QRISK, a new

cardiovascular disease risk score for the United

Kingdom: prospective open cohort study.

38 335(7610):80 Hickson M, D'Souza AL, Muthu N,

Rogers TR, Want S, Rajkumar C, Bulpitt

CJ.

Use of probiotic Lactobacillus preparation to

prevent diarrhoea associated with antibiotics:

randomised double blind placebo controlled trial.

39 334(7608):1343 Zarocostas J. Long haul flights double the risk of thrombosis

related to air travel.

40 335(7612):194 Cole TJ, Flegal KM, Nicholls D, Jackson

AA.

Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in

children and adolescents: international survey.

41 334(7606):1243 Eaton L. Researchers warn of possible risks to children

from new epilepsy drugs.

42 334(7605):1196 Holm S. Should genetic information be disclosed to

insurers? Yes.

43 334(7607):1305 Montgomery AA, Emmett CL, Fahey T,

Jones C, Ricketts I, Patel RR, Peters TJ,

Murphy DJ; DiAMOND Study Group.

Two decision aids for mode of delivery among

women with previous caesarean section:

randomised controlled trial.

44 334(7602):1027 Hitchen L. Rise in prevalence of autism in children continues

to baffle researchers.

45 334(7601):982 Grundy SM. Should women be offered cholesterol lowering

drugs to prevent cardiovascular disease? Yes.

46 334(7601):987 Kang JH, Cook N, Manson J, Buring JE,

Grodstein F.

Low dose aspirin and cognitive function in the

women's health study cognitive cohort.

47 334(7599):868-9 Mayor S. Hospital patients should be assessed for risk of

thromboembolism.

48 334(7602):1044 Aylin P, Bottle A, Majeed A. Use of administrative data or clinical databases

as predictors of risk of death in hospital:

comparison of models.

49 334(7599):885 Cook NR, Cutler JA, Obarzanek E,

Buring JE, Rexrode KM, Kumanyika SK,

Appel LJ, Whelton PK.

Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on

cardiovascular disease outcomes: observational

follow-up of the trials of hypertension prevention

(TOHP).

50 334(7601):994 de Groot M, de Keijser J, Neeleman J,

Kerkhof A, Nolen W, Burger H.

Cognitive behaviour therapy to prevent

complicated grief among relatives and spouses

bereaved by suicide: cluster randomised

controlled trial.

51 334(7598):816 Tanne JH. Aspirin reduced risk of cancer in large US study.

52 334(7596):729 Hopper AD, Cross SS, Hurlstone DP,

McAlindon ME, Lobo AJ, Hadjivassiliou

M, Sloan ME, Dixon S, Sanders DS.

Pre-endoscopy serological testing for coeliac

disease: evaluation of a clinical decision tool.

53 334(7594):606-7 Watson R. EU survey shows support for better warnings of

alcohol risks.

54 334(7593):551 Short R. Fracture risk is a class effect of glitazones.

55 334(7598):836 Bukowski R, Smith GC, Malone FD, Ball

RH, Nyberg DA, Comstock CH, Hankins

GD, Berkowitz RL, Gross SJ, Dugoff L,

Craigo SD, Timor-Tritsch IE, Carr SR,

Wolfe HM, D'Alton ME; FASTER

Research Consortium.

Fetal growth in early pregnancy and risk of

delivering low birth weight infant: prospective

cohort study.

56 334(7598):838 Maheswaran R, Pearson T, Munro J,

Jiwa M, Campbell MJ, Nicholl J.

Impact of NHS walk-in centres on primary care

access times: ecological study.

57 334(7595):678 Hutchings J, Gardner F, Bywater T,

Daley D, Whitaker C, Jones K, Eames

C, Edwards RT.

Parenting intervention in Sure Start services for

children at risk of developing conduct disorder:

pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

58 334(7595):682 Edwards RT, Céilleachair A, Bywater T,

Hughes DA, Hutchings J.

Parenting programme for parents of children at

risk of developing conduct disorder: cost

effectiveness analysis.

59 334(7594):617 Aziz O, Rao C, Panesar SS, Jones C,

Morris S, Darzi A, Athanasiou T.

Meta-analysis of minimally invasive internal

thoracic artery bypass versus percutaneous

revascularisation for isolated lesions of the left

anterior descending artery.

60 334(7593):576 Smith GC, Fleming KM, White IR. Birth order of twins and risk of perinatal death

related to delivery in England, Northern Ireland,

and Wales, 1994-2003: retrospective cohort

study.

61 334(7598):833 Balchin I, Whittaker JC, Patel RR,

Lamont RF, Steer PJ.

Racial variation in the association between

gestational age and perinatal mortality:

prospective study.

62 334(7591):447 Mayor S. NICE says doctors should identify people at high

risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections.

63 334(7591):460 Howden-Chapman P, et al. Effect of insulating existing houses on health

inequality: cluster randomised study in the

community.

64 334(7596):733 Seal A, Kerac M. Operational implications of using 2006 World

Health Organization growth standards in nutrition

programmes: secondary data analysis.

65 334(7592):514 Walter MA, Briel M, Christ-Crain M,

Bonnema SJ, Connell J, Cooper DS,

Bucher HC, Müller-Brand J, Müller B.

Effects of antithyroid drugs on radioiodine

treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis

of randomised controlled trials.

66 334(7589):362-5 Bhutta A, Gilliam C, Honeycutt M,

Schexnayder S, Green J, Moss M,

Anand KJ.

Reduction of bloodstream infections associated

with catheters in paediatric intensive care unit:

stepwise approach.

67 334(7589):334-5 Dyer O. Internet doctor put patients at risk, GMC is told.

68 334(7590):403 Reyburn H, Mbakilwa H, Mwangi R,

Mwerinde O, Olomi R, Drakeley C,

Whitty CJ.

Rapid diagnostic tests compared with malaria

microscopy for guiding outpatient treatment of

febrile illness in Tanzania: randomised trial.

69 334(7591):464 Wilcox AJ, Lie RT, Solvoll K, Taylor J,

McConnaughey DR, Abyholm F,

Vindenes H, Vollset SE, Drevon CA.

Folic acid supplements and risk of facial clefts:

national population based case-control study.

70 334(7584):71 Hawkes N. Fat chance of hitting obesity targets.

71 334(7583):14-5 Easton G. Clicking for pills.

72 334(7583):11 Roehr B. Dramatic drop in HIV infections halts circumcision

trials.

73 334 Suppl 1:s16 Chapman S. Risks of smoking: all done and dusted.

74 334(7587):245 Gale CR, Deary IJ, Schoon I, Batty GD. IQ in childhood and vegetarianism in adulthood:

1970 British cohort study.

75 334(7587):242 Rubino A, Roskell N, Tennis P, Mines D,

Weich S, Andrews E.

Risk of suicide during treatment with venlafaxine,

citalopram, fluoxetine, and dothiepin:

retrospective cohort study.

76 334(7586):194 Ives A, Saunders C, Bulsara M,

Semmens J.

Pregnancy after breast cancer: population based

study.

77 334(7585):140 Sazawal S, Dhingra U, Dhingra P,

Hiremath G, Kumar J, Sarkar A, Menon

VP, Black RE.

Effects of fortified milk on morbidity in young

children in north India: community based,

randomised, double masked placebo controlled

trial.

78 334(7585):136 Zar HJ, Cotton MF, Strauss S, Karpakis

J, Hussey G, Schaaf HS, Rabie H,

Lombard CJ.

Effect of isoniazid prophylaxis on mortality and

incidence of tuberculosis in children with HIV:

randomised controlled trial.

Cadernos de saúde pública – Ano: 2007

Nº Vol/Pg Autores Título

23(12):3061-5 Santelle O, Lefèvre AM, Cervato AM.

Social representations of eating and nutrition by

residents of homes for the elderly in São Paulo,

Brazil.

2 23(12):2993-9 Vieira Mde F, Araújo CL, Neutzling MB,

Hallal PC, Menezes AM.

Diagnosis of overweight and obesity in

adolescents from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort

Study, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil:

comparison of two diagnostic criteria.

3 23(12):2982-92 Rosa TE, Benício MH, Alves MC,

Lebrão ML.

Structural and functional aspects of social

support for the elderly in the city of São Paulo,

Brazil

4 23(12):2949-58 Silva LS, Pinheiro TM, Sakurai E.

Economic restructuring and impacts on health

and mental distress: the case of a state-owned

bank in Minas Gerais State, Brazil

5 23(12):2928-37 Massoni AC, Oliveira AF, Chaves AM,

Sampaio FC, Rosenblatt A.

Socioeconomic factors, nutritional risk, and

enamel defects in children from João Pessoa,

Paraíba State, Brazil

6 23(12):2878-86 Barbieri AF, Sawyer DO.

Heterogeneity of malaria prevalence in alluvial

gold mining areas in Northern Mato Grosso

State, Brazil.

7 23(12):2869-77 Araújo BF, Tanaka AC.

Risk factors associated with very low birth weight

in a low-income population

8 23(12):2862-8 Rocha CL, Horta BL, Pinheiro RT,

Cruzeiro AL, Cruz S.

Use of contraceptive methods by sexually active

teenagers in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State,

Brazil.

9 23(12):2853-61 Aquino Tde A, Guimarães MJ, Sarinho

SW, Ferreira LO.

Risk factors for perinatal mortality in Recife,

Pernambuco State, Brazil, 2003

10 23(12):2845-52 Lucas R, Lunet N, Carvalho R, Langa J,

Muanantatha M, Nkunda LP, Barros H.

Patterns in the use of medicines by university

students in Maputo, Mozambique.

11 23 Suppl 3:S424-34 Wachholz NI, Ferreira J.

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in children: a

study of prevalence and associated factors.

12 23 Suppl 3:S390-401 Turchi MD, Duarte Lda S, Martelli CM.

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV: risk factors

and missed opportunities for prevention among

pregnant women attending health services in

Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil.

13 23 Suppl 3:S379-89 Menezes Succi RC.

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Brazil

during the years 2000 and 2001: results of a

multi-centric study.

14 23 Suppl 4:S643-9 Moraes LR.

Household solid waste bagging and collection

and their health implications for children living in

outlying urban settlements in Salvador, Bahia

State, Brazil

15 23 Suppl 4:S612-21 Peres F, Moreira JC.

Health, environment, and pesticide use in a

farming area in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

16 23 Suppl 4:S599-611 Rigotto RM.

"Get it while you can!" attitude: late

industrialization and implications for work,

environment, and health in Ceará State, Brazil

17 23 Suppl 4:S588-98 Junger WL, Leon AP.

Air pollution and low birth weight in the city of Rio

de Janeiro, Brazil, 2002

18 23 Suppl 4:S537-48 Otero UB, Antoniazzi BN, Veiga LH,

Turci SR, Azevedo G, Mendonça S.

Screening methodology application to evaluate

cancer mortality in selected cities in the State of

Minas Gerais, Brazil

19 23(11):2781-8 Santos KA, Koszuoski R, Dias-da-Costa

JS, Pattussi MP.

Factors associated with functional incapacity

among the elderly in Guatambu, Santa Catarina

State, Brazil

20 23(11):2756-66 Nunes HM, Monteiro MR, Soares Mdo

Prevalence of hepatitis B and D serological

markers in the Parakanã, Apyterewa Indian

Reservation, Pará State, Brazil

21 23(11):2767-79 Minayo MC, Souza ER, Constantino P.

Perceived risks and victimization of military and

civil police in the public (in)security domain

22 23(11):2740-8 Matos DL, Lima-Costa MF.

Trends in the use of dental services by elderly

Brazilians and related socio-demographic factors

based on the National Household Survey (1998

and 2003)

23 23(11):2716-26 Mezzomo CL, Garcias Gde L, Sclowitz

ML, Sclowitz IT, Brum CB, Fontana T,

Unfried RI.

Prevention of neural tube defects: prevalence of

folic acid supplementation during pregnancy and

associated factors in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul

State, Brazil

24 23(11):2694-740 Peixoto Mdo R, Benício MH, Jardim PC.

The relationship between body mass index and

lifestyle in a Brazilian adult population: a cross-

sectional survey.

25 23(11):2631-42 Leite MS, Santos RV, Coimbra Jr CE.

Seasonality and nutritional status of indigenous

peoples: the case of Wari' in Rondônia State,

Brazil

26 23(11):2577-88 Santos IS, Matijasevich A, Tavares BF,

Barros AJ, Botelho IP, Lapolli C,

Magalhães PV, Barbosa AP, Barros FC.

Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression

Scale (EPDS) in a sample of mothers from the

2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study.

27 23(10):2439-61 Jardim R, Barreto SM, Assunção AA.

Work conditions, quality of life, and voice

disorders in teachers

28 23(10):2403-9 Vianna RP, Rea MF, Venancio SI,

Escuder MM.

Breastfeeding practices among paid working

mothers in Paraíba State, Brazil: a cross-

sectional study

29 23(10):2363-74 Pereira MR, Coutinho MS, Freitas PF,

D'Orsi E, Bernardi A, Hass R.

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of

hypertension in the adult urban population of

Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 2003

30 23(10):2351-62 Geib LT, Vargas Filho EF, Geib D,

Mesquita DI, Nunes ML.

Prevalence and determinants of medication

during pregnancy by risk class among mothers of

liveborn infants

31 23(10):2337-50 Assis AM, Barreto ML, Santos NS,

Oliveira LP, Dos Santos SM, Pinheiro

SM.

Inequality, poverty, and childhood health and

nutritional conditions in Northeast Brazil

32 23(10):2327-36 Macedo LE, Chor D, Andreozzi V,

Faerstein E, Werneck GL, Lopes CS.

Job stress and interruption of routine activities

due to health problems, according to the Pró-

Saúde Study

33 23(10):2305-16 Seidl EM, Melchíades A, Farias V, Brito

Persons living with HIV/AIDS: factors associated

with adherence to antiretroviral treatment

34 23(9):2239-45 Gama SR, Carvalho MS, Chaves CR.

Childhood prevalence of cardiovascular risk

factors

35 23(9):2197-204 Coelho HC, Perdoná GC, Neves FR,

Passos AD.

HIV prevalence and risk factors in a Brazilian

penitentiary.

36 23(9):2157-66 Mendoza-Sassi RA, Cesar JA, Ulmi EF,

Mano PS, Dall'Agnol MM, Neumann NA.

Evaluation of knowledge on prenatal care and

pregnancy risk among women living in a

peripheral area of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do

Sul State, Brazil

37 23(9):2145-56 Massimino FC, Gimeno SG, Ferreira

SR; Japanese-Brazilian Diabetes Study

Group.

All-cause mortality among Japanese-Brazilians

according to nutritional characteristics.

38 23(9):2127-33 Neves EB.

Occupational risk management in the Brazilian

army: normative and practical aspects

39 23(9):2094-102 Agudelo-Flórez P, Restrepo-Jaramillo

BN, Arboleda-Naranjo M.

Leptospirosis in Uraba, Antioquia, Colombia: a

seroepidemiological and risk factor survey in the

urban population

40 23(9):2035-48 Cardoso CS, Caiaffa WT, Bandeira M,

Siqueira AL, Silva JT, Fonseca JO.

Depression in schizophrenia: prevalence and

relationship to quality of life

41 23(8):1946-54 Agostinho Gimeno SG, Rodrigues D,

Pagliaro H, Cano EN, de Souza Lima

EE, Baruzzi RG.

Metabolic and anthropometric profile of Aruák

Indians: Mehináku, Waurá and Yawalapití in the

Upper Xingu, Central Brazil, 2000-2002

42 23(8):1924-30 Alves LC, Quinet Leimann BC, López

Vasconcelos ME, Sá Carvalho M, Godoi

Vasconcelos AG, Oliveira da Fonseca

TC, Lebrão ML, Laurenti R.

The effect of chronic diseases on functional

status of the elderly living in the city of São

Paulo, Brazil

43 23(8):1913-23 Suliano AA, Rodrigues MJ, de França

Caldas A Jr, da Fonte PP, Porto-

Carreiro Cda F.

Prevalence of malocclusion and its association

with functional alterations of the stomatognathic

system in schoolchildren

44 23(8):1893-902 Lima-Costa MF, Peixoto SV, Matos DL,

Firmo JO, Uchôa E.

The influence of proxy respondents on health

perception among older adults: a study based on

the Brazilian National Household Survey (1998,

2003) and the cohort study in Bambuí, Minas

Gerais State, Brazil

45 23(8):1886-92 Kilsztajn S, de Souza Lopes E, Nunes

do Carmo MS, de Andrade Reyes AM.

Apgar score associated with mode of delivery in

São Paulo State, Brazil

46 23(8):1867-76 Bossan FM, Dos Anjos LA, Leite de

Vasconcellos MT, Wahrlich V.

Nutritional status of the adult population in

Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: the nutrition,

physical activity, and health survey.

47 23(8):1857-66 Hartmann M, Dias-da-Costa JS,

Anselmo Olinto MT, Pattussi MP,

Tramontini A.

Prevalence of systemic hypertension and

associated factors: a population-based study

among women in the South of Brazil

48 23(8):1845-56 Neri MC, Lopes Soares W.

Estimating the impact of income on health

through income transfer programs for poor

elderly in Brazil

49 23(8):1825-34 Mondini L, Levy RB, Saldiva SR,

Venâncio SI, de Azevedo Aguiar J,

Stefanini ML.

Overweight, obesity and associated factors in

first grade schoolchildren in a city of the

metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil

50 23(8):1803-14 Barbato PR, Muller Nagano HC,

Zanchet FN, Boing AF, Peres MA.

Tooth loss and associated socioeconomic,

demographic, and dental-care factors in Brazilian

adults: an analysis of the Brazilian Oral Health

Survey, 2002-2003

51 23(8):1777-84 Barrientos JE, Bozon M, Ortiz E,

Arredondo A.

HIV prevalence, AIDS knowledge, and condom

use among female sex workers in Santiago,

Chile.

52 23(7):1728-32 Levino A, de Oliveira RM.

Tuberculosis among the indian population in São

Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas State, Brazil

53 23(7):1721-7 Sichieri R, do Nascimento S, Coutinho

The burden of hospitalization due to overweight

and obesity in Brazil.

54 23(7):1707-14 Gomes AS, Abegg C.

The impact of oral health on daily performance of

municipal waste disposal workers in Porto

Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

55 23(7):1682-8 Reilly LA, Favacho J, Garcez LM,

Courtenay O.

Preliminary evidence that synanthropic flies

contribute to the transmission of trachoma-

causing Chlamydia trachomatis in Latin America.

56 23(7):1665-73 Lima-Costa MF, Matos DL.

Prevalence and factors associated with

mammograms in the 50-69-year age group: a

study based on the Brazilian National Household

Sample Survey (PNAD-2003)

57 23(7):1649-55 Dias A, Cordeiro R.

Attributable fraction of work accidents related to

occupational noise exposure in a Southeastern

city of Brazil.

58 23(7):1633-9 Nogueira KT, Lopes CS, Faerstein E.

Self-reported history of physician-diagnosed

asthma and common mental disorders among

civil servants at a public university in Rio de

Janeiro, Brazil: the Pró-Saúde study

59 23(7):1595-602 Baretta E, Baretta M, Peres KG.

Physical activity and associated factors among

adults in Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, Brazil

60 23(7):1583-94 Borges AL, Latorre Mdo R, Schor N.

Factors associated with sexual debut among

adolescents enrolled in a family health unit in

East Side São Paulo, Brazil

61 23(7):1573-82 de Albuquerque Mde F, Ximenes RA,

Lucena-Silva N, de Souza WV, Dantas

AT, Dantas OM, Rodrigues LC.

Factors associated with treatment failure,

dropout, and death in a cohort of tuberculosis

patients in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil.

62 23(7):1553-64 Silva Pde C, Vitral CL, Barcellos C,

Kawa H, Gracie R, Rosa ML.

Hepatitis A in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil:

epidemiological pattern and socio-environmental

variables.

63 23(7):1539-46 da Silva SM, Brunken GS, de França

GV, Escuder MM, Venancio SI.

Breastfeeding trends in a State capital in the

Central West region of Brazil, 1999-2004

64 23(6):1489-93 Teixeira JC, Heller L, Barreto ML.

Giardia duodenalis infection: risk factors for

children living in sub-standard settlements in

Brazil.

65 23(6):1473-81 Sartor SG, Eluf-Neto J, Travier N,

Wünsch Filho V, Arcuri AS, Kowalski LP,

Boffetta P.

Occupational risks for laryngeal cancer: a case-

control study.

66 23(6):1443-53 Sampei MA, Canó EN, Fagundes U,

Lima EE, Rodrigues D, Sigulem DM,

Baruzzi RG.

Anthropometric assessment of Kamayurá

adolescents in the Upper Xingu, Central Brazil

(2000-2001)

67 23(6):1431-41 Tiensoli LO, Goulart LM, Resende LM,

Colosimo EA.

Hearing screening in a public hospital in Belo

Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil: hearing

impairment and risk factors in neonates and

infants

68 23(6):1415-21 Pereira RC, Ferreira LO, Diniz Ada S,

Batista Filho M, Figueirôa JN.

Efficacy of iron supplementation with or without

vitamin A for anemia control

69 23(6):1361-71 Suñé FR, Dias-da-Costa JS, Olinto MT,

Pattussi MP.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity and

associated factors among schoolchildren in a

southern Brazilian city

70 23(6):1329-38 Zaitune MP, Barros MB, César CL,

Carandina L, Goldbaum M.

Variables associated with sedentary leisure time

in the elderly in Campinas, São Paulo State,

Brazil

71 23(6):1283-93 Muniz PT, Castro TG, Araújo TS, Nunes

NB, da Silva-Nunes M, Hoffmann EH,

Ferreira MU, Cardoso MA.

Child health and nutrition in the Western Brazilian

Amazon: population-based surveys in two

counties in Acre State.

72 23(5):1217-26 Burlandy L, dos Anjos LA.

Access to the school food program and nutritional

status of schoolchildren in Northeast and

Southeast Brazil, 1997

73 23(5):1199-205 Fabian C, Olinto MT, Dias-da-Costa JS,

Bairros F, Nácul LC.

Anemia prevalence and associated factors

among adult women in São Leopoldo, Rio

Grande do Sul, Brazil

74 23(5):1187-97 da Cunha MD, Cavaliere FA, Hércules

FM, Duraes SM, de Oliveira ML, de

Matos HJ.

The impact of leprosy elimination strategy on an

endemic municipality in Rio de Janeiro State,

Brazil

75 23(5):1151-60 Dellaroza MS, Pimenta CA, Matsuo T.

Prevalence and characterization of chronic pain

among the elderly living in the community

76 23(5):1113-8 da Silva RA, Horta BL, Pontes LM, Faria

AD, Souza LD, Cruzeiro AL, Pinheiro

RT.

Psychological well-being and adolescence:

associated factors

77 23(5):1089-97 Marín-León L, de Oliveira HB, Barros

MB, Dalgalarrondo P, Botega NJ.

Perception of community problems: the influence

of socio-demographic and mental health factors

78 23(5):1061-9 Pinho VF, Coutinho ES.

Variables associated with breast cancer in clients

of primary healthcare units

79 23(5):1051-9 Rozman LM, Santo AH, Rozman MA.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance in

HIV patients in Baixada Santista, São Paulo,

Brazil

80 23(4):971-6 Leite LH, Waissmann W, Veggi AB.

Reliability of a questionnaire to assess food

safety knowledge, perceptions, and practices

among outpatients with human immunodeficiency

virus

81 23(4):919-26 Kuschnir FC, Cunha AJ, Braga Dde A,

Silveira HH, Barroso MH, Aires ST.

Asthma in 13-14-year-old schoolchildren in the

city of Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil:

prevalence, severity, and gender differences

82 23(4):897-905 Mariath AB, Grillo LP, Silva RO, Schmitz

P, Campos IC, Medina JR, Kruger RM.

Obesity and risk factors for the development of

chronic non-transmissible diseases among

consumers in a foodservice unit

83 23(4):875-84 Zeilhofer P, Zeilhofer LV, Hardoim EL,

Lima ZM, Oliveira CS.

GIS applications for mapping and spatial

modeling of urban-use water quality: a case

study in District of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

84 23(4):863-74 Macedo SE, Menezes AM, Knorst M,

Dias-da-Costa JS, Gigante DP, Olinto

MT, Fiss E.

Risk factors for asthma in adults in Pelotas, Rio

Grande do Sul State, Brazil

85 23(4):823-34 Szklo AS, Almeida LM, Figueiredo V,

Lozana Jde A, Azevedo e Silva

Mendonça G, Moura L, Szklo M.

Behaviors related to sunlight exposure versus

protection in a random population sample from

15 Brazilian State capitals and the Federal

District, 2002-2003

86 23(4):795-804 Suárez-Mutis MC, Coura JR.

Changes in the epidemiological pattern of malaria

in a rural area of the middle Rio Negro, Brazilian

Amazon: a retrospective analysis

87 23(4):775-83 Horta RL, Horta BL, Pinheiro RT,

Morales B, Strey MN.

Tobacco, alcohol, and drug use by teenagers in

Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: a

gender approach

88 23(3):691-700 Duarte MB, Rego MA.

Depression and clinical illness: comorbidity in a

geriatric outpatient clinic

89 23(3):669-80 Lima VL, Rangel O, Andrade VR,

Silveira NY, Oliveira SS, Figueiredo LT.

Dengue: sero-epidemiological survey and

virological surveillance in Campinas, São Paulo,

Brazil

90 23(3):657-68 Borges PK, Gimeno SG, Tomita NE,

Ferreira SR.

Prevalence and characteristics associated with

metabolic syndrome in Japanese-Brazilians with

and without periodontal disease

91 23(3):593-600 Rihs LB, Sousa Mda L, Cypriano S,

Abdalla NM, Guidini DD, Amgarten C.

Dental caries activity in primary dentition,

Indaiatuba, São Paulo, Brazil, 2004

92 23(3):585-92 Guerra IC, Ramos-Cerqueira AT.

Risk of repeated hospitalizations in elderly users

of an academic health center

93 23(3):553-64 Marchioni DM, Fisberg RM, Góis Filho

JF, Kowalski LP, Carvalho MB, Abrahão

M, Latorre Mdo R, Eluf Neto J, Wünsch-

Filho V.

Dietary factors and oral cancer: a case-control

study in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil

94 23(3):545-52 Sánchez AR, Massari V, Gerhardt G,

Barreto AW, Cesconi V, Pires J,

Espínola AB, Biondi E, Larouzé B,

Camacho LA.

Tuberculosis in Rio de Janeiro prisons, Brazil: an

urgent public health problem

95 23 Suppl 1:S65-73 Nelson CM.

Links and effects of globalization on social and

economic organization and malaria prevalence in

the Coastal Region of Livingston, Guatemala

96 23 Suppl 1:S23-31 Torres JR, Castro J.

The health and economic impact of dengue in

Latin America.

97 23(2):445-53 Xavier MI, Barreto ML.

Tuberculosis in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in the

1990s

98 23(2):435-44 Hoffmann RH, de Sousa Mda L,

Cypriano S.

Prevalence of enamel defects and the

relationship to dental caries in deciduous and

permanent dentition in Indaiatuba, São Paulo, Br

99 23(2):427-34 de Souza EA, da Silva-Nunes M,

Malafronte Rdos S, Muniz PT, Cardoso

MA, Ferreira MU.

Prevalence and spatial distribution of intestinal

parasitic infections in a rural Amazonian

settlement, Acre State, Brazil.

100 23(2):419-26 Silva M, Santana V, Dourado I.

Military rank and AIDS proportionate mortality in

the Brazilian Navy.

101 23(2):409-17 Araújo KC, Resendes AP, Souza-Santos

R, Silveira Júnior JC, Barbosa CS.

Spatial analysis of Biomphalaria glabrata foci and

human cases of mansoni schistosomiasis in

Porto de Galinhas, Pernambuco State, Brazil, in

the year 2000

102 23(2):391-8 Wendland EM, Duncan BB, Mengue SS,

Nucci LB, Schmidt MI.

Waist circumference in the prediction of obesity-

related adverse pregnancy outcomes.

103 23(2):381-90 de Oliveira PP, Klumb EM, Marinheiro

LP.

Prevalence of fracture risk estimated by

quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus in a

population of postmenopausal women

104 23(2):347-54 Menezes AM, Hallal PC, Horta BL.

Early determinants of smoking in adolescence: a

prospective birth cohort study.

105 23(2):341-6 Mendoza-Sassi RA, Béria JU.

Gender differences in self-reported morbidity:

evidence from a population-based study in

southern Brazil.

106 23(2):305-13 Barata RB, de Almeida MF, Montero CV,

da Silva ZP.

Health inequalities based on ethnicity in

individuals aged 15 to 64, Brazil, 1998.

107 23(2):297-304 Simony RF, Gimeno SG, Ferreira SR,

Franco LJ; Japanese-Brazillian Diabetes

Study Group.

Which body mass index is best associated with

risk of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in a

Japanese-Brazilian population?

108 23(1):235-9 de Farias LM, Resendes AP, Sabroza

PC, Souza-Santos R.

Preliminary analysis of the Information System in

the Brazilian Schistosomiasis Control Program,

1999-2003

109 23(1):217-24 Garbinato LR, Béria JU, Figueiredo AC,

Raymann B, Gigante LP, Palazzo Ldos

S, Aerts DR.

Prevalence and factors associated with hospital

admissions in a population-based study in a

southern Brazilian city

110 23(1):197-205 Strazza L, Massad E, Azevedo RS,

Carvalho HB.

Behavior associated with HIV and HCV infection

in female prison inmates in São Paulo, Brazil

111 23(1):177-86 Chalem E, Mitsuhiro SS, Ferri CP,

Barros MC, Guinsburg R, Laranjeira R.

Teenage pregnancy: Behavioral and socio-

demographic profile of an urban Brazilian

population

112 23(1):157-66 Drumond Ede F, Machado CJ, França

Early neonatal mortality: An analysis of multiple

causes of death by the Grade of Membership

method

113 23(1):147-56 Goulart RM, França Junior I, Souza Mde

Nutritional rehabilitation of undernourished and

nutritionally at-risk children admitted to a

supplementary food program in Mogi das Cruzes,

São Paulo, Brazil

114 23(1):53-62 Reichenheim ME, Klein R, Moraes CL.

Assessing the physical violence component of

the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales when used in

heterosexual couples: An item response theory

analysis.

115 23(1):43-51 Viana FJ, Faúndes A, de Mello MB, de

Sousa MH.

Factors associated with safe sex among public

school students in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

116 23(1):33-42 Vettore MV, Lamarca Gde A, Leão AT,

Sheiham A, Leal Mdo C.

Partial recording protocols for periodontal

disease assessment in epidemiological surveys.

Ciencia e saúde coletiva – Ano: 2007

Nº Vol/Pg Autores Título

1 12(6):1553-65 Martins IS, Marinho SP, de Oliveira DC,

de Araújo EA

Poverty, malnutrition and obesity:

interrelationships among the nutritional status of

members of the same family

2 12(5):1253-66 Milagres RC, Nunes LC, Pinheiro-

Sant'Ana HM

Vitamin A deficiency among children in Brazil and

worldwide

3 12(5):1229-36 Moreira PV, Rosenblatt A, Passos IA Prevalence of cavities among adolescents in

public and private schools in João Pessoa,

Paraíba State, Brazil

4 12(5):1143-54 Costa MC, Alves MV, Santos CA, C de

Carvalho R, P de Souza KE, Lima de

Sousa H.

Experimentation and regular use of alcoholic

beverages, cigarettes and other Psychoactive

Substances (PAS) during adolescence

5 12(5):1129-41 Costa MC, Cabral de Carvalho R, Santa

Bárbara Jde F, Santos CA, de A Gomes

W, Lima de Sousa H

The profile of violence against children and

adolescents according to Child Protection

Council records: victims, aggressors and patterns

of violence

6 12(5):1101-9 (Debate) Costa MC, Cabral de Carvalho

R, Santa Bárbara Jde F, Santos CA, de

A Gomes W, Lima de Sousa H

Personal and collective mechanisms for

protecting and enhancing the quality of life during

childhood and adolescence

7 12(2):523-9 Meneghim Mde C, Kozlowski FC,

Pereira AC, Ambrosano GM, Meneghim

ZM.

A socioeconomic classification and the

discussion related to prevalence of dental caries

and dental fluorosis

8 12(1):181-90 Pilz EM, Schermann LB Environmental and biological determinants of

neuropsychomotor development in a sample of

children in Canoas/RS

9 12(1):171-9 Possamai FP, Viana E, Schulz HE, de

Costa MM, Casagrande E.

Inactive dumps in Santa Catarina's carboniferous

area: analysis of risks to the public health and the

environment

10 12(1):39-50 Fonseca MG, Peres F, Firmo JO, Uchôa

Risk perception: thinking and acting modes in

pesticide management

International Journal of Epidemiology – Ano: 2007

Nº Vol/Pg Autores Título

1 36(6):1349-55 Batty GD, Smith GD, Fall CH, Sayer AA,

Dennison E, Cooper C, Gale CR.

Association of diarrhoea in childhood with blood

pressure and coronary heart disease in older

age: analyses of two UK cohort studies.

2 36(6):1255-64 Koskinen S, Joutsenniemi K, Martelin T,

Martikainen P.

Mortality differences according to living

arrangements.

3 36(5):951-7 Kune GA, Kune S, Watson LF.

Colorectal cancer risk, chronic illnesses,

operations and medications: case control results

from the Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study.

1988.

4 36(5):1103-10 Bennion P, et al. The impact of airborne dust on respiratory health

in children living in the Aral Sea region.

5 36(6):1229-34 Cheng AT, Hawton K, Lee CT, Chen TH.

The influence of media reporting of the suicide of

a celebrity on suicide rates: a population-based

study.

6 36(6):1327-33 Ford AC, Forman D, Bailey AG,

Goodman KJ, Axon AT, Moayyedi P.

Effect of sibling number in the household and

birth order on prevalence of Helicobacter pylori: a

cross-sectional study.

7 36(6):1292-9 Lorant V, Demarest S, Miermans PJ,

Van Oyen H.

Survey error in measuring socio-economic risk

factors of health status: a comparison of a survey

and a census.

8 36(5):1038-46 Krestinina LY, Davis F, Ostroumova E,

Epifanova S, Degteva M, Preston D,

Akleyev A.

Solid cancer incidence and low-dose-rate

radiation exposures in the Techa River cohort:

1956 2002.

9 36(6):1265-72 Burazeri G, Goda A, Tavanxhi N, Sulo

G, Stefa J, Kark JD.

The health effects of emigration on those who

remain at home.

10 36(5):1111-8 Knol MJ, van der Tweel I, Grobbee DE,

Numans ME, Geerlings MI.

Estimating interaction on an additive scale

between continuous determinants in a logistic

regression model.

11 36(6):1235-42 Gunnell D, Fernando R, Hewagama M,

Priyangika WD, Konradsen F, Eddleston

The impact of pesticide regulations on suicide in

Sri Lanka.

12 36(4):866-72 Campbell-Lendrum DH, Angulo VM,

Esteban L, Tarazona Z, Parra GJ,

Restrepo M, Restrepo BN, Guhl F, Pinto

N, Aguilera G, Wilkinson P, Davies CR.

House-level risk factors for triatomine infestation

in Colombia.

13 36(5):1126-35 Vrijheid M, Cardis E, Ashmore P,

Auvinen A, Bae JM, Engels H, Gilbert E,

Gulis G, Habib R, Howe G, Kurtinaitis J,

Malker H, Muirhead C, Richardson D,

Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Rogel A,

Schubauer-Berigan M, Tardy H, Telle-

Lamberton M, Usel M, Veress K.

Mortality from diseases other than cancer

following low doses of ionizing radiation: results

from the 15-Country Study of nuclear industry

workers.

14 36(5):1030-7 Hashizume M, Armstrong B, Hajat S,

Wagatsuma Y, Faruque AS, Hayashi T,

Sack DA.

Association between climate variability and

hospital visits for non-cholera diarrhoea in

Bangladesh: effects and vulnerable groups.

15 36(5):1143-50 Kin CF, Shan WS, Shun LJ, Chung LP,

Jean W.

Experience of famine and bone health in post-

menopausal women.

16 36(6):1309-18 May M, Sterne JA, Shipley M, Brunner

E, d'Agostino R, Whincup P, Ben-

Shlomo Y, Carr A, Ledergerber B,

Lundgren JD, Phillips AN, Massaro J,

Egger M.

A coronary heart disease risk model for

predicting the effect of potent antiretroviral

therapy in HIV-1 infected men.

17 36(4):789-804 Lee PN.

Circulatory disease and smokeless tobacco in

Western populations: a review of the evidence.

18 36(4):881-9 Vynnycky E, Trindall A, Mangtani P.

Estimates of the reproduction numbers of

Spanish influenza using morbidity data.

19 36(4):776-86 Laaksonen E, Martikainen P, Lahelma

E, Lallukka T, Rahkonen O, Head J,

Marmot M.

Socioeconomic circumstances and common

mental disorders among Finnish and British

public sector employees: evidence from the

Helsinki Health Study and the Whitehall II Study.

20 36(4):761-8 Veling W, Selten JP, Susser E, Laan W,

Mackenbach JP, Hoek HW.

Discrimination and the incidence of psychotic

disorders among ethnic minorities in The

Netherlands.

21 36(4):858-64 Deitchler M, Valadez JJ, Egge K,

Fernandez S, Hennigan M.

A field test of three LQAS designs to assess the

prevalence of acute malnutrition.

22 36(1):236-41 Lubin JH, Kogevinas M, Silverman D,

Malats N, Garcia-Closas M, Tardón A,

Hein DW, Garcia-Closas R, Serra C,

Dosemeci M, Carrato A, Rothman N.

Evidence for an intensity-dependent interaction of

NAT2 acetylation genotype and cigarette

smoking in the Spanish Bladder Cancer Study.

23 36(1):132-8 Dubois L, Girad M.

Accuracy of maternal reports of pre-schoolers'

weights and heights as estimates of BMI values.

24 36(1):84-92 Agardh EE, Ahlbom A, Andersson T,

Efendic S, Grill V, Hallqvist J, Ostenson

CG.

Socio-economic position at three points in life in

association with type 2 diabetes and impaired

glucose tolerance in middle-aged Swedish men

and women.

25 36(1):40-6 Fleming J, Zhao E, O'Connor DW, Pollitt

PA, Brayne C.

Cohort profile: the Cambridge City over-75s

Cohort (CC75C).

26 36(5):1001-8 Shin HD, Park BL, Cheong HS, Yoon

JH, Kim YJ, Lee HS.

SPP1 polymorphisms associated with HBV

clearance and HCC occurrence.

27 36(4):769-75 Martin LT, Kubzansky LD, LeWinn KZ,

Lipsitt LP, Satz P, Buka SL.

Childhood cognitive performance and risk of

generalized anxiety disorder.

28 36(4):916-25 Zhang Q, Wang Y.

Using concentration index to study changes in

socio-economic inequality of overweight among

US adolescents between 1971 and 2002.

29 36(4):907-15 Dalziel SR, Parag V, Rodgers A,

Harding JE.

Cardiovascular risk factors at age 30 following

pre-term birth.

30 36(4):834-40 Felber Dietrich D, Schwartz J, Schindler

C, Gaspoz JM, Barthélémy JC, Tschopp

JM, Roche F, von Eckardstein A, Brändli

O, Leuenberger P, Gold DR,

Ackermann-Liebrich U; SAPALDIA-

team.

Effects of passive smoking on heart rate

variability, heart rate and blood pressure: an

observational study.

31 36(4):751-8 Bresnahan M, Begg MD, Brown A,

Schaefer C, Sohler N, Insel B, Vella L,

Susser E.

Race and risk of schizophrenia in a US birth

cohort: another example of health disparity?

32 36(3):679-87 Little K, Newell ML, Luo C, Ngongo N,

Borja MC, McDermott P.

Estimating the number of vertically HIV-infected

children eligible for antiretroviral treatment in

resource-limited settings.

33 36(4):890-9 Sonnenberg A.

Time trends of mortality from Crohn's disease

and ulcerative colitis.

34 36(4):873-80 Nygård K, Wahl E, Krogh T, Tveit OA,

Bøhleng E, Tverdal A, Aavitsland P.

Breaks and maintenance work in the water

distribution systems and gastrointestinal illness: a

cohort study.

35 36(2):330-5 Tammes P.

Survival of Jews during the Holocaust: the

importance of different types of social resources.

36 36(3):542-8 Kaplan GA, Baltrus PT, Raghunathan

TE.

The shape of health to come: prospective study

of the determinants of 30-year health trajectories

in the Alameda County Study.

37 36(3):550-7 Corvalán C, Gregory CO, Ramirez-Zea

M, Martorell R, Stein AD.

Size at birth, infant, early and later childhood

growth and adult body composition: a prospective

study in a stunted population.

38 36(2):338-45 Fone D, Dunstan F, Lloyd K, Williams G,

Watkins J, Palmer S.

Does social cohesion modify the association

between area income deprivation and mental

health? A multilevel analysis.

39 36(3):569-79 Subramanian SV, Ackerson LK,

Subramanyam MA, Wright RJ.

Domestic violence is associated with adult and

childhood asthma prevalence in India.

40 36(3):600-9 Shimazu T, Kuriyama S, Hozawa A,

Ohmori K, Sato Y, Nakaya N, Nishino Y,

Tsubono Y, Tsuji I.

Dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease

mortality in Japan: a prospective cohort study.

41 36(2):412-9 Catov JM, Ness RB, Kip KE, Olsen J.

Risk of early or severe pre-eclampsia related to

pre-existing conditions.

42 36(4):724-30 Brown RC, Dwyer T, Kasten C, Krotoski

D, Li Z, Linet MS, Olsen J, Scheidt P,

Winn DM; International Childhood

Cancer Cohort Consortium (I4C).

Cohort profile: the International Childhood

Cancer Cohort Consortium (I4C).

43 36(2):358-65 Jagger C, Matthews R, Melzer D,

Matthews F, Brayne C; MRC CFAS.

Educational differences in the dynamics of

disability incidence, recovery and mortality:

Findings from the MRC Cognitive Function and

Ageing Study (MRC CFAS).

44 36(2):431-8 Cade JE, Burley VJ, Greenwood DC; UK

Women's Cohort Study Steering Group.

Dietary fibre and risk of breast cancer in the UK

Women's Cohort Study.

45 36(1):77-83 Osler M, McGue M, Christensen K.

Socioeconomic position and twins' health: a life-

course analysis of 1266 pairs of middle-aged

Danish twins.

46 36(2):458-67 Rehm J, Sulkowska U, Mańczuk M,

Boffetta P, Powles J, Popova S,

Zatoński W.

Alcohol accounts for a high proportion of

premature mortality in central and eastern

Europe.

47 36(2):449-57 Shafique S, Akhter N, Stallkamp G, de

Pee S, Panagides D, Bloem MW.

Trends of under- and overweight among rural

and urban poor women indicate the double

burden of malnutrition in Bangladesh.

48 36(1):110-6 Mallol-Mesnard N, Menegaux F,

Auvrignon A, Auclerc MF, Bertrand Y,

Nelken B, Robert A, Michel G,

Margueritte G, Perel Y, Méchinaud F,

Bordigoni P, Leverger G, Baruchel A,

Hémon D, Clavel J.

Vaccination and the risk of childhood acute

leukaemia: the ESCALE study (SFCE).

49 36(1):66-76 Nagel G, et al. Socioeconomic position and the risk of gastric

and oesophageal cancer in the European

Prospective Investigation into Cancer and

Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST).

50 36(2):396-405 Vickerman P, Hickman M, Judd A.

Modelling the impact on Hepatitis C transmission

of reducing syringe sharing: London case study.

51 36(1):166-74 Myer L, Denny L, Wright TC, Kuhn L.

Prospective study of hormonal contraception and

women's risk of HIV infection in South Africa.

52 36(1):93-101 Kim SA, Yount KM, Ramakrishnan U,

Martorell R.

The relationship between parity and overweight

varies with household wealth and national

development.

53 36(1):178-84 Li L, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Lin C, Detels R, Wu

Using case vignettes to measure HIV-related

stigma among health professionals in China.

54 36(1):212-9 Osler M, Andersen AM, Laursen B,

Lawlor DA.

Cognitive function in childhood and early

adulthood and injuries later in life: the Metropolit

1953 male birth cohort.

55 36(1):117-29 Mishra V, Retherford RD.

Does biofuel smoke contribute to anaemia and

stunting in early childhood?

56 36(1):187-94 Jarrin I, Lumbreras B, Ferreros I, Pérez-

Hoyos S, Hurtado I, Hernández-Aguado

Effect of education on overall and cause-specific

mortality in injecting drug users, according to HIV

and introduction of HAART.

57 36(1):228-35 Gale CR, Martyn CN, Cooper C, Sayer

AA.

Grip strength, body composition, and mortality.

58 36(2):387-93 Subramani R, Santha T, Frieden TR,

Radhakrishna S, Gopi PG, Selvakumar

N, Sadacharam K, Narayanan PR.

Active community surveillance of the impact of

different tuberculosis control measures,

Tiruvallur, South India, 1968-2001.

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology – Ano: 2007

Nº Vol/Pg Autores Título

1 60(12):1312-4 Byrne CM, Harrison JD, Young JM,

Selby WS, Solomon MJ.

Including the questionnaire with an invitation

letter did not improve a telephone survey's

response rate

2 60(12):1306-11 Cadarette SM, Beaton DE, Gignac MA,

Jaglal SB, Dickson L, Hawker GA.

Minimal error in self-report of having had DXA,

but self-report of its results was poor.

3 60(12):1288-97 Saarni SI, Suvisaari J, Sintonen H,

Koskinen S, Härkänen T, Lönnqvist J.

The health-related quality-of-life impact of chronic

conditions varied with age in general population

4 60(12):1271-9 El Fakiri F, Bruijnzeels MA, Hoes AW. No evidence for marked ethnic differences in

accuracy of self-reported diabetes, hypertension,

and hypercholesterolemia

5 60(12):1239-45 Van Ness PH, Murphy TE, Araujo KL,

Pisani MA, Allore HG.

The use of missingness screens in clinical

epidemiologic research has implications for

regression modeling

6 60(11):1184-9 Beebe TJ, Stoner SM, Anderson KJ,

Williams AR.

Selected questionnaire size and color

combinations were significantly related to mailed

survey response rates

7 60(11):1149-55 Lietzau S, Raum E, von Baum H, Marre

R, Brenner H.

Household contacts were key factor for children's

colonization with resistant Escherichia coli in

community setting

8 60(11):1140-8 Fu B, Tom BD, Delahooke T, Alexander

GJ, Bird SM.

Event-biased referral can distort estimation of

hepatitis C virus progression rate to cirrhosis, and

of prognostic influences

9 60(11):1132-9 Filardo G, Hamilton C, Hamman B, Ng

HK, Grayburn P.

Categorizing BMI may lead to biased results in

studies investigating in-hospital mortality after

isolated CABG

10 60(11):1127-31 Niccolai LM, Ogden LG, Muehlenbein

CE, Dziura JD, Vázquez M, Shapiro ED.

Methodological issues in design and analysis of a

matched case-control study of a vaccine's

effectiveness

11 60(11):1123-6 Sood A, Knudsen K, Sood R, Wahner-

Roedler DL, Barnes SA, Bardia A, Bauer

BA.

Publication bias for CAM trials in the highest

impact factor medicine journals is partly due to

geographical bias

12 60(10):1052-9 Hagmolen Of Ten Have W, van den

Berg NJ, van der Palen J, van Aalderen

WM, Bindels PJ.

Severe airway hyperresponsiveness was not

predictable with the use of current tools in

asthmatic children in general practice.

13 60(9):971-4 Vermeulen MJ, Tu JV, Schull MJ.

ICD-10 adaptations of the Ontario acute

myocardial infarction mortality prediction rules

performed as well as the original versions.

14 60(9):954-62 Avlund K, Vass M, Kvist K, Hendriksen

C, Keiding N.

Educational intervention toward preventive home

visitors reduced functional decline in community-

living older women.

15 60(9):947-53 Kuijpers T, van der Heijden GJ,

Vergouwe Y, Twisk JW, Boeke AJ,

Bouter LM, van der Windt DA.

Good generalizability of a prediction rule for

prediction of persistent shoulder pain in the short

term.

16 60(9):929-38 Kopec JA, Richardson CG, Llewellyn-

Thomas H, Klinkhoff A, Carswell A,

Chalmers A.

Probabilistic threshold technique showed that

patients' preferences for specific trade-offs

between pain relief and each side effect of

treatment in osteoarthritis varied.

17 60(9):919-28 Grocott MP, Browne JP, Van der Meulen

J, Matejowsky C, Mutch M, Hamilton

MA, Levett DZ, Emberton M, Haddad

FS, Mythen MG.

The Postoperative Morbidity Survey was

validated and used to describe morbidity after

major surgery.

18 60(9):911-8 Hennessy S, Bilker WB, Leonard CE,

Chittams J, Palumbo CM, Karlawish JH,

Yang YX, Lautenbach E, Baine WB,

Metlay JP.

Observed association between antidepressant

use and pneumonia risk was confounded by

comorbidity measures.

19 60(9):902-10 Ihorst G, Forster J, Petersen G,

Werchau H, Rohwedder A, Schumacher

The use of imperfect diagnostic tests had an

impact on prevalence estimation.

20 60(9):892-901 Forster AJ, O'Rourke K, Shojania KG,

van Walraven C.

Combining ratings from multiple physician

reviewers helped to overcome the uncertainty

associated with adverse event classification.

21 60(9):874-82 Localio AR, Margolis DJ, Berlin JA.

Relative risks and confidence intervals were

easily computed indirectly from multivariable

logistic regression.

22 60(8):858-62 Fedeli U, Brocco S, Alba N, Rosato R,

Spolaore P.

The choice between different statistical

approaches to risk-adjustment influenced the

identification of outliers.

23 60(8):839-48 Karels CH, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Burdorf

A, Verhagen AP, Nauta AP, Koes BW.

Social and psychological factors influenced the

course of arm, neck and shoulder complaints.

24 60(8):812-8 McClure DL, Valuck RJ, Glanz M,

Murphy JR, Hokanson JE.

Statin and statin-fibrate use was significantly

associated with increased myositis risk in a

managed care population.

25 60(8):795-802 Dorn T, Yzermans CJ, van der Zee J.

Prospective cohort study into post-disaster

benzodiazepine use demonstrated only short-

term increase.

26 60(7):742-5 Stavem K, Erikssen J. Respiratory rate at rest was not associated with

long-term mortality in healthy males.

27 60(7):734-41 Terris DD, Litaker DG, Koroukian SM. Health state information derived from secondary

databases is affected by multiple sources of bias.

28 60(7):712-9 van Jaarsveld CH, Miles A, Wardle J. Pathways from deprivation to health differed

between individual and neighborhood-based

indices.

29 60(7):704-711 Pattaro C, Locatelli F, Sunyer J, de

Marco R.

Using the age at onset may increase the

reliability of longitudinal asthma assessment.

30 60(7):680-5 Mikaeloff Y, Moride Y, Khoshnood B,

Weill A, Bréart G.

Infant and toddler disease score was useful for

risk of hospitalization based on data from

administrative claims.

31 60(7):670-679 Viala M, Bhakar AL, de la Loge C, van

de Velde H, Esseltine D, Chang M,

Dhawan R, Dubois D.

Patient-reported outcomes helped predict

survival in multiple myeloma using partial least

squares analysis.

32 60(6):634-42 Merkin SS, Cavanaugh K, Longenecker

JC, Fink NE, Levey AS, Powe NR.

Agreement of self-reported comorbid conditions

with medical and physician reports varied by

disease among end-stage renal disease patients.

33 60(6):579-84 Wijeysundera HC, Austin PC, Mustard

CA, Chong A, Alter DA; SESAMI study

group.

Age-social stratification designs had a negligible

impact on income-mortality associations.

34 60(5):530-4 Walter SD, Sinuff T. Studies reporting ROC curves of diagnostic and

prediction data can be incorporated into meta-

analyses using corresponding odds ratios.

35 60(5):525-9 Brown DW, Anda RF, Felitti VJ.

Self-reported information and pharmacy claims

were comparable for lipid-lowering medication

exposure.

36 60(5):518-24 Landi F, Onder G, Carpenter I, Cesari

M, Soldato M, Bernabei R.

Physical activity prevented functional decline

among frail community-living elderly subjects in

an international observational study.

37 60(5):502-11 Wodchis WP, Maxwell CJ, Venturini A,

Walker JD, Zhang J, Hogan DB, Feeny

DF.

Study of observed and self-reported HRQL in

older frail adults found group-level congruence

and individual-level differences.

38 60(5):461-8 Rabe C, Lehnert-Batar A, Gefeller O.

Generalized approaches to partitioning the

attributable risk of interacting risk factors can

remedy existing pitfalls.

39 60(5):456-60 Mills E, Heels-Ansdell D, Kelly S, Guyatt

A randomized trial of Pegaptanib sodium for age-

related macular degeneration used an innovative

design to explore disease-modifying effects.

40 60(4):417-24 Edwards P, Fernandes J, Roberts I,

Kuppermann N.

Young men were at risk of becoming lost to

follow-up in a cohort of head-injured adults.

41 60(4):410-6 Aujesky D, Long JA, Fine MJ, Ibrahim

SA.

African American race was associated with an

increased risk of complications following venous

thromboembolism.

42 60(4):389-96 Lederman J, Ballard J, Njike VY,

Margolies L, Katz DL.

Information given to postmenopausal women on

coronary computed tomography may influence

cardiac risk reduction efforts.

43 60(4):361-5 Hocine MN, Tubert-Bitter P, Moreau T,

Chavance M, Varon E, Guillemot D.

Relative-risk ratio was a useful measure of

differential association in cohort and case-series

studies.

44 60(4):350-5 Onland-Moret NC, van der A DL, van

der Schouw YT, Buschers W, Elias SG,

van Gils CH, Koerselman J, Roest M,

Grobbee DE, Peeters PH.

Analysis of case-cohort data: a comparison of

different methods.

45 60(3):309-17 Smith TC, Wingard DL, Smith B, Kritz-

Silverstein D, Barrett-Connor E.

Walking decreased risk of cardiovascular disease

mortality in older adults with diabetes.

46 60(3):294-9 Lo Re V 3rd, Frank I, Gross R,

Synnestvedt M, Localio AR, Kostman

JR, Strom BL.

Self-reported hepatitis B and C virus infections

had low sensitivity among HIV-infected patients.

47 60(3):260-7 Schultz-Larsen K, Lomholt RK, Kreiner

Mini-Mental Status Examination: a short form of

MMSE was as accurate as the original MMSE in

predicting dementia.

48 60(2):192-201 Riddle JR, Smith TC, Smith B, Corbeil

TE, Engel CC, Wells TS, Hoge CW,

Adkins J, Zamorski M, Blazer D; for the

Millennium Cohort Study Team.

Millennium Cohort: the 2001-2003 baseline

prevalence of mental disorders in the U.S.

military.

49 60(2):176-80 Godley PA, Carpenter WR.

Case-control prostate cancer screening studies

should not exclude subjects with lower urinary

tract symptoms.

50 60(2):163-70 Schmitz N, Kruse J.

The SF-36 summary scores and their relation to

mental disorders: physical functioning may affect

performance of the summary scores.

51 60(2):155-62 Gedeborg R, Furebring M, Michaëlsson

Diagnosis-dependent misclassification of

infections using administrative data variably

affected incidence and mortality estimates in ICU

patients.

52 60(2):142-54 Stukenborg GJ, Wagner DP, Harrell FE

Jr, Oliver MN, Heim SW, Price AL, Han

CK, Wolf AM, Connors AF Jr.

Present-at-admission diagnoses improved

mortality risk adjustment among acute myocardial

infarction patients.

53 60(2):133-41 Burke V, Beilin LJ, Cutt HE, Mansour J,

Williams A, Mori TA.

A lifestyle program for treated hypertensives

improved health-related behaviors and

cardiovascular risk factors, a randomized

controlled trial.

54 60(1):79-85 Naeim A, Keeler EB, Reuben D.

Perceived causes of disability added prognostic

value beyond medical conditions and functional

status.

55 60(1):56-67 Halfon P, Eggli Y, Matter M, Kallay C,

van Melle G, Burnand B.

Risk-adjusted rates for potentially avoidable

reoperations were computed from routine

hospital data.

56 60(1):50-5 Zhang Y, Chaisson CE, McAlindon T,

Woods R, Hunter DJ, Niu J, Neogi T,

Felson DT.

The online case-crossover study is a novel

approach to study triggers for recurrent disease

flares.

Lancet – Ano: 2007

Nº Vol/Pg Autores Título

1 370: 2167–69 Saif-ur-Rehman, Rasoul MZ, Wodak A,

Claeson M, Friedman J, Sayed GD.

Responding to HIV in Afghanistan.

2 370: 2020–29 Quasar Collaborative Group, Gray R,

Barnwell J, McConkey C, Hills RK,

Williams NS, Kerr DJ.

Adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation in

patients with colorectal cancer: a randomised

study.

3 370: 1915–22 Addolorato G, Leggio L, Ferrulli A,

Cardone S, Vonghia L, Mirijello A,

Abenavoli L, D'Angelo C, Caputo F,

Zambon A, Haber PS, Gasbarrini G.

Effectiveness and safety of baclofen for

maintenance of alcohol abstinence in alcohol-

dependent patients with liver cirrhosis:

randomised, double-blind controlled study.

4 370: 1888–89 Kenealy T, Elley CR, Arroll B. Screening for diabetes and prediabetes.

5 370: 1811–13 Dandona L, Dandona R. Drop of HIV estimate for India to less than half.

6 370: 1986–87 Horton R. Managing risk: identifying environmental causes

of disease.

7 370: 1773–79 Sørensen HT, Horvath-Puho E,

Pedersen L, Baron JA, Prandoni P.

Venous thromboembolism and subsequent

hospitalisation due to acute arterial

cardiovascular events: a 20-year cohort study.

8 370: 1746–48 Fusar-Poli P, Valmaggia L, McGuire P. Can antidepressants prevent psychosis?

9 370: 1674–76 Lin OS. Clinical update: postpolypectomy colonoscopy

surveillance.

10 370: 1672–73 Goldacre B. Benefits and risks of homoeopathy.

11 370: 1622–28 Barreto ML, Genser B, Strina A, Teixeira

MG, Assis AM, Rego RF, Teles CA,

Prado MS, Matos SM, Santos DN, dos

Santos LA, Cairncross S.

1Effect of city-wide sanitation programme on

reduction in rate of childhood diarrhoea in

northeast Brazil: assessment by two cohort

studies.

12 370: 1552–59 Brunner-La Rocca HP, Kaiser C,

Bernheim A, Zellweger MJ, Jeger R,

Buser PT, Osswald S, Pfisterer M;

BASKET Investigators.

1Cost-effectiveness of drug-eluting stents in

patients at high or low risk of major cardiac

events in the Basel Stent KostenEffektivitäts Trial

(BASKET): an 18-month analysis.

13 370: 1494–99 Altman D, Granath F, Cnattingius S,

Falconer C.

Hysterectomy and risk of stress-urinary-

incontinence surgery: nationwide cohort study.

14 370: 1462–63 Magos A. Does hysterectomy cause urinary incontinence?

15 370: 1401–03 Currey B, Quamruzzaman Q, Rahman

Can the WHO Ministerial Forum lead to the

eradication of TB?

16 370: 1329–37 Filippi V, Ganaba R, Baggaley RF,

Marshall T, Storeng KT, Sombié I,

Ouattara F, Ouedraogo T, Akoum M,

Meda N.

Health of women after severe obstetric

complications in Burkina Faso: a longitudinal

study.

17 370: 1320–28 Chowdhury ME, Botlero R, Koblinsky M,

Saha SK, Dieltiens G, Ronsmans C.

Determinants of reduction in maternal mortality in

Matlab, Bangladesh: a 30-year cohort study.

18 370: 1432–42 Rothwell PM, Giles MF, Chandratheva

A, Marquardt L, Geraghty O, Redgrave

JN, Lovelock CE, Binney LE, Bull LM,

Cuthbertson FC, Welch SJ, Bosch S,

Alexander FC, Silver LE, Gutnikov SA,

Mehta Z; Early use of Existing

Preventive Strategies for Stroke

(EXPRESS) study.

Effect of urgent treatment of transient ischaemic

attack and minor stroke on early recurrent stroke

(EXPRESS study): a prospective population-

based sequential comparison.

19 370: 1219–29 Boggia J, Li Y, Thijs L, Hansen TW,

Kikuya M, Björklund-Bodegård K,

Richart T, Ohkubo T, Kuznetsova T,

Torp-Pedersen C, Lind L, Ibsen H, Imai

Y, Wang J, Sandoya E, O'Brien E,

Staessen JA; International Database on

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in

relation to Cardiovascular Outcomes

(IDACO) investigators.

Prognostic accuracy of day versus night

ambulatory blood pressure: a cohort study.

20 370: 1146–52 Burns T, Catty J, Becker T, Drake RE,

Fioritti A, Knapp M, Lauber C, Rössler

W, Tomov T, van Busschbach J, White

S, Wiersma D; EQOLISE Group.

The effectiveness of supported employment for

people with severe mental illness: a randomised

controlled trial.

21 370: 1055–60 Patel V, Simbine AP, Soares IC, Weiss

HA, Wheeler E.

Prevalence of severe mental and neurological

disorders in Mozambique: a population-based

survey.

22 370: 1012–13 Arboleda-Flórez J. Severe mental and neurological disorders in

Mozambique.

23 370: 957–64 Gureje O, Kola L, Afolabi E. Epidemiology of major depressive disorder in

elderly Nigerians in the Ibadan Study of Ageing: a

community-based survey.

24 370: 851–58 Moussavi S, Chatterji S, Verdes E,

Tandon A, Patel V, Ustun B.

Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in

health: results from the World Health Surveys.

25 370: 841–50 Wang PS, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J,

Angermeyer MC, Borges G, Bromet EJ,

Bruffaerts R, de Girolamo G, de Graaf

R, Gureje O, Haro JM, Karam EG,

Kessler RC, Kovess V, Lane MC, Lee S,

Levinson D, Ono Y, Petukhova M,

Posada-Villa J, Seedat S, Wells JE.

Use of mental health services for anxiety, mood,

and substance disorders in 17 countries in the

WHO world mental health surveys.

26 370: 829–40 Patel A; ADVANCE Collaborative Group,

MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B,

Woodward M, Billot L, Harrap S, Poulter

N, Marre M, Cooper M, Glasziou P,

Grobbee DE, Hamet P, Heller S, Liu LS,

Mancia G, Mogensen CE, Pan CY,

Rodgers A, Williams B.

Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and

indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular

outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

(the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled

trial.

27 370: 797–99 Fabbri LM, Rabe KF. From COPD to chronic systemic inflammatory

syndrome?

28 370: 751–57 Yin P, Jiang CQ, Cheng KK, Lam TH,

Lam KH, Miller MR, Zhang WS, Thomas

GN, Adab P.

Passive smoking exposure and risk of COPD

among adults in China: the Guangzhou Biobank

Cohort Study.

29 370: 741–50 Buist AS, McBurnie MA, Vollmer WM,

Gillespie S, Burney P, Mannino DM,

Menezes AM, Sullivan SD, Lee TA,

Weiss KB, Jensen RL, Marks GB,

Gulsvik A, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E;

BOLD Collaborative Research Group.

International variation in the prevalence of COPD

(the BOLD Study): a population-based

prevalence study.

30 370: 720–23 Lindholm LH, Mendis S. Prevention of cardiovascular disease in

developing countries.

31 370: 676–84 Annane D, Vignon P, Renault A, Bollaert

PE, Charpentier C, Martin C, Troché G,

Ricard JD, Nitenberg G, Papazian L,

Azoulay E, Bellissant E; CATS Study

Group.

Norepinephrine plus dobutamine versus

epinephrine alone for management of septic

shock: a randomised trial.

32 370: 667–75 Mozaffarian D, Marfisi R, Levantesi G,

Silletta MG, Tavazzi L, Tognoni G,

Valagussa F, Marchioli R.

Incidence of new-onset diabetes and impaired

fasting glucose in patients with recent myocardial

infarction and the effect of clinical and lifestyle

risk factors.

33 370: 493–503 Mant J, Hobbs FD, Fletcher K, Roalfe A,

Fitzmaurice D, Lip GY, Murray E;

BAFTA investigators; Midland Research

Practices Network (MidReC).

Warfarin versus aspirin for stroke prevention in

an elderly community population with atrial

fibrillation (the Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation

Treatment of the Aged Study, BAFTA): a

randomised controlled trial.

34 370: 336–41 Kogevinas M, Zock JP, Jarvis D,

Kromhout H, Lillienberg L, Plana E,

Radon K, Torén K, Alliksoo A, Benke G,

Blanc PD, Dahlman-Hoglund A, D'Errico

A, Héry M, Kennedy S, Kunzli N,

Leynaert B, Mirabelli MC, Muniozguren

N, Norbäck D, Olivieri M, Payo F, Villani

S, van Sprundel M, Urrutia I, Wieslander

G, Sunyer J, Antó JM.

Exposure to substances in the workplace and

new-onset asthma: an international prospective

population-based study (ECRHS-II).

35 370: 300–01 Nash R. Health-care workers in influenza pandemics.

36 370: 299–300 Neuberger J, Gimson A. Selfless adults and split donor livers.

37 370: 123–24 Shetty P. Mental-health services for children patchy in the

UK.

38 370: 17-18 Baleta A. A second chance for microbicides.

39 370: 12–14 Calmy A, Hirschel B, Cooper DA, Carr

Clinical update: adverse effects of antiretroviral

therapy.

40 369: 2059–61 Zimmet P, Alberti G, Kaufman F, Tajima

N, Silink M, Arslanian S, Wong G,

Bennett P, Shaw J, Caprio S;

International Diabetes Federation Task

Force on Epidemiology and Prevention

of Diabetes.

The metabolic syndrome in children and

adolescents.

41 369: 2021–29 Osei-Atweneboana MY, Eng JK, Boakye

DA, Gyapong JO, Prichard RK.

Prevalence and intensity of Onchocerca volvulus

infection and efficacy of ivermectin in endemic

communities in Ghana: a two-phase

epidemiological study.

42 369: 2001–09 Leon DA, Saburova L, Tomkins S,

Andreev E, Kiryanov N, McKee M,

Shkolnikov VM.

Hazardous alcohol drinking and premature

mortality in Russia: a population based case-

control study.

43 369: 1947–54 Eapen M, Rubinstein P, Zhang MJ,

Stevens C, Kurtzberg J, Scaradavou A,

Loberiza FR, Champlin RE, Klein JP,

Horowitz MM, Wagner JE.

Outcomes of transplantation of unrelated donor

umbilical cord blood and bone marrow in children

with acute leukaemia: a comparison study.

44 369: 1807–13 Radelet S, Siddiqi B. Global Fund grant programmes: an analysis of

evaluation scores.

45 369: 1799–806 Andang'o PE, Osendarp SJ, Ayah R,

West CE, Mwaniki DL, De Wolf CA,

Kraaijenhagen R, Kok FJ, Verhoef H.

Efficacy of iron-fortified whole maize flour on iron

status of schoolchildren in Kenya: a randomised

controlled trial.

46 369: 1762-62 Bramkamp M, Rock T, Schneemann M,

Binggeli C, Kucher N.

Radiotherapy and the heart.

47 369: 1724–30 Edgren G, et al. Risk of cancer after blood transfusion from

donors with subclinical cancer: a retrospective

cohort study.

48 369: 1703–10 Beral V; Million Women Study

Collaborators, Bull D, Green J, Reeves

Ovarian cancer and hormone replacement

therapy in the Million Women Study.

49 370: 1592-92 McCarthy M. Drug-resistant gonorrhoeae spread in the USA.

50 369: 1621–26 Chan FK, Wong VW, Suen BY, Wu JC,

Ching JY, Hung LC, Hui AJ, Leung VK,

Lee VW, Lai LH, Wong GL, Chow DK,

To KF, Leung WK, Chiu PW, Lee YT,

Lau JY, Chan HL, Ng EK, Sung JJ.

Combination of a cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor and

a proton-pump inhibitor for prevention of

recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients at very high

risk: a double-blind, randomised trial.

51 369: 2010–14 Gartner CE, Hall WD, Vos T, Bertram

MY, Wallace AL, Lim SS.

Assessment of Swedish snus for tobacco harm

reduction: an epidemiological modelling study.

52 369: 2015–20 Luo J, Ye W, Zendehdel K, Adami J,

Adami HO, Boffetta P, Nyrén O.

Oral use of Swedish moist snuff (snus) and risk

for cancer of the mouth, lung, and pancreas in

male construction workers: a retrospective cohort

study.

53 369: 1528–34 Griffiths C, Sturdy P, Brewin P,

Bothamley G, Eldridge S, Martineau A,

MacDonald M, Ramsay J, Tibrewal S,

Levi S, Zumla A, Feder G.

Educational outreach to promote screening for

tuberculosis in primary care: a cluster

randomised controlled trial.

54 369: 1496–97 Hemelaar J. Minimising risk in first-in-man trials.

55 369: 1440–51 McNally LM, Jeena PM, Gajee K, Thula

SA, Sturm AW, Cassol S, Tomkins AM,

Coovadia HM, Goldblatt D.

Effect of age, polymicrobial disease, and

maternal HIV status on treatment response and

cause of severe pneumonia in South African

children: a prospective descriptive study.

56 369: 1356-62 Grassly NC, Wenger J, Durrani S, Bahl

S, Deshpande JM, Sutter RW, Heymann

DL, Aylward RB.

Protective efficacy of a monovalent oral type 1

poliovirus vaccine: a case-control study.

57 369: 1347–55 Sherman DG, Albers GW, Bladin C,

Fieschi C, Gabbai AA, Kase CS,

O'Riordan W, Pineo GF; PREVAIL

Investigators.

The efficacy and safety of enoxaparin versus

unfractionated heparin for the prevention of

venous thromboembolism after acute ischaemic

stroke (PREVAIL Study): an open-label

randomised comparison.

58 369: 1328–29 Strandberg TE, Pitkälä KH. Frailty in elderly people.

59 369: 1322–23 Francis PT. Surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis in India.

60 369: 1270–76 Evans JT, Smith EG, Banerjee A, Smith

RM, Dale J, Innes JA, Hunt D, Tweddell

A, Wood A, Anderson C, Hewinson RG,

Smith NH, Hawkey PM, Sonnenberg P.

Cluster of human tuberculosis caused by

Mycobacterium bovis: evidence for person-to-

person transmission in the UK.

61 369: 1261–69 Grinsztejn B, Nguyen BY, Katlama C,

Gatell JM, Lazzarin A, Vittecoq D,

Gonzalez CJ, Chen J, Harvey CM,

Isaacs RD; Protocol 005 Team.

Safety and efficacy of the HIV-1 integrase

inhibitor raltegravir (MK-0518) in treatment-

experienced patients with multidrug-resistant

virus: a phase II randomised controlled trial.

62 369: 1243–43 Mahajan A. Do patients understand risk?

63 369: 1187–95 Sims EJ, Mugford M, Clark A, Aitken D,

McCormick J, Mehta G, Mehta A; UK

Cystic Fibrosis Database Steering

Committee.

Economic implications of newborn screening for

cystic fibrosis: a cost of illness retrospective

cohort study.

64 369: 1169–78 Clotet B, et al. Efficacy and safety of darunavir-ritonavir at week

48 in treatment-experienced patients with HIV-1

infection in POWER 1 and 2: a pooled subgroup

analysis of data from two randomised trials.

65 369: 1149–50 Mukherjee R, Eastman N, Turk J, Hollins

Fetal alcohol syndrome: law and ethics.

66 369: 1083–89 François B, et al. 12-h pretreatment with methylprednisolone

versus placebo for prevention of postextubation

laryngeal oedema: a randomised double-blind

trial.

67 369: 927–34 Sazawal S, Black RE, Ramsan M,

Chwaya HM, Dutta A, Dhingra U,

Stoltzfus RJ, Othman MK, Kabole FM.

Effect of zinc supplementation on mortality in

children aged 1-48 months: a community-based

randomised placebo-controlled trial.

68 369: 920–26 SOS-KANTO study group. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders

with chest compression only (SOS-KANTO): an

observational study.

69 369: 907–19 Stone GW, et al. Bivalirudin in patients with acute coronary

syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary

intervention: a subgroup analysis from the Acute

Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage

strategy (ACUITY) trial.

70 369: 836–43 Nadel S, et al. Drotrecogin alfa (activated) in children with

severe sepsis: a multicentre phase III

randomised controlled trial.

71 369: 729–29 Kapp C. XDR tuberculosis spreads across South Africa.

72 369: 750–56 Lipscombe LL, Hux JE. Trends in diabetes prevalence, incidence, and

mortality in Ontario, Canada 1995-2005: a

population-based study.

73 369: 691–96 Wang L, Liu J, Chin DP. Progress in tuberculosis control and the evolving

public-health system in China.

74 369: 643–56 Bailey RC, Moses S, Parker CB, Agot K,

Maclean I, Krieger JN, Williams CF,

Campbell RT, Ndinya-Achola JO.

Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young

men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled

trial.

75 369: 612–13 Mwaluko G, Wringe A, Todd J, Glynn

JR, Crampin AC, Jaffar S, Kalluvya S,

Zaba B.

Use of data from HIV counselling and testing

services for HIV surveillance in Africa.

76 369: 578–85 Hibbeln JR, Davis JM, Steer C, Emmett

P, Rogers I, Williams C, Golding J.

Maternal seafood consumption in pregnancy and

neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood

(ALSPAC study): an observational cohort study.

77 369: 381–88 Phrommintikul A, Haas SJ, Elsik M,

Krum H.

Mortality and target haemoglobin concentrations

in anaemic patients with chronic kidney disease

treated with erythropoietin: a meta-analysis.

78 369: 299–305 Candelise L, Gattinoni M, Bersano A,

Micieli G, Sterzi R, Morabito A; PROSIT

Study Group.

Stroke-unit care for acute stroke patients: an

observational follow-up study.

79 369: 283–92 Johnston SC, Rothwell PM, Nguyen-

Huynh MN, Giles MF, Elkins JS,

Bernstein AL, Sidney S.

Validation and refinement of scores to predict

very early stroke risk after transient ischaemic

attack.

80 369: 257–258 Zanetti R, Rosso S. Levodopa and the risk of melanoma.

81 369: 123–31 Conter V, Valsecchi MG, Silvestri D,

Campbell M, Dibar E, Magyarosy E,

Gadner H, Stary J, Benoit Y,

Zimmermann M, Reiter A, Riehm H,

Masera G, Schrappe M.

Pulses of vincristine and dexamethasone in

addition to intensive chemotherapy for children

with intermediate-risk acute lymphoblastic

leukaemia: a multicentre randomised trial.

82 369: 107–14 Brouilette SW, Moore JS, McMahon AD,

Thompson JR, Ford I, Shepherd J,

Packard CJ, Samani NJ; West of

Scotland Coronary Prevention Study

Group.

Telomere length, risk of coronary heart disease,

and statin treatment in the West of Scotland

Primary Prevention Study: a nested case-control

study.

83 369: 87–88 Nguyen T, Vazquez M, Toto R. Living kidney donation and hypertension risk.

84 369: 17–18 Wakabi W. Kenya's mixed HIV/AIDS response.

85 369: 60–70 Grantham-McGregor S, Cheung YB,

Cueto S, Glewwe P, Richter L, Strupp B;

International Child Development

Steering Group.

Developmental potential in the first 5 years for

children in developing countries.

86 369: 43–50 Platt MJ, Cans C, Johnson A, Surman

G, Topp M, Torrioli MG, Krageloh-Mann

Trends in cerebral palsy among infants of very

low birthweight (<1500 g) or born prematurely

(<32 weeks) in 16 European centres: a database

study.

87 369: 37–42 Wilcken B, Haas M, Joy P, Wiley V,

Chaplin M, Black C, Fletcher J, McGill J,

Boneh A.

87: Outcome of neonatal screening for medium-

chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in

Australia: a cohort study.

New England Journal of Medicine – Ano: 2007

Nº Vol/Pg Autores Título

1 357:2589-600 Lindenauer PK, Rothberg MB, Pekow

PS, Kenwood C, Benjamin EM,

Auerbach AD.

Outcomes of care by hospitalists, general

internists, and family physicians.

2 357:2441-50 Scarborough M, Gordon SB, Whitty CJ,

French N, Njalale Y, Chitani A, Peto TE,

Lalloo DG, Zijlstra EE.

Corticosteroids for bacterial meningitis in adults

in sub-Saharan Africa.

3 357:2431-40. Nguyen TH, et al. Dexamethasone in Vietnamese adolescents and

adults with bacterial meningitis.

4 357:2371-9 Bibbins-Domingo K, Coxson P, Pletcher

MJ, Lightwood J, Goldman L.

Adolescent overweight and future adult coronary

heart disease.

5 357:2338-47. Downs SH, et al. Reduced exposure to PM10 and attenuated age-

related decline in lung function.

6 357:2329-37 Baker JL, Olsen LW, Sørensen TI. Childhood body-mass index and the risk of

coronary heart disease in adulthood.

7 357:2262-8. Handke M, Harloff A, Olschewski M,

Hetzel A, Geibel A.

Patent foramen ovale and cryptogenic stroke in

older patients.

8 357:2143-52 Liou TG, Adler FR, Cox DR, Cahill BC. Lung transplantation and survival in children with

cystic fibrosis.

9 357:2028-39 Saag KG, Shane E, Boonen S, Marín F,

Donley DW, Taylor KA, Dalsky GP,

Marcus R.

Teriparatide or alendronate in glucocorticoid-

induced osteoporosis.

10 357:1893-1902 Schmidt B, Roberts RS, Davis P, Doyle

LW, Barrington KJ, Ohlsson A, Solimano

A, Tin W; Caffeine for Apnea of

Prematurity Trial Group.

Long-term effects of caffeine therapy for apnea of

prematurity.

11 357:1821-8. Vernooij MW, Ikram MA, Tanghe HL,

Vincent AJ, Hofman A, Krestin GP,

Niessen WJ, Breteler MM, van der Lugt

Incidental findings on brain MRI in the general

population.

12 357:e17. Nölte I, Brockmann MA. Images in clinical medicine. Magnetic resonance

imaging of retinal detachment.

13 357:1685-94. Victor JC, Monto AS, Surdina TY,

Suleimenova SZ, Vaughan G, Nainan

OV, Favorov MO, Margolis HS, Bell BP.

Hepatitis A vaccine versus immune globulin for

postexposure prophylaxis.

14 357:1487-95 Bisgaard H, Hermansen MN, Buchvald

F, Loland L, Halkjaer LB, Bønnelykke K,

Brasholt M, Heltberg A, Vissing NH,

Thorsen SV, Stage M, Pipper CB.

Childhood asthma after bacterial colonization of

the airway in neonates.

15 Okie S. The employer as health coach.

16 357:1393-402 Tu JV, Bowen J, Chiu M, Ko DT, Austin

PC, He Y, Hopkins R, Tarride JE,

Blackhouse G, Lazzam C, Cohen EA,

Goeree R.

Effectiveness and safety of drug-eluting stents in

Ontario.

17 357:1373-81 Nichol KL, Nordin JD, Nelson DB,

Mullooly JP, Hak E.

Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in the

community-dwelling elderly.

18 357:1301-10 Barter P, et al. HDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL

cholesterol, and cardiovascular events.

19 357:1210-20. Fonseca C, et al. A polymorphism in the CTGF promoter region

associated with systemic sclerosis.

20 357:1190-8 Wapner RJ, et al. Long-term outcomes after repeat doses of

antenatal corticosteroids.

21 357:1179-89. Crowther CA, Doyle LW, Haslam RR,

Hiller JE, Harding JE, Robinson JS;

ACTORDS Study Group.

Outcomes at 2 years of age after repeat doses of

antenatal corticosteroids.

22 357:1094-104. van Gogh Investigators, Buller HR,

Cohen AT, Davidson B, Decousus H,

Gallus AS, Gent M, Pillion G, Piovella F,

Prins MH, Raskob GE.

Idraparinux versus standard therapy for venous

thromboembolic disease.

23 357:1000-8. Sweeney MO, et al. Minimizing ventricular pacing to reduce atrial

fibrillation in sinus-node disease.

24 357:977-86. Remmers EF, et al. STAT4 and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis and

systemic lupus erythematosus.

25 357:965-76 Corwin HL, Gettinger A, Fabian TC, May

A, Pearl RG, Heard S, An R, Bowers PJ,

Burton P, Klausner MA, Corwin MJ;

EPO Critical Care Trials Group.

Efficacy and safety of epoetin alfa in critically ill

patients.

26 357:1199-209. Plenge RM, et al. TRAF1-C5 as a risk locus for rheumatoid

arthritis--a genomewide study.

27 357:874-84. SAFE Study Investigators; Australian

and New Zealand Intensive Care

Society Clinical Trials Group; Australian

Red Cross Blood Service; George

Institute for International Health,

Myburgh J, Cooper DJ, Finfer S,

Bellomo R, Norton R, Bishop N, Kai Lo

S, Vallance S.

Saline or albumin for fluid resuscitation in

patients with traumatic brain injury.

28 357:762-74. Lindau ST, Schumm LP, Laumann EO,

Levinson W, O'Muircheartaigh CA,

Waite LJ.

A study of sexuality and health among older

adults in the United States.

29 357:753-61. Adams TD, Gress RE, Smith SC,

Halverson RC, Simper SC, Rosamond

WD, Lamonte MJ, Stroup AM, Hunt SC.

Long-term mortality after gastric bypass surgery.

30 357:741-52 Sjöström L, et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in

Swedish obese subjects.

31 357:664-72. Slotman B, Faivre-Finn C, Kramer G,

Rankin E, Snee M, Hatton M, Postmus

P, Collette L, Musat E, Senan S;

EORTC Radiation Oncology Group and

Lung Cancer Group.

Prophylactic cranial irradiation in extensive small-

cell lung cancer.

32 357:648-53. Virk J, Zhang J, Olsen J. Medical abortion and the risk of subsequent

adverse pregnancy outcomes.

33 357:7. Avorn J. Keeping science on top in drug evaluation.

34 357:562-71. Shuaib A, Lees KR, Lyden P, Grotta J,

Davalos A, Davis SM, Diener HC,

Ashwood T, Wasiewski WW, Emeribe U;

SAINT II Trial Investigators.

NXY-059 for the treatment of acute ischemic

stroke.

35 357:535-44. Manco-Johnson MJ, et al. Prophylaxis versus episodic treatment to prevent

joint disease in boys with severe hemophilia.

36 357:470-6. Marijon E, Ou P, Celermajer DS,

Ferreira B, Mocumbi AO, Jani D, Paquet

C, Jacob S, Sidi D, Jouven X.

Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease detected

by echocardiographic screening.

37 357:462-9. Fonseca EB, Celik E, Parra M, Singh M,

Nicolaides KH; Fetal Medicine

Foundation Second Trimester Screening

Group.

Progesterone and the risk of preterm birth among

women with a short cervix.

38 357:454-61. Rouse DJ, et al. A trial of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate

to prevent prematurity in twins.

39 357:775-88. Dunckley T, et al. Whole-genome analysis of sporadic amyotrophic

lateral sclerosis.

40 357:851-62. International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics

Consortium, Hafler DA, Compston A,

Sawcer S, Lander ES, Daly MJ, De

Jager PL, de Bakker PI, Gabriel SB,

Mirel DB, Ivinson AJ, Pericak-Vance

MA, Gregory SG, Rioux JD, McCauley

JL, Haines JL, Barcellos LF, Cree B,

Oksenberg JR, Hauser SL.

Risk alleles for multiple sclerosis identified by a

genomewide study.

41 357:370-9 Christakis NA, Fowler JH. The spread of obesity in a large social network

over 32 years.

42 357:360-9 Kerr DJ, Dunn JA, Langman MJ, Smith

JL, Midgley RS, Stanley A, Stokes JC,

Julier P, Iveson C, Duvvuri R, McConkey

CC; VICTOR Trial Group.

Rofecoxib and cardiovascular adverse events in

adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer.

43 357:349-59. Tsai TT, et al. Partial thrombosis of the false lumen in patients

with acute type B aortic dissection.

44 357:217-27. Warfarin Antiplatelet Vascular

Evaluation Trial Investigators, Anand S,

Yusuf S, Xie C, Pogue J, Eikelboom J,

Budaj A, Sussex B, Liu L, Guzman R,

Cina C, Crowell R, Keltai M, Gosselin G.

Oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy and

peripheral arterial disease.

45 357:443-53. Samani NJ, et al. Genomewide association analysis of coronary

artery disease.

46 357:553-61. Yates JR, et al. Complement C3 variant and the risk of age-

related macular degeneration.

47 357:639-47. Stefansson H, et al. A genetic risk factor for periodic limb movements

in sleep.

48 357:143-53. McWilliams JM, Meara E, Zaslavsky AM,

Ayanian JZ.

Use of health services by previously uninsured

Medicare beneficiaries.

49 357:135-42. De Wals P, et al. Reduction in neural-tube defects after folic acid

fortification in Canada.

50 357:124-34. Shiffman ML, et al.. Peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for 16 or 24

weeks in HCV genotype 2 or 3.

51 357:115-23. Rennert G, Bisland-Naggan S, Barnett-

Griness O, Bar-Joseph N, Zhang S,

Rennert HS, Narod SA.

Clinical outcomes of breast cancer in carriers of

BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.

52 357(2):111-3 Lee TH, Torchiana DF, Lock JE. Is zero the ideal death rate?

53 356:2684-92 Alwan S, Reefhuis J, Rasmussen SA,

Olney RS, Friedman JM; National Birth

Defects Prevention Study.

Use of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in

pregnancy and the risk of birth defects.

54 356:2675-83. Louik C, Lin AE, Werler MM,

Hernández-Díaz S, Mitchell AA.

First-trimester use of selective serotonin-reuptake

inhibitors and the risk of birth defects.

55 356:2591-602. Manson JE, et al. Estrogen therapy and coronary-artery

calcification.

56 356:2582-90. Kyle RA, et al. Clinical course and prognosis of smoldering

(asymptomatic) multiple myeloma.

57 356:2446 Khuri FR. Weighing the hazards of erythropoiesis

stimulation in patients with cancer.

58 356:2388-98. Ford ES, Ajani UA, Croft JB, Critchley

JA, Labarthe DR, Kottke TE, Giles WH,

Capewell S.

Explaining the decrease in U.S. deaths from

coronary disease, 1980-2000.

59 356:2361-71. Lachmann HJ, Goodman HJ, Gilbertson

JA, Gallimore JR, Sabin CA, Gillmore

JD, Hawkins PN.

Natural history and outcome in systemic AA

amyloidosis.

60 357:28-38. Home PD, Pocock SJ, Beck-Nielsen H,

Gomis R, Hanefeld M, Jones NP,

Komajda M, McMurray JJ; RECORD

Study Group.

Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular

outcomes--an interim analysis.

61 356:2165-75 Phibbs CS, Baker LC, Caughey AB,

Danielsen B, Schmitt SK, Phibbs RH.

Level and volume of neonatal intensive care and

mortality in very-low-birth-weight infants.

62 356:2156-64. Stiell IG, Spaite DW, Field B, Nesbitt LP,

Munkley D, Maloney J, Dreyer J, Toohey

LL, Campeau T, Dagnone E, Lyver M,

Wells GA; OPALS Study Group.

Advanced life support for out-of-hospital

respiratory distress.

63 356:2131-42. Chan AT, Ogino S, Fuchs CS. Aspirin and the risk of colorectal cancer in

relation to the expression of COX-2.

64 356:2457-71. Nissen SE, Wolski K. Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial

infarction and death from cardiovascular causes.

65 356(20):2083-91 Wechsler ME, Shepard JA, Mark EJ. Case records of the Massachusetts General

Hospital. Case 15-2007. A 20-year-old woman

with asthma and cardiorespiratory arrest.

66 356:1944-56. D'Souza G, Kreimer AR, Viscidi R,

Pawlita M, Fakhry C, Koch WM, Westra

WH, Gillison ML.

Case-control study of human papillomavirus and

oropharyngeal cancer.

67 356:2343 Friedman RA, Leon AC. Expanding the black box - depression,

antidepressants, and the risk of suicide.

68 356:1835-41. Pettersson A, Richiardi L, Nordenskjold

A, Kaijser M, Akre O.

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81 356:1089 Steinbrook R. HIV in India--a complex epidemic.

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Revista da Saúde Publica – Ano: 2007

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2 41 Suppl 2:57-63 Marchesini AM, Prá-Baldi ZP, Mesquita

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3 41 Suppl 2:47-56 Brito VO, Parra D, Facchini R, Buchalla

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4 41 Suppl 2:31-8 d'Oliveira AF, Couto MT, Cardoso MA. Women living with HIV/AIDS who are sexual

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5 41(6):1032-41 Freitas FR, Sato HK, Aranda CM,

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6 41(6):1003-12 Ribeiro de Carvalho AB, Jamusse de

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Validity of self-reported diabetes and its

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9 41 Suppl 1:15-23 Bierrenbach AL, Duarte EC, Gomes AB,

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Mortality trends due to tuberculosis in Brazil,

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10 41(6):1062-4 Nejar KA, Benseñor IM, Lotufo PA.

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11 41(5):830-8 Celeste RK, Nadanovsky P, De Leon

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12 41(5):797-807 Schraiber LB, D'Oliveira AF, França-

Junior I, Diniz S, Portella AP, Ludermir

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Prevalence of intimate partner violence against

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13 41(5):788-96 Sarno F, Monteiro CA.

Relative importance of body mass index and

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14 41(5):777-87 Höfelmann DA, Blank N.

Self-rated health among industrial workers in

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15 41(5):769-76 Veloso IS, Santana VS, Oliveira NF.

The Brazilian Workers' Food Program and its

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16 41(5):749-56 Siqueira FV, Facchini LA, Piccini RX,

Tomasi E, Thumé E, Silveira DS, Vieira

V, Hallal PC.

Prevalence of falls and associated factors in the

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17 41(5):740-8 Frazão P, Naveira M.

Factors associated with low bone mineral density

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18 41(5):732-9 Catani DB, Hugo FN, Cypriano S, Sousa

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Relationship between fluoride levels in the public

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19 41(5):726-31 Garcia de Goulart BN, Chiari BM.

Prevalence of speech disorders in schoolchildren

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20 41(5):711-8 Araújo de França GV, Brunken GS, da

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Breast feeding determinants on the first year of

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21 41(5):695-703 Moraes CL, Reichenheim ME. Screening for alcohol use by pregnant women of

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22 41(6):1058-61 Duailibi S, Pinsky I, Laranjeira R. Prevalence of drinking and driving in a city of

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Risk adjustment measures for mortality after hip

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24 41(4):582-90 Doubova Dubova SV, Pámanes-

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Partner violence against pregnant women in

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25 41(4):573-81 Caputo VG, Bordin IA.

Mental health problems among pregnant and

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26 41(4):539-48 Assunção MC, Santos IS, Barros AJ,

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Effect of iron fortification of flour on anemia in

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27 41(4):530-8 Borges LM, Peres MA, Horta BL.

Prevalence of high blood pressure among

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28 41(4):517-22 Iglesias V, Cavada G, Silva C, Cáceres

Early tobacco and alcohol consumption as

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29 41(4):510-6 Ratto LR, Menezes PR, Gulinelli A.

Prevalence of tobacco use in individuals with

severe mental illnesses, São Paulo, Brazil.

30 41(4):502-9 Barros MB, Botega NJ, Dalgalarrondo P,

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Prevalence of alcohol abuse and associated

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31 41(3):396-403 Vieira DL, Ribeiro M, Romano M,

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Alcohol and adolescents: study to implement

municipal policies

32 41(3):359-67 Schraiber LB, D'Oliveira AF, Couto MT,

Hanada H, Kiss LB, Durand JG, Puccia

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Violence against women attending public health

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33 41(3):351-8 Macedo SE, Menezes AM, Albernaz E,

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Risk factors for acute respiratory disease

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34 41(3):343-50 Peres KG, Barros AJ, Peres MA, Victora

CG.

Effects of breastfeeding and sucking habits on

malocclusion in a birth cohort study.

35 41(3):336-42 Neutzling MB, Araújo CL, Vieira Mde F,

Hallal PC, Menezes AM.

Frequency of high-fat and low-fiber diets among

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36 41(3):328-35 Assunção MC, Santos Ida S, Barros AJ,

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Anemia in children under six: population-based

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37 41(2):173-80 Domingues MR, Barros AJ.

Leisure-time physical activity during pregnancy in

the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study.

38 41(2):290-3 Nascimento EC, Nascimento E, Silva

Jde P.

Alcohol and amphetamines use among long-

distance truck drivers.

39 41(2):251-9 Ferriolli SH, Marturano EM, Puntel LP.

Family context and child mental health problems

in the Family Health Program

40 41(2):229-35 Ciorlia LA, Zanetta DM.

Hepatitis C in health care professionals:

prevalence and association with risk factors

41 41(2):317-320 Superintendência de Controle de

Endemias, Secretaria de Estado da

Saúde de São Paulo.

Integrated management for the prevention of

proliferation of dengue and leishmaniosis vectors

and scorpions

42 41(2):205-13 Paixão LM, Gontijo ED.

Profile of notified tuberculosis cases and factors

associated with treatment dropout

43 41(1):131-8 Joia LC, Ruiz T, Donalisio MR.

Life satisfaction among elderly population in the

city of Botucatu, Southern Brazil

44 41(1):124-30 Fleck MP, Wagner L, Wagner M, Dias

Long-stay patients in a psychiatric hospital in

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45 41(1):108-15 Rozenfeld S.

Drug adverse events in hospitals in the State of

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

46 41(1):94-100 Nascimento LF, Batista GT, Dias NW,

Catelani CS, Becker D, Rodrigues L.

Spatial analysis of neonatal mortality in Paraíba

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47 41(1):69-75 Azevedo MR, Araújo CL, Cozzensa da

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Tracking of physical activity from adolescence to

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48 41(1):61-8 Camargo BV, Botelho LJ.

AIDS, sexuality and attitude of adolescents about

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49 41(1):35-43 Furquim de Almeida M, Alencar GP,

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50 41(1):27-34 Castilho-Pelloso MP, Falavigna DL,

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Suspected acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant

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51 41(1):19-26 Marchioni DM, Fisberg RM, Francisco

de Góis Filho J, Kowalski LP, Brasilino

de Carvalho M, Abrahão M, Latorre Mdo

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Dietary patterns and risk of oral cancer: a case-

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52 41(1):13-8 Horta BL, Victora CG, Gigante DP,

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53 41(1):5-12 Scanferla de Siqueira R, Monteiro CA.

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2 168(11):1247-54. Hearst MO, Oakes JM, Johnson PJ. The effect of racial residential segregation on

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3 168(12):1452-9. Crawford SL, Avis NE, Gold E, Johnston

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4 168(12):1397-408. Analitis A, Katsouyanni K, Biggeri A,

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5 168(12):1367-73. Shankar A, Koh WP, Yuan JM, Lee HP,

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6 168(12):1433-43. DiBello JR, Kraft P, McGarvey ST,

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7 168(12):1409-15. Shikata K, Doi Y, Yonemoto K, Arima H,

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8 168(11):1268-76. Durkin MS, Maenner MJ, Newschaffer

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9 168(11):1292-300. Kim S, Martin C, Galanko J, Woosley

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10 168(12):1416-24. Kristal AR, Schenk JM, Song Y, Arnold

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11 168(12):1381-8. Logroscino G, Gao X, Chen H, Wing A,

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12 168(12):1353-64. Stranges S, Dorn JM, Shipley MJ,

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14 168(11):1311-8. Sun R, Gu D. Air pollution, economic development of

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15 168(10):1153-60 Tamariz LJ, Young JH, Pankow JS, Yeh

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16 168(12):1389-96. Omer SB, Enger KS, Moulton LH,

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17 168(10):1099-109. Hagan H, Pouget ER, Des Jarlais DC,

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20 168(11):1319-25. Weiss JM, Lacey JV Jr, Shu XO, Ji BT,

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21 168(11):1277-83. Hviid A, Melbye M. Measles-mumps-rubella vaccination and asthma-

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24 168(11):1259-67. Slickers JE, Olshan AF, Siega-Riz AM,

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25 168(10):1179-89. Beydoun MA, Lhotsky A, Wang Y, Dal

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26 168(10):1169-78. Merzenich H, Schmiedel S, Bennack S,

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27 168(10):1161-8. Puett RC, Schwartz J, Hart JE, Yanosky

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28 168(10):1145-52. Roza SJ, Steegers EA, Verburg BO,

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29 168(7):810-5. Comstock GW, Meyer MB, Helsing KJ,

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30 168(7):796-801. Shahar E, et al. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated acids and smoking-

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31 168(9):1016-23. Rampersaud E, Bielak LF, Parsa A,

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32 168(9):1065-72. Aamodt G, Bukholm G, Jahnsen J,

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35 168(9):995-1007. Sharma AJ, Cogswell ME, Li R. Dose-response associations between maternal

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36 168(9):1008-15. Li L, Hardy R, Kuh D, Lo Conte R,

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37 168(7):794-5. Samet JM. George W. Comstock's contributions to

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38 168(9):1073-81. Knol MJ, Vandenbroucke JP, Scott P,

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39 168(9):1024-34. Wright ME, Park Y, Subar AF,

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40 168(9):1035-46. Aldrich MC, et al. Comparison of statistical methods for estimating

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41 168(8):906-14. Cheng NF, Han PZ, Gansky SA. Methods and software for estimating health

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43 168(8):897-905 Lambers Heerspink HJ, Brantsma AH,

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44 168(8):966-73. Hallas J, Bjerrum L, Støvring H,

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45 168(8):915-24. Blackmore KM, Lesosky M, Barnett H,

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46 168(10):1119-25;

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48 168(8):938-45. Bertone-Johnson ER, Hankinson SE,

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49 168(8):925-31. Murtola TJ, Tammela TL, Lahtela J,

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ionizing radiation

57 168(5):532-40. Jarrin I, Geskus R, Bhaskaran K, Prins

M, Perez-Hoyos S, Muga R, Hernández-

Aguado I, Meyer L, Porter K, del Amo J;

CASCADE Collaboration.

Gender differences in HIV progression to AIDS

and death in industrialized countries

58 168(5):497-505. Song YM, Sung J. Adult height and the risk of mortality in South

Korean women.

59 168(5):522-31. Gilman SE, Gardener H, Buka SL. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and

children's cognitive and physical development

60 168(5):541-7. Shi M, Umbach DM, Vermeulen SH,

Weinberg CR.

Making the most of case-mother/control-mother

studies.

61 168(5):514-21. Joyce SJ, Cook A, Newnham J, Brenters

M, Ferguson C, Weinstein P.

Water disinfection by-products and pre-labor

rupture of membranes.

62 168(4):412-21. McCormack VA, Perry N, Vinnicombe

SJ, Silva Idos S.

Ethnic variations in mammographic density

63 168(5):481-91;

discussion 492-6.

Nielsen NR, Kristensen TS, Schnohr P,

Grønbaek M.

Perceived stress and cause-specific mortality

among men and women

64 168(4):391-403. Inoue M, Yamamoto S, Kurahashi N,

Iwasaki M, Sasazuki S, Tsugane S;

Japan Public Health Center-based

Prospective Study Group.

Daily total physical activity level and total cancer

risk in men and women

65 168(4):454-60. Meyer HE, Søgaard AJ, Falch JA,

Jørgensen L, Emaus N.

Weight change over three decades and the risk

of osteoporosis in men

66 168(4):434-42. Ryan MA, Smith TC, Sevick CJ, Honner

WK, Loach RA, Moore CA, Erickson JD.

Birth defects among infants born to women who

received anthrax vaccine in pregnancy.

67 168(3):289-97. Vinikoor LC, et al. Consumption of trans-fatty acid and its

association with colorectal adenomas.

68 168(4):366-73. Harder T, Plagemann A, Harder A. Birth weight and subsequent risk of childhood

primary brain tumors

69 168(4):443-53. Wong E, Freiberg M, Tracy R, Kuller L. Epidemiology of cytokines

70 168(4):461-8. Nagel CL, Carlson NE, Bosworth M,

Michael YL.

The relation between neighborhood built

environment and walking activity among older

adults.

71 168(4):427-33. Ness RB, Zhang J, Bass D, Klebanoff

MA.

Interactions between smoking and weight in

pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and

small-for-gestational-age birth.

72 168(3):250-60. Agalliu I, Salinas CA, Hansten PD,

Ostrander EA, Stanford JL.

Statin use and risk of prostate cancer

73 168(4):358-65. Ponsonby AL, Pezic A, Ellis J, Morley R,

Cameron F, Carlin J, Dwyer T.

Variation in associations between allelic variants

of the vitamin D receptor gene and onset of type

1 diabetes mellitus by ambient winter ultraviolet

radiation levels

74 168(4):404-11. Sprague BL, Trentham-Dietz A, Egan

KM, Titus-Ernstoff L, Hampton JM,

Newcomb PA.

Proportion of invasive breast cancer attributable

to risk factors modifiable after menopause.

75 168(3):345-52. Shrout PE, Alegría M, Canino G,

Guarnaccia PJ, Vega WA, Duan N, Cao

Testing language effects in psychiatric

epidemiology surveys with randomized

experiments

76 168(3):278-88. Lee JS, Bracci PM, Holly EA. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in women

77 168(3):321-8. Kumarapeli V, Seneviratne Rde A,

Wijeyaratne CN, Yapa RM,

Dodampahala SH.

A simple screening approach for assessing

community prevalence and phenotype of

polycystic ovary syndrome in a semi-urban

population in Sri Lanka.

78 168(3):268-77. Adams KF, Leitzmann MF, Albanes D,

Kipnis V, Moore SC, Schatzkin A, Chow

WH.

Body size and renal cell cancer incidence in a

large US cohort study.

79 168(1):38-48. Reedy J, Mitrou PN, Krebs-Smith SM,

Wirfält E, Flood A, Kipnis V, Leitzmann

M, Mouw T, Hollenbeck A, Schatzkin A,

Subar AF.

Index-based dietary patterns and risk of

colorectal cancer

80 168(2):202-11. Hewett PC, Mensch BS, Ribeiro MC,

Jones HE, Lippman SA, Montgomery

MR, van de Wijgert JH.

Using sexually transmitted infection biomarkers

to validate reporting of sexual behavior within a

randomized, experimental evaluation of

interviewing methods.

81 168(3):261-7. Bertelsen L, Mellemkjaer L, Balslev E,

Olsen JH.

Benign breast disease among first-degree

relatives of young breast cancer patients.

82 168(3):311-20. Minhas V, Crabtree KL, Chao A, M'soka

TJ, Kankasa C, Bulterys M, Mitchell CD,

Wood C.

Early childhood infection by human herpesvirus 8

in Zambia and the role of human

immunodeficiency virus type 1 coinfection in a

highly endemic area.

83 168(3):329-35. Suissa S. Immeasurable time bias in observational studies

of drug effects on mortality.

84 168(2):212-24. Zou GY. On the estimation of additive interaction by use of

the four-by-two table and beyond.

85 168(2):170-8. Metsälä J, Kilkkinen A, Kaila M,

Tapanainen H, Klaukka T, Gissler M,

Virtanen SM.

Perinatal factors and the risk of asthma in

childhood--a population-based register study in

Finland.

86 168(2):188-96. Brotman RM, Klebanoff MA, Nansel TR,

Andrews WW, Schwebke JR, Zhang J,

Yu KF, Zenilman JM, Scharfstein DO.

A longitudinal study of vaginal douching and

bacterial vaginosis--a marginal structural

modeling analysis.

87 168(2):197-201. Wang LY, Lee WC. Population stratification bias in the case-only

study for gene-environment interactions.

88 168(4):422-6. Mikolajczyk RT, Zhang J, Ford J, Grewal

Effects of interpregnancy interval on blood

pressure in consecutive pregnancies.

89 167(12):1504-10 Mezei G, Spinelli JJ, Wong P, Borugian

M, McBride ML.

Assessment of selection bias in the Canadian

case-control study of residential magnetic field

exposure and childhood leukemia.

90 168(1):105-14. Pandeya N, Williams GM, Sadhegi S,

Green AC, Webb PM, Whiteman DC.

Associations of duration, intensity, and quantity of

smoking with adenocarcinoma and squamous

cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

91 168(2):158-69. Kabat GC, Kim M, Hunt JR, Chlebowski

RT, Rohan TE.

Body mass index and waist circumference in

relation to lung cancer risk in the Women's Health

Initiative.

92 168(1):30-7. Bjørge T, Engeland A, Tverdal A, Smith

GD.

Body mass index in adolescence in relation to

cause-specific mortality

93 168(1):80-8. Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Liew G, Tan

AG, Wong TY, Leeder SR, Smith W,

Shankar A, Mitchell P.

The long-term relation among retinal arteriolar

narrowing, blood pressure, and incident severe

hypertension.

94 168(2):149-57. Moore SC, et al. Physical activity during adulthood and

adolescence in relation to renal cell cancer.

95 168(2):225-33. Sanfilippo FM, Hobbs MS, Knuiman

MW, Hung J.

Impact of new biomarkers of myocardial damage

on trends in myocardial infarction hospital

admission rates from population-based

administrative data.

96 168(1):58-65. Laurent O, Pedrono G, Segala C, Filleul

L, Havard S, Deguen S, Schillinger C,

Rivière E, Bard D.

Air pollution, asthma attacks, and socioeconomic

deprivation

97 168(1):13-20. Salihu HM, Lynch O, Alio AP, Liu J. Obesity subtypes and risk of spontaneous versus

medically indicated preterm births in singletons

and twins.

98 167(12):1407-15. Prentice RL, Chlebowski RT, Stefanick

ML, Manson JE, Langer RD, Pettinger

M, Hendrix SL, Hubbell FA, Kooperberg

C, Kuller LH, Lane DS, McTiernan A,

O'Sullivan MJ, Rossouw JE, Anderson

GL.

Conjugated equine estrogens and breast cancer

risk in the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial

and observational study.

99 168(1):49-57. Jensen A, Sharif H, Olsen JH, Kjaer SK. Risk of breast cancer and gynecologic cancers in

a large population of nearly 50,000 infertile

Danish women.

100 167(12):1453-7. Schnack TH, Zdravkovic S, Myrup C,

Westergaard T, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M.

Familial aggregation of cryptorchidism--a

nationwide cohort study.

101 168(1):73-9. Lin S, Munsie JP, Herdt-Losavio ML,

Bell E, Druschel C, Romitti PA, Olney R;

National Birth Defects Prevention Study.

Maternal asthma medication use and the risk of

gastroschisis.

102 167(12):1446-52. Schneiderman AI, Braver ER, Kang HK. Understanding sequelae of injury mechanisms

and mild traumatic brain injury incurred during the

conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan

103 167(12):1421-9. Soerjomataram I, Louwman WJ,

Lemmens VE, Coebergh JW, de Vries

Are patients with skin cancer at lower risk of

developing colorectal or breast cancer?

104 167(12):1397-406. Mizoue T, Inoue M, Wakai K, Nagata C,

Shimazu T, Tsuji I, Otani T, Tanaka K,

Matsuo K, Tamakoshi A, Sasazuki S,

Tsugane S; Research Group for

Development and Evaluation of Cancer

Prevention Strategies in Japan.

Alcohol drinking and colorectal cancer in

Japanese

105 167(12):1465-75. Koster A, Leitzmann MF, Schatzkin A,

Mouw T, Adams KF, van Eijk JT,

Hollenbeck AR, Harris TB.

Waist circumference and mortality.

106 167(10):1143-51. Kouvonen A, Oksanen T, Vahtera J,

Stafford M, Wilkinson R, Schneider J,

Väänänen A, Virtanen M, Cox SJ, Pentti

J, Elovainio M, Kivimäki M.

Low workplace social capital as a predictor of

depression

107 167(11):1375-86. Williams PL, Van Dyke R, Eagle M,

Smith D, Vincent C, Ciupak G, Oleske J,

Seage GR 3rd; PACTG 219C Team.

Association of site-specific and participant-

specific factors with retention of children in a

long-term pediatric HIV cohort study.

108 167(12):1476-85. Stafoggia M, Schwartz J, Forastiere F,

Perucci CA; SISTI Group.

Does temperature modify the association

between air pollution and mortality? A multicity

case-crossover analysis in Italy.

109 167(12):1458-64. Ramlau-Hansen CH, Thulstrup AM,

Olsen J, Bonde JP.

Parental subfecundity and risk of decreased

semen quality in the male offspring

110 167(12):1438-45. Chia VM, Quraishi SM, Graubard BI,

Rubertone MV, Erickson RL, Stanczyk

FZ, McGlynn KA.

Insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth

factor-binding protein 3, and testicular germ-cell

tumor risk.

111 167(11):1321-31. Zhang Y, Sanjose SD, Bracci PM,

Morton LM, Wang R, Brennan P, Hartge

P, Boffetta P, Becker N, Maynadie M,

Foretova L, Cocco P, Staines A, Holford

T, Holly EA, Nieters A, Benavente Y,

Bernstein L, Zahm SH, Zheng T.

Personal use of hair dye and the risk of certain

subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

112 167(12):1486-94. Leung CC, Lam TH, Chan WM, Yew

WW, Ho KS, Leung GM, Law WS, Tam

CM, Chan CK, Chang KC.

Diabetic control and risk of tuberculosis

113 167(11):1387-96. Hartert TV, Deng X, Hartman TJ, Wen

W, Yang G, Gao YT, Jin M, Bai C, Gross

M, Roberts LJ 2nd, Sheller JR,

Christman J, Dupont W, Griffin M, Shu

XO.

The Shanghai Women's Asthma and Allergy

Study

114 167(11):1342-8. Al-Delaimy WK, Stampfer MJ, Manson

JE, Willett WC.

Toenail nicotine levels as predictors of coronary

heart disease among women.

115 167(11):1312-20. Chajès V, Thiébaut AC, Rotival M,

Gauthier E, Maillard V, Boutron-Ruault

MC, Joulin V, Lenoir GM, Clavel-

Chapelon F.

Association between serum trans-

monounsaturated fatty acids and breast cancer

risk in the E3N-EPIC Study.

116 167(12):1430-7. Hannibal CG, Rossing MA, Wicklund

KG, Cushing-Haugen KL.

Analgesic drug use and risk of epithelial ovarian

cancer.

117 167(12):1495-503. Jennings JM, Louis TA, Ellen JM,

Srikrishnan AK, Sivaram S, Mayer K,

Solomon S, Kelly R, Celentano DD.

Geographic prevalence and multilevel

determination of community-level factors

associated with herpes simplex virus type 2

infection in Chennai, India.

118 167(10):1226-34. Astor BC, Hallan SI, Miller ER 3rd,

Yeung E, Coresh J.

Glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, and risk of

cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the US

population.

119 167(9):1027-36. Kelemen LE, Pankratz VS, Sellers TA,

Brandt KR, Wang A, Janney C,

Fredericksen ZS, Cerhan JR, Vachon

CM.

Age-specific trends in mammographic density

120 167(11):1365-74. Stevens J, Truesdale KP, Katz EG, Cai

Impact of body mass index on incident

hypertension and diabetes in Chinese Asians,

American Whites, and American Blacks

121 167(11):1305-11. Villamor E, Sparén P, Cnattingius S. Risk of oral clefts in relation to prepregnancy

weight change and interpregnancy interval.

122 167(10):1207-16. Prentice RL, Chlebowski RT, Stefanick

ML, Manson JE, Pettinger M, Hendrix

SL, Hubbell FA, Kooperberg C, Kuller

LH, Lane DS, McTiernan A, Jo

O'Sullivan M, Rossouw JE, Anderson

GL.

Estrogen plus progestin therapy and breast

cancer in recently postmenopausal women.

123 167(10):1188-96 Ackerson LK, Subramanian SV. Domestic violence and chronic malnutrition

among women and children in India.

124 167(11):1295-304. Osypuk TL, Acevedo-Garcia D. Are racial disparities in preterm birth larger in

hypersegregated areas?

125 167(11):1349-57. Mujahid MS, Diez Roux AV, Shen M,

Gowda D, Sánchez B, Shea S, Jacobs

DR Jr, Jackson SA.

Relation between neighborhood environments

and obesity in the Multi-Ethnic Study of

Atherosclerosis.

126 167(11):1281-6. Fang F, Kamel F, Sandler DP, Sparén

P, Ye W.

Maternal age, exposure to siblings, and risk of

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

127 167(11):1287-94. Henderson KD, Bernstein L, Henderson

B, Kolonel L, Pike MC.

Predictors of the timing of natural menopause in

the Multiethnic Cohort Study.

128 167(10):1217-25. Seitzman RL, et al. Estrogen receptor alpha and matrix

metalloproteinase 2 polymorphisms and age-

related maculopathy in older women.

129 167(10):1197-206. Ishitani K, Lin J, Manson JE, Buring JE,

Zhang SM.

A prospective study of multivitamin supplement

use and risk of breast cancer.

130 167(8):889-99. Harper S, Lynch J, Meersman SC,

Breen N, Davis WW, Reichman ME.

An overview of methods for monitoring social

disparities in cancer with an example using

trends in lung cancer incidence by area-

socioeconomic position and race-ethnicity, 1992-

2004.

131 167(10):1182-7. Hughes AM, Crouch S, Lightfoot T,

Ansell P, Simpson J, Roman E.

Eczema, birth order, and infection.

132 167(10):1155-63. Haukka J, Suominen K, Partonen T,

Lönnqvist J.

Determinants and outcomes of serious attempted

suicide

133 167(9):1070-80. Mahabir S, Spitz MR, Barrera SL, Dong

YQ, Eastham C, Forman MR.

Dietary boron and hormone replacement therapy

as risk factors for lung cancer in women.

134 167(10):1235-46. Montgomery MP, Kamel F, Saldana TM,

Alavanja MC, Sandler DP.

Incident diabetes and pesticide exposure among

licensed pesticide applicators

135 167(10):1164-70. Johansen AM, Lie RT, Wilcox AJ,

Andersen LF, Drevon CA.

Maternal dietary intake of vitamin A and risk of

orofacial clefts

136 167(9):1110-9. Shiri R, Solovieva S, Husgafvel-

Pursiainen K, Taimela S, Saarikoski LA,

Huupponen R, Viikari J, Raitakari OT,

Viikari-Juntura E.

The association between obesity and the

prevalence of low back pain in young adults

137 167(7):831-8. Gao X, Chen H, Choi HK, Curhan G,

Schwarzschild MA, Ascherio A.

Diet, urate, and Parkinson's disease risk in men.

138 167(9):1081-9. Nieters A, et al. Smoking and lymphoma risk in the European

prospective investigation into cancer and

nutrition.

139 167(9):1041-9 Ahern J, Galea S, Hubbard A, Midanik L,

Syme SL.

"Culture of drinking" and individual problems with

alcohol use.

140 167(9):1102-9. Minnis AM, Moore JG, Doherty IA,

Rodas C, Auerswald C, Shiboski S,

Padian NS.

Gang exposure and pregnancy incidence among

female adolescents in San Francisco

141 167(9):1050-8. Shrubsole MJ, Wu H, Ness RM, Shyr Y,

Smalley WE, Zheng W.

Alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, and risk of

colorectal adenomatous and hyperplastic polyps.

142 167(7):859-66. Juhl M, Andersen PK, Olsen J, Madsen

M, Jørgensen T, Nøhr EA, Andersen

AM.

Physical exercise during pregnancy and the risk

of preterm birth

143 167(8):1005-13 Søgaard AJ, Meyer HE, Tonstad S,

Håheim LL, Holme I.

Weight cycling and risk of forearm fractures

144 167(8):986-97. Bell ML, Dominici F. Effect modification by community characteristics

on the short-term effects of ozone exposure and

mortality in 98 US communities.

145 167(9):1059-69. Moorman PG, Calingaert B, Palmieri RT,

Iversen ES, Bentley RC, Halabi S,

Berchuck A, Schildkraut JM.

Hormonal risk factors for ovarian cancer in

premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

146 167(8):976-85 Samanic CM, De Roos AJ, Stewart PA,

Rajaraman P, Waters MA, Inskip PD.

Occupational exposure to pesticides and risk of

adult brain tumors.

147 167(8):962-9 Allison MA, Budoff MJ, Wong ND,

Blumenthal RS, Schreiner PJ, Criqui

MH.

Prevalence of and risk factors for subclinical

cardiovascular disease in selected US Hispanic

ethnic groups

148 167(5):586-97. Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Adams K,

Leitzmann M, Schairer C, Michaud DS,

Hollenbeck A, Schatzkin A, Silverman

DT.

Adiposity, physical activity, and pancreatic cancer

in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet

and Health Cohort.

149 167(7):759-74. Carlsten C, Sagoo GS, Frodsham AJ,

Burke W, Higgins JP.

Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1)

polymorphisms and lung cancer

150 167(8):908-16 Wakefield J, Haneuse SJ. Overcoming ecologic bias using the two-phase

study design.

151 167(8):954-61. Larsson SC, Männistö S, Virtanen MJ,

Kontto J, Albanes D, Virtamo J.

Folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and methionine

intakes and risk of stroke subtypes in male

smokers.

152 167(8):925-34. Kristal AR, Arnold KB, Schenk JM,

Neuhouser ML, Goodman P, Penson

DF, Thompson IM.

Dietary patterns, supplement use, and the risk of

symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia

153 167(7):807-13. Gallicchio L, Chang H, Christo DK,

Thuita L, Huang HY, Strickland P,

Ruczinski I, Hoffman SC, Helzlsouer KJ.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in inflammation-

related genes and mortality in a community-

based cohort in Washington County, Maryland.

154 167(7):820-30. Kröger E, Andel R, Lindsay J,

Benounissa Z, Verreault R, Laurin D.

Is complexity of work associated with risk of

dementia? The Canadian Study of Health And

Aging.

155 167(8):998-1004. Reilly KH, Gu D, Duan X, Wu X, Chen

CS, Huang J, Kelly TN, Chen J, Liu X,

Yu L, Bazzano LA, He J.

Risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease mortality in Chinese adults.

156 167(8):970-5. Lubin JH, Virtamo J, Weinstein SJ,

Albanes D.

Cigarette smoking and cancer

157 167(8):935-43. Tomey KM, Sowers MR, Crandall C,

Johnston J, Jannausch M, Yosef M.

Dietary intake related to prevalent functional

limitations in midlife women.

158 167(5):517-22. Hoffmann K, Pischon T, Schulz M,

Schulze MB, Ray J, Boeing H.

A statistical test for the equality of differently

adjusted incidence rate ratios.

159 167(5):523-9; Greenland S. Invited commentary

160 167(6):667-75. Diez Roux AV, Auchincloss AH, Franklin

TG, Raghunathan T, Barr RG, Kaufman

J, Astor B, Keeler J.

Long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter

and prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in

the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

161 167(7):814-9. Hjuler T, Poulsen G, Wohlfahrt J, Kaltoft

M, Biggar RJ, Melbye M.

Genetic susceptibility to severe infection in

families with invasive pneumococcal disease.

162 167(8):944-53 Gauvin L, Riva M, Barnett T, Richard L,

Craig CL, Spivock M, Laforest S,

Laberge S, Fournel MC, Gagnon H,

Gagné S.

Association between neighborhood active living

potential and walking.

163 167(6):684-91. Mehlig K, Skoog I, Guo X, Schütze M,

Gustafson D, Waern M, Ostling S,

Björkelund C, Lissner L.

Alcoholic beverages and incidence of dementia

164 167(6):719-26. Sasaki S, Sata F, Katoh S, Saijo Y,

Nakajima S, Washino N, Konishi K, Ban

S, Ishizuka M, Kishi R.

Adverse birth outcomes associated with maternal

smoking and polymorphisms in the N-

Nitrosamine-metabolizing enzyme genes NQO1

and CYP2E1.

165 167(7):839-46. Kubo A, Levin TR, Block G, Rumore GJ,

Quesenberry CP Jr, Buffler P, Corley

DA.

Dietary patterns and the risk of Barrett's

esophagus.

166 167(6):676-83. Shahar E, Heiss G, Rosamond WD,

Szklo M.

Baldness and myocardial infarction in men

167 167(6):743-50. Guiltinan AM, Kaidarova Z, Custer B,

Orland J, Strollo A, Cyrus S, Busch MP,

Murphy EL.

Increased all-cause, liver, and cardiac mortality

among hepatitis C virus-seropositive blood

donors.

168 167(6):734-42. Kuijsten A, Hollman PC, Boshuizen HC,

Buijsman MN, van 't Veer P, Kok FJ,

Arts IC, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB.

Plasma enterolignan concentrations and

colorectal cancer risk in a nested case-control

study.

169 167(6):727-33. Strohsnitter WC, Hatch EE, Hyer M,

Troisi R, Kaufman RH, Robboy SJ,

Palmer JR, Titus-Ernstoff L, Anderson

D, Hoover RN, Noller KL.

The association between in utero cigarette

smoke exposure and age at menopause.

170 167(6):711-8. Chang JJ, Stamilio DM, Macones GA. Effect of hospital volume on maternal outcomes

in women with prior cesarean delivery

undergoing trial of labor.

171 167(7):867-74. Nilsen RM, Vollset SE, Rasmussen SA,

Ueland PM, Daltveit AK.

Folic acid and multivitamin supplement use and

risk of placental abruption

172 167(5):540-5. Koopman L, van der Heijden GJ,

Grobbee DE, Rovers MM.

Comparison of methods of handling missing data

in individual patient data meta-analyses

173 167(4):390-9. Tennstedt SL, Link CL, Steers WD,

McKinlay JB.

Prevalence of and risk factors for urine leakage in

a racially and ethnically diverse population of

adults

174 167(5):505-16. Boccia S, et al. Meta- and pooled analyses of the

methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and

A1298C polymorphisms and gastric cancer risk

175 167(5):579-85. Peters TM, Ekelund U, Leitzmann M,

Easton D, Warren R, Luben R, Bingham

S, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ.

Physical activity and mammographic breast

density in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study.

176 167(6):701-10. Wasserman EE, Nelson K, Rose NR,

Eaton W, Pillion JP, Seaberg E, Talor

MV, Burek L, Duggan A, Yolken RH.

Maternal thyroid autoantibodies during the third

trimester and hearing deficits in children

177 167(5):553-60. Tan LC, Koh WP, Yuan JM, Wang R, Au

WL, Tan JH, Tan EK, Yu MC.

Differential effects of black versus green tea on

risk of Parkinson's disease in the Singapore

Chinese Health Study.

178 167(5):624-32 Roberts CB, Vines AI, Kaufman JS,

James SA.

Cross-sectional association between perceived

discrimination and hypertension in African-

American men and women

179 167(5):532-9. Boak MB, M'ikanatha NM, Day RS,

Harrison LH.

Internet death notices as a novel source of

mortality surveillance data.

180 167(5):546-52. Braver ER, Kufera JA, Alexander MT,

Scerbo M, Volpini K, Lloyd JP.

Using head-on collisions to compare risk of driver

death by frontal air bag generation

181 167(5):598-606. MacArthur AC, McBride ML, Spinelli JJ,

Tamaro S, Gallagher RP, Theriault GP.

Risk of childhood leukemia associated with

vaccination, infection, and medication use in

childhood

182 167(5):607-14. Saltzman BS, Doherty JA, Hill DA,

Beresford SA, Voigt LF, Chen C, Weiss

NS.

Diabetes and endometrial cancer

183 167(4):485-91. Draper ES, Rankin J, Tonks AM,

Abrams KR, Field DJ, Clarke M,

Kurinczuk JJ.

Recreational drug use

184 167(5):570-8. Kan H, Stevens J, Heiss G, Rose KM,

London SJ.

Dietary fiber, lung function, and chronic

obstructive pulmonary disease in the

atherosclerosis risk in communities study.

185 167(4):457-67. Sadetzki S, Chetrit A, Jarus-Hakak A,

Cardis E, Deutch Y, Duvdevani S, Zultan

A, Novikov I, Freedman L, Wolf M.

Cellular phone use and risk of benign and

malignant parotid gland tumors--a nationwide

case-control study.

186 167(4):468-73. Bosetti C, Gallus S, Peto R, Negri E,

Talamini R, Tavani A, Franceschi S, La

Vecchia C.

Tobacco smoking, smoking cessation, and

cumulative risk of upper aerodigestive tract

cancers.

187 167(4):419-28. Schooling CM, Jiang CQ, Lam TH,

Zhang WS, Cheng KK, Leung GM.

Life-course origins of social inequalities in

metabolic risk in the population of a developing

country.

188 167(5):561-9. Bamia C, Trichopoulou A, Trichopoulos

Age at retirement and mortality in a general

population sample

189 167(3):295-304. Campbell PT, Sloan M, Kreiger N. Dietary patterns and risk of incident gastric

adenocarcinoma.

190 167(4):474-9 Wilcox AJ, Skjaerven R, Lie RT. Familial patterns of preterm delivery

191 167(3):262-70. Sun Y, Vestergaard M, Pedersen CB,

Christensen J, Basso O, Olsen J.

Gestational age, birth weight, intrauterine growth,

and the risk of epilepsy.

192 167(3):251-6. Schnack TH, Zdravkovic S, Myrup C,

Westergaard T, Christensen K,

Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M.

Familial aggregation of hypospadias

193 167(4):447-56. Rollison DE, Giuliano AR, Sellers TA,

Laronga C, Sweeney C, Risendal B,

Baumgartner KB, Byers T, Slattery ML.

Population-based case-control study of diabetes

and breast cancer risk in Hispanic and non-

Hispanic White women living in US southwestern

states.

194 167(4):406-11. Forsmo S, Fjeldbo SK, Langhammer A. Childhood cod liver oil consumption and bone

mineral density in a population-based cohort of

peri- and postmenopausal women

195 167(2):169-77 Heikura U, Taanila A, Hartikainen AL,

Olsen P, Linna SL, von Wendt L,

Järvelin MR.

Variations in prenatal sociodemographic factors

associated with intellectual disability

196 167(3):257-61. Mongraw-Chaffin ML, Cohn BA, Cohen

RD, Christianson RE.

Maternal smoking, alcohol consumption, and

caffeine consumption during pregnancy in

relation to a son's risk of persistent

cryptorchidism

197 167(3):321-9. Stranges S, Cappuccio FP, Kandala NB,

Miller MA, Taggart FM, Kumari M, Ferrie

JE, Shipley MJ, Brunner EJ, Marmot

MG.

Cross-sectional versus prospective associations

of sleep duration with changes in relative weight

and body fat distribution

198 167(3):313-20 Shea MK, et al. Vitamin K and vitamin D status

199 167(1):1-6. Steenland K, Pinkerton LE. Mortality patterns following downsizing at Pan

American World Airways.

200 167(3):271-9. Grundy E, Kravdal Ø. Reproductive history and mortality in late middle

age among Norwegian men and women.

201 167(3):369-74. Jenkins P, Earle-Richardson G, Burdick

P, May J.

Handling nonresponse in surveys

202 167(2):155-63. O'Campo P, Burke JG, Culhane J, Elo

IT, Eyster J, Holzman C, Messer LC,

Kaufman JS, Laraia BA.

Neighborhood deprivation and preterm birth

among non-Hispanic Black and White women in

eight geographic areas in the United States.

203 167(3):350-61. Shen M, Cozen W, Huang L, Colt J, De

Roos AJ, Severson RK, Cerhan JR,

Bernstein L, Morton LM, Pickle L, Ward

MH.

Census and geographic differences between

respondents and nonrespondents in a case-

control study of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

204 167(3):330-40. Pednekar MS, Gupta PC, Hebert JR,

Hakama M.

Joint effects of tobacco use and body mass on

all-cause mortality in Mumbai, India

205 167(3):341-9. Warner L, Newman DR, Kamb ML,

Fishbein M, Douglas JM Jr, Zenilman J,

D'Anna L, Bolan G, Rogers J, Peterman

T; Project RESPECT Study Group.

Problems with condom use among patients

attending sexually transmitted disease clinics

206 167(3):305-12. Zablotska LB, et al. A cohort study of thyroid cancer and other thyroid

diseases after the Chornobyl accident

207 167(3):287-94. Koutros S, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Mayne ST,

Zahm SH, Holford TR, Leaderer BP,

Boyle P, Zheng T.

Nutrients contributing to one-carbon metabolism

and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes.

208 167(3):362-8 Pepe MS, Feng Z, Huang Y, Longton G,

Prentice R, Thompson IM, Zheng Y.

Integrating the predictiveness of a marker with its

performance as a classifier.

209 167(2):211-8. Tworoger SS, Lee IM, Buring JE,

Hankinson SE.

Plasma androgen concentrations and risk of

incident ovarian cancer.

210 167(2):193-202. Bjerkeset O, Romundstad P, Evans J,

Gunnell D.

Association of adult body mass index and height

with anxiety, depression, and suicide in the

general population

211 167(1):15-9. Delnevo CD, Gundersen DA, Hagman

BT.

Declining estimated prevalence of alcohol

drinking and smoking among young adults

nationally

212 167(1):34-41. Mukamal KJ, Kennedy M, Cushman M,

Kuller LH, Newman AB, Polak J, Criqui

MH, Siscovick DS.

Alcohol consumption and lower extremity arterial

disease among older adults

213 167(2):178-87. Gunderson EP, Rifas-Shiman SL, Oken

E, Rich-Edwards JW, Kleinman KP,

Taveras EM, Gillman MW.

Association of fewer hours of sleep at 6 months

postpartum with substantial weight retention at 1

year postpartum.

214 167(2):230-9. Li CI, et al. Timing of menarche and first full-term birth in

relation to breast cancer risk.

215 167(2):219-29. Brindel P, et al. Menstrual and reproductive factors in the risk of

differentiated thyroid carcinoma in native women

in French Polynesia

216 167(2):164-8. Inskip HM, Dunn N, Godfrey KM,

Cooper C, Kendrick T; Southampton

Women's Survey Study Group.

Is birth weight associated with risk of depressive

symptoms in young women? Evidence from the

Southampton Women's Survey.

217 167(2):145-54. Yang J, Carmichael SL, Canfield M,

Song J, Shaw GM; National Birth

Defects Prevention Study.

Socioeconomic status in relation to selected birth

defects in a large multicentered US case-control

study.

218 167(2):203-10. Fang F, Ye W, Fall K, Lekander M,

Wigzell H, Sparén P, Adami HO,

Valdimarsdóttir U.

Loss of a child and the risk of amyotrophic lateral

sclerosis.

219 167(1):59-70. Takachi R, Inoue M, Ishihara J,

Kurahashi N, Iwasaki M, Sasazuki S, Iso

H, Tsubono Y, Tsugane S; JPHC Study

Group.

Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of total cancer

and cardiovascular disease

220 167(1):42-50. Ohira T, Hozawa A, Iribarren C,

Daviglus ML, Matthews KA, Gross MD,

Jacobs DR Jr.

Longitudinal association of serum carotenoids

and tocopherols with hostility

221 167(1):96-102. Steptoe A, O'Donnell K, Badrick E,

Kumari M, Marmot M.

Neuroendocrine and inflammatory factors

associated with positive affect in healthy men and

women

222 167(2):240-8. Xue QL, Fried LP, Glass TA, Laffan A,

Chaves PH.

Life-space constriction, development of frailty,

and the competing risk of mortality

223 167(1):71-7. Kurahashi N, Sasazuki S, Iwasaki M,

Inoue M, Tsugane S; JPHC Study

Group.

Green tea consumption and prostate cancer risk

in Japanese men

224 167(1):103-11. Leonard H, Nassar N, Bourke J, Blair E,

Mulroy S, de Klerk N, Bower C.

Relation between intrauterine growth and

subsequent intellectual disability in a ten-year

population cohort of children in Western

Australia.

225 167(1):51-8. Wong TY, Cheung N, Islam FM, Klein R,

Criqui MH, Cotch MF, Carr JJ, Klein BE,

Sharrett AR.

Relation of retinopathy to coronary artery

calcification

226 167(1):90-5 Chen H, O'Reilly EJ, Schwarzschild MA,

Ascherio A.

Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers and risk of

Parkinson's disease.

227 167(1):78-85 Thurston RC, Sowers MR, Chang Y,

Sternfeld B, Gold EB, Johnston JM,

Matthews KA.

Adiposity and reporting of vasomotor symptoms

among midlife women

228 167(1):86-9. Lee WC, Wang LY. Simple formulas for gauging the potential impacts

of population stratification bias.

229 167(1):112-20. Dowd JB, Haan MN, Blythe L, Moore K,

Aiello AE.

Socioeconomic gradients in immune response to

latent infection.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological – Ano: 2008

Nº Vol/Pg Autores Título

1 41(12):1123-8 Scheffel RS, Kramer CK, Rados DV,

Pinto LC, Crispim D, Gross JL, Canani

LH.

The prevalence of chronic diabetic complications

and metabolic syndrome is not associated with

maternal type 2 diabetes.

2 41(12):1093-7 Martinho FL, Tangerina RP, Moura SM,

Gregório LC, Tufik S, Bittencourt LR.

Systematic head and neck physical examination

as a predictor of obstructive sleep apnea in class

III obese patients.

3 41(10): 877-83 Ananias M, Yano T. "Serogroups and virulence genotypes of

4 41(10):896-903 Moscoso-Solorzano GT, Mastroianni-

Kirsztajn G, Ozaki KS, Araujo S, Franco

MF, Pacheco-Silva A, Camara NO.

Are the current chronic allograft nephropathy

grading systems sufficient to predict renal

allograft survival?

5 41(8):728-33 Genta PR, Marcondes BF, Danzi NJ,

Lorenzi-Filho G.

Ethnicity as a risk factor for obstructive sleep

apnea: comparison of Japanese descendants

and white males in São Paulo, Brazil.

6 41(8):722-7 Conway SG, Roizenblatt SS, Palombini

L, Castro LS, Bittencourt LR, Silva RS,

Tufik S.

Effect of smoking habits on sleep.

7 41(8):668-73 Gerchman F, Zanatta CM, Burttet LM,

Picon PX, Lisboa HR, Silveiro SP, Gross

JL, Canani LH.

Vascular complications of black patients with type

2 diabetes mellitus in Southern Brazil.

8 41(8):643-7 Vidigal PV, Reis FJ, Boson WL, De

Marco LA, Brasileiro-Filho G.

p.F508del in a heterogeneous cystic fibrosis

population from Minas Gerais, Brazil.

9 41(7):583-8 Godoy AE, Mandelli J, Oliveira FH,

Calegari S, Moura LB, Serafini EP.

p16INK4 expression in precursor lesions of

squamous cell cervical cancer related to the

presence of HPV-DNA.

10 41(6):512-8 Cardoso RL, Nogueira AR, Salis LH,

Urményi TP, Silva R, Moura-Neto RS,

Pereira BB, Rondinelli E, Souza e Silva

NA.

The association of ACE gene D/I polymorphism

with cardiovascular risk factors in a population

from Rio de Janeiro.

11 41(6):468-72 Yeh E, Kimura L, Errera FI, Angeli CB,

Mingroni-Netto RC, Silva ME, Canani

LH, Passos-Bueno MR.

Association of polymorphisms at the ADIPOR1

regulatory region with type 2 diabetes and body

mass index in a Brazilian population with

European or African ancestry.

12 41(3):215-22 Silva RS, Figueiredo AC, Mady C,

Lorenzi-Filho G.

Breathing disorders in congestive heart failure:

gender, etiology and mortality.

13 41(3):202-8 Nunes JL, Silvany-Neto A, Pitta GB,

Figueiredo LF, Oliveira I, Quadros R,

Miranda-Junior F.

Prevalence of peripheral arterial occlusive

disease in patients referred to a tertiary care

hospital in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, for coronary

angiography.

14 41(4):324-32 Shuhama R, Del-Ben CM, Loureiro SR,

Graeff FG.

Defensive responses to threat scenarios in

Brazilians reproduce the pattern of Hawaiian

Americans and non-human mammals.

15 41(2):89-94 Fuzikawa AK, Peixoto SV, Taufer M,

Moriguchi EH, Lima-Costa MF.

Association of ApoE polymorphisms with

prevalent hypertension in 1406 older adults: the

Bambuí Health Aging Study (BHAS).

16 41(3):229-34 Leitão CB, Nabinger GB, Krahe AL,

Bolson PB, Gerchman F, Friedman R,

Gross JL, Canani LH.

The role of K121Q ENPP1 polymorphism in

diabetes mellitus and its complications.

17 41(3):235-40 Alencar RS, Gomes MM, Sitnik R, Pinho

JR, Malta FM, Mello IM, Mello ES,

Bacchella T, Machado MC, Alves VA,

Carrilho FJ.

Low occurrence of occult hepatitis B virus

infection and high frequency of hepatitis C virus

genotype 3 in hepatocellular carcinoma in Brazil.

British Medical Journal – Ano: 2008

Nº Vol/Pg Autores Título

1 337:a2991. Lam HS, Ng PC, Chu WC, Wong W,

Chan DF, Ho SS, Wong KT, Ahuja AT,

Li CK.

Renal screening in children after exposure to low

dose melamine in Hong Kong: cross sectional

study

2 337:a2825. Patton D, McIntosh A. Head and neck injury risks in heavy metal: head

bangers stuck between rock and a hard bass.

3 337:a2794.. Hoff G, Bretthauer M. Appointments timed in proximity to annual

milestones and compliance with screening:

randomised controlled trial.

4 337:a2494. Rugbjerg K, Ritz B, Korbo L,

Martinussen N, Olsen JH.

Risk of Parkinson's disease after hospital contact

for head injury: population based case-control

study.

5 337:a2450.. Stotland NE. Obesity and pregnancy.

6 337:a2880. Christakis NA. This allergies hysteria is just nuts.

7 337:a2467. Driver JA, Djoussé L, Logroscino G,

Gaziano JM, Kurth T.

Incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer in

advanced age: prospective cohort study.

8 337:a2469. Soligard T, Myklebust G, Steffen K,

Holme I, Silvers H, Bizzini M, Junge A,

Dvorak J, Bahr R, Andersen TE.

Comprehensive warm-up programme to prevent

injuries in young female footballers: cluster

randomised controlled trial.

9 337:a2849 Hitchen L. Population approach is needed for heart disease

prevention to reach more people.

10 337:a2533. Cohen-Cole E, Fletcher JM. Detecting implausible social network effects in

acne, height, and headaches: longitudinal

analysis.

11 337:a2538. White BD, Stirling AJ, Paterson E,

Asquith-Coe K, Melder A; Guideline

Development Group.

Diagnosis and management of patients at risk of

or with metastatic spinal cord compression:

summary of NICE guidance.

12 337:a2748 Mashta O. HIV testing should rise in areas of high

prevalence, report says.

13 337:a2460 Craythorne EE, du Vivier AW. Non-healing ulcer on the toe.

14 337:a2427 Mazumder AA, Pope GA. A case of right sided weakness.

15 337:a2245. Sturkenboom MC, et al. Drug use in children: cohort study in three

European countries.

16 337:a2249 Bataille V, de Vries E. Melanoma--Part 1: epidemiology, risk factors, and

prevention.

17 337:a2278 Gunnell D, Hawton K, Ho D, Evans J,

O'Connor S, Potokar J, Donovan J,

Kapur N.

Hospital admissions for self harm after discharge

from psychiatric inpatient care: cohort study.

18 337:a2205 Tidemalm D, Långström N, Lichtenstein

P, Runeson B.

Risk of suicide after suicide attempt according to

coexisting psychiatric disorder: Swedish cohort

study with long term follow-up.

19 337:a2199 Chadwick DW, Baker GA, Jacoby A,

Marson AG, Smith PE.

What is the optimal management of partial

epilepsy uncontrolled by a first choice

anticonvulsant?

20 337:a2523 Dobson R. Trial stopped early after rosuvastatin found to cut

the risk of heart attack and stroke by 44% in

healthy people.

21 337:a2423 Versmissen J, et al.

Efficacy of statins in familial

hypercholesterolaemia: a long term cohort study.

22 337:a2155 Frank E, Elon L, Naimi T, Brewer R. Alcohol consumption and alcohol counselling

behaviour among US medical students: cohort

study.

23 337:a2001 Zeng L, Dibley MJ, Cheng Y, Dang S,

Chang S, Kong L, Yan H.

Impact of micronutrient supplementation during

pregnancy on birth weight, duration of gestation,

and perinatal mortality in rural western China:

double blind cluster randomised controlled trial.

24 337:a1984 Keenan HT, Hall GC, Marshall SW. Early head injury and attention deficit

hyperactivity disorder: retrospective cohort study.

25 337:a2369 Roehr B. Delaying HIV treatment increases risk of

mortality.

26 337:a2295 Fletcher J. Relative risk.

27 337:a2332 CARE Study Group. Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and

risk of fetal growth restriction: a large prospective

observational study.

28 337:a2293 Fletcher J. Risk.

29 337:a2030 Ashworth M, Medina J, Morgan M. Effect of social deprivation on blood pressure

monitoring and control in England: a survey of

data from the quality and outcomes framework.

30 337:a1735 Collins N, Crossley K, Beller E, Darnell

R, McPoil T, Vicenzino B.

Foot orthoses and physiotherapy in the treatment

of patellofemoral pain syndrome: randomised

clinical trial.

31 337:a1848 Kipping RR, Jago R, Lawlor DA. Obesity in children. Part 2: Prevention and

management.

32 337:a2002 Maruyama K, et al. The joint impact on being overweight of self

reported behaviours of eating quickly and eating

until full: cross sectional survey.

33 337:a1902 Walsh M, Spurling G. Aspirin in type 2 diabetes: is there any evidence

base?

34 337:a1724 Lederle FA, Larson JC, Margolis KL,

Allison MA, Freiberg MS, Cochrane BB,

Graettinger WF, Curb JD; Women's

Health Initiative Cohort Study.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm events in the

women's health initiative: cohort study.

35 337:a2081 Zarocostas J. WHO agrees plan to speed up research on risk to

human health from climate change.

36 337:a1170 Suresh K, Smalley D, Walker Z. Memory problems in an older person.

37 337:a1682 Ganzini L, Goy ER, Dobscha SK. Prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients

requesting physicians' aid in dying: cross

sectional survey.

38 337:a1618 Feehally J, Griffith KE, Lamb EJ,

O'Donoghue DJ, Tomson CR.

Early detection of chronic kidney disease.

39 337:a1530 Crowe E, Halpin D, Stevens P;

Guideline Development Group.

Early identification and management of chronic

kidney disease: summary of NICE guidance.

40 337:a1680 Murphy HR, Rayman G, Lewis K, Kelly

S, Johal B, Duffield K, Fowler D,

Campbell PJ, Temple RC.

Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring in

pregnant women with diabetes: randomised

clinical trial.

41 337:a1411 Howden-Chapman P, et al. Effects of improved home heating on asthma in

community dwelling children: randomised

controlled trial.

42 337:a1343 Albrechtsen S, Rasmussen S,

Thoresen S, Irgens LM, Iversen OE.

Pregnancy outcome in women before and after

cervical conisation: population based cohort

study.

43 337:a1569 Lasserson DS, Chandratheva A, Giles

MF, Mant D, Rothwell PM.

Influence of general practice opening hours on

delay in seeking medical attention after transient

ischaemic attack (TIA) and minor stroke:

prospective population based study.

44 337:a1440 van Dam RM, Li T, Spiegelman D,

Franco OH, Hu FB.

Combined impact of lifestyle factors on mortality:

prospective cohort study in US women.

45 337:a840 Lip GY. Managing the anticoagulated patient with atrial

fibrillation at high risk of stroke who needs

coronary intervention.

46 337:a1603 Dobson R. Known risk factors explain only one in three

cancers, study finds.

47 337:a1379 Barennes H, Andriatahina T,

Latthaphasavang V, Anderson M, Srour

LM.

Misperceptions and misuse of Bear Brand coffee

creamer as infant food: national cross sectional

survey of consumers and paediatricians in Laos.

48 337:a1529 Tanne JH. Most patients at risk of stroke fail to get adequate

anticoagulation.

49 337:a1198 Price JF, Stewart MC, Deary IJ, Murray

GD, Sandercock P, Butcher I, Fowkes

FG; AAA Trialists.

Low dose aspirin and cognitive function in middle

aged to elderly adults: randomised controlled trial.

50 337:a1371 Jackson R, Wells S, Rodgers A. Will screening individuals at high risk of

cardiovascular events deliver large benefits? Yes.

51 337:a1227 Douglas IJ, Smeeth L. Exposure to antipsychotics and risk of stroke: self

controlled case series study.

52 337:a1021 Hodnett ED, Stremler R, Willan AR,

Weston JA, Lowe NK, Simpson KR,

Fraser WD, Gafni A

Effect on birth outcomes of a formalised approach

to care in hospital labour assessment units:

international, randomised controlled trial.

53 337:a918 Gallego PH, Craig ME, Hing S,

Donaghue KC.

Role of blood pressure in development of early

retinopathy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes:

prospective cohort study.

54 337:a802 Funatogawa I, Funatogawa T, Yano E. Do overweight children necessarily make

overweight adults? Repeated cross sectional

annual nationwide survey of Japanese girls and

women over nearly six decades.

55 337:a939 Collin S, Reeves BC, Hendy J, Fulop N,

Hutchings A, Priedane E.

Implementation of computerised physician order

entry (CPOE) and picture archiving and

communication systems (PACS) in the NHS:

quantitative before and after study.

56 337:a716 Bhattacharya S, Harrild K, Mollison J,

Wordsworth S, Tay C, Harrold A,

McQueen D, Lyall H, Johnston L,

Burrage J, Grossett S, Walton H, Lynch

J, Johnstone A, Kini S, Raja A,

Templeton A.

Clomifene citrate or unstimulated intrauterine

insemination compared with expectant

management for unexplained infertility: pragmatic

randomised controlled trial.

57 337:a695 McGorry PD. Is early intervention in the major psychiatric

disorders justified? Yes.

58 337:a811 Tim Rhodes, Milena Simic, Sladjana

Baros, Lucy Platt and Bojan Zikic

Police violence and sexual risk among female

and transvestite sex workers in Serbia: qualitative

study.

59 337:a1057 Spurgeon D. Evidence shows higher long term risks from

gestational diabetes.

60 337:a605 Kinra S, Rameshwar Sarma KV,

Ghafoorunissa, Mendu VV, Ravikumar

R, Mohan V, Wilkinson IB, Cockcroft

JR, Davey Smith G, Ben-Shlomo Y.

Effect of integration of supplemental nutrition with

public health programmes in pregnancy and early

childhood on cardiovascular risk in rural Indian

adolescents: long term follow-up of Hyderabad

nutrition trial.

61 337:a437 Tan T, Little P, Stokes T; Guideline

Development Group.

Antibiotic prescribing for self limiting respiratory

tract infections in primary care: summary of NICE

guidance.

62 337:a763 Menzies SW. Is sun exposure a major cause of melanoma?

Yes.

63 337:a478 Bloor M, Gannon M, Hay G, Jackson G,

Leyland AH, McKeganey N.

Contribution of problem drug users' deaths to

excess mortality in Scotland: secondary analysis

of cohort study.

64 337:a813 Tanne JH. US paediatricians and cardiologists are criticised

for recommending statins for children.

65 337:a857 Kmietowicz Z. Slow progress in tackling alcohol misuse and

obesity risks derailing other health gains.

66 337:a386 Liu B, Beral V, Balkwill A, Green J,

Sweetland S, Reeves G, Million

Women Study Collaborators.

Gallbladder disease and use of transdermal

versus oral hormone replacement therapy in

postmenopausal women: prospective cohort

study.

67 337:a709 Zarocostas J. UN warns of millions at risk of starvation in

drought stricken Ethiopia, Somalia, and

Afghanistan.

68 337:a339 Webster J, Clarke S, Paterson D,

Hutton A, van Dyk S, Gale C, Hopkins

Routine care of peripheral intravenous catheters

versus clinically indicated replacement:

randomised controlled trial.

69 337:a346 Sofi F, Capalbo A, Pucci N, Giuliattini J,

Condino F, Alessandri F, Abbate R,

Gensini GF, Califano S.

Cardiovascular evaluation, including resting and

exercise electrocardiography, before participation

in competitive sports: cross sectional study.

70 337:a120 Smith AD, Bradley DJ, Smith V, Blaze

M, Behrens RH, Chiodini PL, Whitty CJ.

Imported malaria and high risk groups:

observational study using UK surveillance data

1987-2006.

71 337:a448 Owen GS, Richardson G, David AS,

Szmukler G, Hayward P, Hotopf M.

Mental capacity to make decisions on treatment

in people admitted to psychiatric hospitals: cross

sectional study.

72 336(7659):1461 Tuffs A. Mobile phones do not pose health risk, German

survey shows.

73 336(7658):1420-3. Feldkamp ML, Reefhuis J, Kucik J,

Krikov S, Wilson A, Moore CA, Carey

JC, Botto LD.

Case-control study of self reported genitourinary

infections and risk of gastroschisis: findings from

the national birth defects prevention study, 1997-

2003.

74 336(7658):1423-6. Frank PI, Morris JA, Hazell ML,

Linehan MF, Frank TL.

Long term prognosis in preschool children with

wheeze: longitudinal postal questionnaire study

1993-2004.

75 336(7658):1426-8. Bone A, Ncube F, Nichols T, Noah ND. Body piercing in England: a survey of piercing at

sites other than earlobe.

76 336(7655):1211. Parry J. Patchy blood testing in central Asia raises risk of

HIV infection.

77 336(7657):1348-51 Martínez-González MA, et al. Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of

developing diabetes: prospective cohort study.

78 336(7656):1284-7. Wiberg-Itzel E, Lipponer C, Norman M,

Herbst A, Prebensen D, Hansson A,

Bryngelsson AL, Christoffersson M,

Sennström M, Wennerholm UB,

Nordström L.

Determination of pH or lactate in fetal scalp blood

in management of intrapartum fetal distress:

randomised controlled multicentre trial.

79 336(7656):1287-90. Evangelou E, Tsianos G, Ioannidis JP. Doctors' versus patients' global assessments of

treatment effectiveness: empirical survey of

diverse treatments in clinical trials.

80 336(7655):1231-4. Kruijshaar ME, et al. Increasing antituberculosis drug resistance in the

United Kingdom: analysis of National Surveillance

Data.

81 336(7655):1223-7. Aveyard P, Johnson C, Fillingham S,

Parsons A, Murphy M.

Nortriptyline plus nicotine replacement versus

placebo plus nicotine replacement for smoking

cessation: pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

82 336(7652):1058-61. Sekhri N, Timmis A, Chen R, Junghans

C, Walsh N, Zaman MJ, Eldridge S,

Hemingway H, Feder G.

Inequity of access to investigation and effect on

clinical outcomes: prognostic study of coronary

angiography for suspected stable angina pectoris.

83 336(7650):934-7. Nordin P, van der Linden W. Volume of procedures and risk of recurrence after

repair of groin hernia: national register study.

84 336(7650):927-30 Jeyaratnam D, Whitty CJ, Phillips K, Liu

D, Orezzi C, Ajoku U, French GL.

Impact of rapid screening tests on acquisition of

meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: cluster

randomised crossover trial.

85 336(7652):1052-5. Hawkins SS, Lamb K, Cole TJ, Law C;

Millennium Cohort Study Child Health

Group.

Influence of moving to the UK on maternal health

behaviours: prospective cohort study.

86 336(7647):771. Connaughton M. Commentary: Controversies in NICE guidance on

infective endocarditis.

87 336(7646):694-6. Ferner RE, Beard K. Over the counter medicines: proceed with

caution.

88 336(7649):872-6. Nordtveit TI, Melve KK, Albrechtsen S,

Skjaerven R.

Maternal and paternal contribution to

intergenerational recurrence of breech delivery:

population based cohort study.

89 336(7650):931-4. Kunadian B, Dunning J, Roberts AP,

Morley R, Twomey D, Hall JA, Sutton

AG, Wright RA, Muir DF, de Belder MA.

Cumulative funnel plots for the early detection of

interoperator variation: retrospective database

analysis of observed versus predicted results of

percutaneous coronary intervention.

90 336(7646):689. Kmietowicz Z. Screen all pregnant women for risk factors for

gestational diabetes, says NICE.

91 336(7646):697-701. Amin R, Widmer B, Prevost AT,

Schwarze P, Cooper J, Edge J,

Marcovecchio L, Neil A, Dalton RN,

Dunger DB.

Risk of microalbuminuria and progression to

macroalbuminuria in a cohort with childhood

onset type 1 diabetes: prospective observational

study.

92 336(7648):813-6. Sørensen HT, Christensen S, Mehnert

F, Pedersen L, Chapurlat RD,

Cummings SR, Baron JA.

Use of bisphosphonates among women and risk

of atrial fibrillation and flutter: population based

case-control study.

93 336(7646):705-8. Priotto G, Pinoges L, Fursa IB, Burke

B, Nicolay N, Grillet G, Hewison C,

Balasegaram M.

Safety and effectiveness of first line eflornithine

for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping

sickness in Sudan: cohort study.

94 336(7644):601-5. Pearce A, Law C, Elliman D, Cole TJ,

Bedford H; Millennium Cohort Study

Child Health Group.

Empirical evidence of bias in treatment effect

estimates in controlled trials with different

interventions and outcomes: meta-

epidemiological study

95 336(7647):754-7. Pearce A, Law C, Elliman D, Cole TJ,

Bedford H; Millennium Cohort Study

Child Health Group.

Factors associated with uptake of measles,

mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) and use of

single antigen vaccines in a contemporary UK

cohort: prospective cohort study.

96 336(7643):542-5. Wheeler BW, Gunnell D, Metcalfe C,

Stephens P, Martin RM.

The population impact on incidence of suicide

and non-fatal self harm of regulatory action

against the use of selective serotonin reuptake

inhibitors in under 18s in the United Kingdom:

ecological study.

97 336(7643):539-42 Biddle L, Brock A, Brookes ST, Gunnell

Suicide rates in young men in England and Wales

in the 21st century: time trend study.

98 336(7642):491-5. Davies MJ, et al. Effectiveness of the diabetes education and self

management for ongoing and newly diagnosed

(DESMOND) programme for people with newly

diagnosed type 2 diabetes: cluster randomised

controlled trial.

99 336(7641):425-9. MRC CRASH Trial Collaborators, Perel

P, Arango M, Clayton T, Edwards P,

Komolafe E, Poccock S, Roberts I,

Shakur H, Steyerberg E,

Yutthakasemsunt S.

Predicting outcome after traumatic brain injury:

practical prognostic models based on large cohort

of international patients.

100 336(7642):488-91. Fahrenkopf AM, Sectish TC, Barger LK,

Sharek PJ, Lewin D, Chiang VW,

Edwards S, Wiedermann BL, Landrigan

CP.

Rates of medication errors among depressed and

burnt out residents: prospective cohort study.

101 336(7641):432-4. Sivertsen A, Wilcox AJ, Skjaerven R,

Vindenes HA, Abyholm F, Harville E,

Lie RT.

Familial risk of oral clefts by morphological type

and severity: population based cohort study of

first degree relatives.

102 336(7639):309-12. Choi HK, Curhan G. Soft drinks, fructose consumption, and the risk of

gout in men: prospective cohort study.

103 336(7636):126-9. Alonso-Coello P, García-Franco AL,

Guyatt G, Moynihan R.

Drugs for pre-osteoporosis: prevention or disease

mongering?

104 336(7636):116. Mayor S. Hormone replacement therapy quadruples risk of

breast cancers.

105 336(7637):202-5. Lubell Y, Reyburn H, Mbakilwa H,

Mwangi R, Chonya S, Whitty CJ, Mills

The impact of response to the results of

diagnostic tests for malaria: cost-benefit analysis.

106 336(7640):366-71. Smith TC, Ryan MA, Wingard DL,

Slymen DJ, Sallis JF, Kritz-Silverstein

D; Millennium Cohort Study Team.

New onset and persistent symptoms of post-

traumatic stress disorder self reported after

deployment and combat exposures: prospective

population based US military cohort study.

107 336(7638):262-6. Bolland MJ, Barber PA, Doughty RN,

Mason B, Horne A, Ames R, Gamble

GD, Grey A, Reid IR.

Vascular events in healthy older women receiving

calcium supplementation: randomised controlled

trial.

108 336(7635):66. Dobson R. England and Wales are among European

countries at highest risk of measles epidemic.

109 336(7635):80-4. Asghar R, et al. Chloramphenicol versus ampicillin plus

gentamicin for community acquired very severe

pneumonia among children aged 2-59 months in

low resource settings: multicentre randomised

controlled trial (SPEAR study).

110 336(7634):22. Kamerow D. Waiting for the genetic revolution.

111 336(7634):14-5. Kmietowicz Z. Committee warns of risk of private computed

tomography.

112 336(7634):13. Cole A. Child in gene therapy programme develops

leukaemia.

113 336(7634):29-32 Gilbert CE, et al. Poverty and blindness in Pakistan: results from

the Pakistan national blindness and visual

impairment survey.

114 336(7635):85-7 Hansen AK, Wisborg K, Uldbjerg N,

Henriksen TB.

Risk of respiratory morbidity in term infants

delivered by elective caesarean section: cohort

study.

115 336(7636):142-5. Carnes D, Anwer Y, Underwood M,

Harding G, Parsons S; TOIB study

team.

Influences on older people's decision making

regarding choice of topical or oral NSAIDs for

knee pain: qualitative study.

Caderno de Saúde Pública – Ano: 2008

Nº Vol/Pg Autores Título

1 24(12):2979-84. Bloch KV, de Melo AN, Nogueira AR. Prevalence of anti-hypertensive treatment

adherence in patients with resistant hypertension

and validation of three indirect methods for

assessing treatment adherence

100

2 24(12):2941-7 Maia-Elkhoury AN, Alves WA, Sousa-

Gomes ML, Sena JM, Luna EA.

Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: trends and

challenges.

3 24(12):2926-36. de Moura AT, Moraes CL, Reichenheim

ME.

Detection of child abuse

4 24(12):2919-25. Frei F, Juncansen C, Ribeiro-Paes JT. Epidemiological survey of intestinal parasite

infections

5 24(12):2909-18. de Almeida S, Bettiol H, Barbieri MA, da

Silva AA, Ribeiro VS.

Significant differences in cesarean section rates

between a private and a public hospital in Brazil.

6 24(12):2901-8 Presgrave Rde F, Camacho LA, Villas

Boas MH.

A profile of unintentional poisoning caused by

household cleaning products, disinfectants and

pesticides.

7 24(12):2881-90. Pedrosa ML, Mattos IE, Koifman RJ. Cervical intraepithelial lesions in adolescents

8 24(12):2871-80. Rocha Rde A, de Goes PS. Comparison of access to Oral Health Services

between areas covered and not covered by the

Family Health Program in Campina Grande,

Paraíba State, Brazil

9 24(12):2861-70. Vieira-Santos IC, de Souza WV, de

Carvalho EF, de Medeiros MC, Nóbrega

MG, Lima PM.

Prevalence of diabetic foot and associated

factors in the family health units of the city of

Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil, in 2005

10 24(12):2843-51. Dias-da-Costa JS, Presser AD, Zanolla

AF, Ferreira DG, Perozzo G, Freitas IB,

Portolan LT, Tavares RT, Olinto MT,

Pattussi MP.

Use of outpatient health services by women

11 24(12):2827-33. de Oliveira AL, Paniago AM, Sanches

MA, Dorval ME, Oshiro ET, Leal CR, de

Paula FH, Pereira LG, da Cunha RV,

Bóia MN.

Asymptomatic infection in family contacts of

patients with human visceral leishmaniasis in

Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil.

12 24(12):2767-74. Capilheira MF, Santos IS, Azevedo MR

Jr, Reichert FF.

Risk factors for chronic non-communicable

diseases and the CARMEN Initiative

13 24(11):2623-32. Amorim VM, Barros MB, César CL,

Carandina L, Goldbaum M.

Factors associated with lack of mammograms

and clinical breast examination by women

14 24(11):2593-602. Nascimento EM, Costa Mda C, Mota EL,

Paim JS.

Investigation of risk factors for infant mortality by

linking health databases

15 24(11):2582-92. Leimann BC, Koifman RJ. Cryptococcal meningitis in Rio de Janeiro State,

Brazil, 1994-2004.

16 24(11):2573-81. Romanzini M, Reichert FF, Lopes Ada

S, Petroski EL, de Farias Júnior JC.

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in

adolescents

17 24(11):2521-31. Paula Gde M, Silva LG, Moreira ME,

Bonfim O.

Repercussions of premature rupture of fetal

membranes on neonatal morbidity and mortality

18 24(11):2511-20. Muller DK, Dias-da-Costa JS, Luz AM,

Olinto MT.

Coverage of Pap smear tests in the city of São

Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

19 24(11):2487-98. Vieira PC, Aerts DR, Freddo SL,

Bittencourt A, Monteiro L.

Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use by teenage

students in a city in Southern Brazil

20 24(10):2445-8. de Brito ME, Silva CJ, Silva CM, Salazar

PR, Coutinho JS, Reis Lde C, Pereira

VR, Brandão-Filho SP, Medeiros AC.

Clinical epidemiological profile of American

tegumentary leishmaniasis at the Pinto Sugar Mill

in Moreno Municipality, Greater Metropolitan

Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil.

21 24(10):2427-39. Perozzo G, Olinto MT, Dias-da-Costa

JS, Henn RL, Sarriera J, Pattussi MP.

Association between dietary patterns and body

mass index and waist circumference in women

living in Southern Brazil

22 24(10):2396-406. Giatti L, Barreto SM, César CC. Informal work, unemployment and health in

Brazilian metropolitan areas, 1998 and 2003.

23 24(10):2347-53 Silva RH, Castro RF, Cunha DC,

Almeida CT, Bastos JR, Camargo LM.

Dental caries in a riverine community in

Rondônia State, Amazon Region, Brazil, 2005-

2006

24 24(10):2334-46. Avanci JQ, Assis SG, Oliveira RV. Depressive symptoms during adolescence

25 24(10):2323-33 Rojas ME, Várquez P, Villarreal MF,

Velandia C, Vergara L, Morán-Borges

YH, Ontiveros J, Yelitza Calderón M,

Chiurillo-Siervo MA, Rodríguez-Bonfante

Cdel C, Aldana E, Concepción JL,

Bonfante-Cabarcas RA.

An entomological and seroepidemiological study

of Chagas' disease in an area in central-western

Venezuela infested with Triatoma maculata

(Erichson 1848)

26 24(10):2289-300. de Moraes CL, Apratto Júnior PC,

Reichenheim ME.

Breaking silence and its barriers

27 24(10):2279-88. de Castro IR, Cardoso LO, Engstrom

EM, Levy RB, Monteiro CA.

Surveillance of risk factors for non-communicable

diseases among adolescents

28 24 Suppl 2:S341-52. Hasselmann MH, Werneck GL, Silva

CV.

Symptoms of postpartum depression and early

interruption of exclusive breastfeeding in the first

two months of life.

29 24 Suppl 2:S332-40. Coutinho JG, Gentil PC, Toral N. Malnutrition and obesity in Brazil

101

30 24 Suppl 2:S294-302. Ferreira SR, Gimeno SG, Hirai AT,

Harima H, Matsumura L, Pittito Bde A.

Effects of an intervention in eating habits and

physical activity in Japanese-Brazilian women

with a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in

Bauru, São Paulo State, Brazil.

31 24 Suppl 2:S285-93. Fuchs SC, Moreira LB, Camey SA,

Moreira MB, Fuchs FD.

Clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular

disease among women in Southern Brazil

32 24 Suppl 2:S272-84. Rodrigues PL, Lacerda EM, Schlüssel

MM, Spyrides MH, Kac G.

Determinants of weight gain in pregnant women

attending a public prenatal care facility in Rio de

Janeiro, Brazil

33 24 Suppl 2:S259-71. Hadler MC, Sigulem DM, Alves Mde F,

Torres VM.

Treatment and prevention of anemia with ferrous

sulfate plus folic acid in children attending

daycare centers in Goiânia, Goiás State, Brazil

34 24 Suppl 2:S247-57. Batista Filho M, Souza AI, Miglioli TC,

Santos MC.

Anemia and obesity

35 24(9):2115-22. Matos MG, Hennington EA, Hoefel AL,

Dias-da-Costa JS.

Lower back pain in health insurance

policyholders

36 24(9):2063-70. Dias AC, Guimarães JR, Malm O, Costa

PA.

Total mercury in muscle of the shark Prionace

glauca (Linnaeus, 1758) and swordfish Xiphias

gladius Linnaeus, 1758, from the South-

Southeast coast of Brazil and the implications for

public health

37 24(9):2043-53. Gonçalves DM, Kapczinski F. Prevalence of mental disorders at a referral

center for the Family Health Program in Santa

Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

38 24(9):2013-20. Cruzeiro AL, Silva RA, Horta BL, Souza

LD, Faria AD, Pinheiro RT, Silveira Ide

O, Ferreira CD.

Prevalence and factors associated with

behavioral disorders in adolescents

39 24(9):2001-12. Meirelles Cde A, Oliveira MI, Mello RR,

Varela MA, Fonseca Vde M.

Justifications for formula supplementation in low-

risk newborns at a Baby-Friendly Hospital

40 24(9):1991-2000. Freddo SL, Aerts DR, Abegg C,

Davoglio R, Vieira PC, Monteiro L.

Oral hygiene habits and use of dental services

among teenage students in a city in southern

Brazil

41 24(9):1977-82. Borges FT, Garbin CA, Carvalhosa AA,

Castro PH, Hidalgo LR.

Oral cancer epidemiology in a public laboratory in

Mato Grosso State, Brazil

42 24 Suppl 4:s521-30. Silva AN, Mendonça MH, Vettore MV. A salutogenic approach to oral health promotion.

43 24 Suppl 3:S461-7. Barros FC, Victora CG. Maternal-child health in Pelotas, Rio Grande do

Sul State, Brazil

44 24 Suppl 3:S451-60. Santos IS, Menezes AM, Mota DM,

Albernaz EP, Barros AJ, Matijasevich A,

Barros FC, Victora CG.

Infant mortality in three population-based cohorts

in Southern Brazil

45 24 Suppl 3:S444-50. Halpern R, Barros AJ, Matijasevich A,

Santos IS, Victora CG, Barros FC.

Developmental status at age 12 months

according to birth weight and family income

46 24 Suppl 3:S427-36. Cesar JA, Matijasevich A, Santos IS,

Barros AJ, Dias-da-Costa JS, Barros

FC, Victora CG.

The use of maternal and child health services in

three population-based cohorts in Southern

Brazil, 1982-2004.

47 24 Suppl 3:S417-26. Barros AJ, Victora CG, Santos IS,

Matijasevich A, Araújo CL, Barros FC.

Infant malnutrition and obesity in three

population-based birth cohort studies in Southern

Brazil

48 24 Suppl 3:S390-8. Barros FC, Victora CG, Matijasevich A,

Santos IS, Horta BL, Silveira MF, Barros

AJ.

Preterm births, low birth weight, and intrauterine

growth restriction in three birth cohorts in

Southern Brazil

49 24 Suppl 3:S381-9. Santos IS, Barros AJ, Matijasevich A,

Tomasi E, Medeiros RS, Domingues

MR, Bertoldi AD, Barros FC, Victora CG.

Mothers and their pregnancies

50 24 Suppl 3:S371-80. Barros AJ, Santos IS, Matijasevich A,

Araújo CL, Gigante DP, Menezes AM,

Horta BL, Tomasi E, Victora CG, Barros

FC.

Methods used in the 1982, 1993, and 2004 birth

cohort studies from Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul

State, Brazil, and a description of the

socioeconomic conditions of participants'

families.

51 24(8):1927-38. Santos AM, Moura ME, Nunes BM, Leal

CF, Teles JB.

Profile of motorcycle accident victims treated at a

public hospital emergency department

52 24(8):1917-26. Souza SC, Leone C, Takano OA,

Moratelli HB.

Development of children enrolled in preschools in

Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil

53 24(8):1910-6. Lima S, Carvalho ML, Vasconcelos AG. Proposal for a hierarchical framework applied to

investigation of risk factors for neonatal mortality

54 24(8):1846-58. Lacerda JT, Castilho EA, Calvo MC,

Freitas SF.

Oral health and daily performance in adults in

Chapecó, Santa Catarina State, Brazil

55 24(8):1825-34. Borges CM, Cascaes AM, Fischer TK,

Boing AF, Peres MA, Peres KG.

Dental and gingival pain and associated factors

among Brazilian adolescents

102

56 24(8):1801-13. Reichenheim ME, Paixão CM Jr, Moraes

CL.

Portuguese (Brazil) cross-cultural adaptation of

the Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening

Test (H-S/EAST) used to identify risk of violence

against the elderly

57 24(8):1791-800. Tavares NU, Bertoldi AD, Muccillo-

Baisch AL.

Antimicrobial prescription in family health units in

Southern Brazil

58 24(8):1783-90. Gonçalves CV, Dias-da-Costa JS,

Duarte G, Marcolin AC, Garlet G, Sakai

AF, Bianchi MS.

Clinical breast examination during prenatal visits

59 24(8):1773-82. Castro SS, César CL, Carandina L,

Barros MB, Alves MC, Goldbaum M.

Visual, hearing, and physical disability

60 24(8):1753-62. Ramos CV, Almeida JA, Alberto NS,

Teles JB, Saldiva SR.

Diagnosis of the situation with breastfeeding in

Piauí State, Brazil

61 24(8):1743-52. Braga RC, Valencia LI, Medronho Rde

A, Escosteguy CC.

Estimation of risk areas for hepatitis A

62 24(7):1675-88. Schneider IJ, Ribeiro C, Breda D,

Skalinski LM, d'Orsi E.

Epidemiological profile of the clientele in HIV

Testing and Counseling Centers in Santa

Catarina State, Brazil, 2005

63 24(7):1667-74. Vieira Mde F, Araújo CL, Hallal PC,

Madruga SW, Neutzling MB,

Matijasevich A, Leal CM, Menezes AM.

Nutritional status of first to fourth-grade students

of urban schools in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul

State, Brazil

64 24(7):1651-66. Martins AM, Haikal DS, Pereira SM,

Barreto SM.

Routine use of dental services by the elderly in

Brazil

65 24(7):1641-50. Gonçalves DM, Kapczinski F. Mental disorders in a community assisted by the

Family Health Program

66 24(7):1619-30. Moreira MV, Waldman EA, Martins CL. Leprosy in Espírito Santo State, Brazil

67 24(7):1565-71. Garcias CM, Pinheiro RT, Garcias Gde

L, Horta BL, Brum CB.

Prevalence of antidepressant use and associated

factors among adults in Pelotas, Rio Grande do

Sul State, Brazil, 2006

68 24(7):1517-26. Ferreira LR, Pinheiro TM, Siqueira AL,

Carneiro AP.

Silicosis among semiprecious gem cutters in

Joaquim Felício, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

69 24(7):1509-16. Noro LR, Roncalli AG, Mendes Júnior FI,

Lima KC.

Use of dental care by children and associated

factors in Sobral, Ceará State, Brazil

70 24(7):1493-508. Camargo EC, Druck S, Monteiro AM,

Freitas CC, Câmara G.

Mapping of homicide risk with binomial cokriging

and simulation

71 24(6):1447-53. Dal Pizzol Tda S, Sanseverino MT,

Mengue SS.

Exposure to misoprostol and hormones during

pregnancy and risk of congenital anomalies.

72 24(6):1439-46. Flores VB, Benvegnú LA. Use of medicines by the elderly in Santa Rosa,

Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

73 24(6):1429-38. Prietsch SO, Fischer GB, César JA,

Lempek BS, Barbosa LV Jr, Zogbi L,

Cardoso OC, Santos AM.

Acute lower respiratory illness in under-five

children in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State,

Brazil

74 24(6):1323-33. Peixoto Mdo R, Monego ET, Alexandre

VP, Souza RG, Moura EC.

Surveillance of risk factors for chronic diseases

through telephone interviews

75 24(6):1271-8. Conceição GM, Barbosa MT. A methodology to estimate incidence from

prevalence rates in household surveys

76 24(6):1260-70. Giacomin KC, Peixoto SV, Uchoa E,

Lima-Costa MF.

A population-based study on factors associated

with functional disability among older adults in the

Great Metropolitan Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais

State, Brazil

77 24(6):1251-9. Soares JF, Cezar-Vaz MR, Mendoza-

Sassi RA, Almeida TL, Muccillo-Baisch

AL, Soares MC, Costa VZ.

Temporary workers' perceptions of occupational

risks in the port of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do

Sul State, Brazil

78 24(6):1229-38. Araújo TM, Reis EJ, Carvalho FM, Porto

LA, Reis IC, Andrade JM.

Factors associated with voice disorders among

women teachers

79 24(5):1187-91. Hasselmann MH, Faerstein E, Werneck

GL, Chor D, Lopes CS.

Association between abdominal circumference

and hypertension among women

80 24(5):1183-6. Monsalve-Castillo F, Echevarría JM,

Atencio R, Suárez A, Estévez J, Costa-

León L, Montiel P, Molero T, Zambrano

High prevalence of hepatitis B infection in

Amerindians in Japreira, Zulia State, Venezuela

81 24(5):1151-7. Lunet N, Rodrigues T, Correia S, Barros

Adequacy of prenatal care as a major

determinant of folic acid, iron, and vitamin intake

during pregnancy.

82 24(5):1141-50. Donalisio MR, Vasconcelos CH, Pereira

LE, Avila AM, Katz G.

Climatic aspects in hantavirus transmission areas

in São Paulo State, Brazil

83 24(5):1130-40. Garcia LP, Facchini LA. Hepatitis B vaccination among primary health

care workers.

84 24(5):1121-9. Gawryszewski VP, Scarpelini S, Dib JA,

Jorge MH, Pereira Junior GA, Morita M.

Treatment of injuries in emergency departments

103

85 24(5):1089-102. González DA, Victora CG, Gonçalves H. The effects of season at time of birth on asthma

and pneumonia in childhood and adulthood in a

birth cohort in southern Brazil

86 24(5):1082-8. Sbaraini CR, Schermann LB. Prevalence of childhood stress and associated

factors

87 24(5):1062-70. Souza EL, Silva LR, Sá AC, Bastos CM,

Diniz AB, Mendes CM.

Impact of hospitalization on breastfeeding

practices in a pediatric hospital in Salvador,

Bahia State, Brazil

88 24(5):1051-61. Freitas PF, Sakae TM, Jacomino ME. Medical and non-medical factors associated with

cesarean section rates in a university hospital in

southern Brazil

89 24(5):1042-50. Granados-Cosme JA, Delgado-Sánchez

Identity and mental health risks for young gays in

Mexico

90 24(5):1024-32. Cascaes AM, Gauche H, Baramarchi

FM, Borges CM, Peres KG.

Prematurity and associated factors in Santa

Catarina State, Brazil, in 2005

91 24(5):993-1000. Watanabe AM, Pianovski MA, Zanis

Neto J, Lichtvan LC, Chautard-Freire-

Maia EA, Domingos MT, Wittig EO.

Prevalence of hemoglobin S in the State of

Paraná, Brazil, based on neonatal screening

92 24(5):983-92. Höfelmann DA, Blank N. Identification of confounders in the association

between self-reported diseases and symptoms

and self-rated health in a group of factory

workers.

93 24(5):965-74. Rossi D, Radulich G, Muzzio E, Naveira

J, Sosa-Estani S, Rey J, Griemberg G,

Friedman SR, Martínez-Peralta L,

Weissenbacher M.

Multiple infections and associated risk factors

among non-injecting cocaine users in Argentina.

94 24(4):915-25. Rosa Filho LA, Fassa AG, Paniz VM. Factors associated with interpersonal continuity

of care

95 24(4):897-904. Almeida ER, Narvai PC, Frazão P,

Guedes-Pinto AC.

Revised criteria for the assessment and

interpretation of occlusal deviations in the

deciduous dentition

96 24(4):887-96. Domingos MP, Caiaffa WT, Colosimo

EA.

Mortality, TB/HIV co-infection, and treatment

dropout

97 24(4):879-86. Santos JL, Lebrão ML, Duarte YA, Lima

FD.

Functional performance of the elderly in

instrumental activities of daily living

98 24(4):845-52. Camargos MC, Machado CJ, Rodrigues

RN.

Life expectancy among elderly Brazilians in 2003

according to different levels of functional

disability.

99 24(4):835-44. Silva CM, Gigante DP, Minten GC. Premenstrual symptoms and syndrome

according to age at menarche in a 1982 birth

cohort in southern Brazil.

100 24(4):829-34. Campos VR, Salgado R, Rocha MC,

Duailibi S, Laranjeira R.

Drinking-and-driving prevalence in Belo

Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

101 24(4):820-8. Lima FE, Latorre Mdo R, Costa MJ,

Fisberg RM.

Diet and cancer in Northeast Brazil

102 24(4):793-9. Soeiro RE, Colombo ES, Ferreira MH,

Guimarães PS, Botega NJ,

Dalgalarrondo P.

Religion and psychiatric disorders in patients

admitted to a university general hospital

103 24(4):785-92. Oliva A, Biasatti R, Cloquell S, González

C, Olego S, Gelin A.

Is there any relationship between rural

environmental factors and reproductive health in

the Pampa Humeda in Argentina?

104 24(4):777-84. Borges BK, Silva JA, Haddad JP,

Moreira EC, Magalhães DF, Ribeiro LM,

Fiúza Vde O.

Assessment of knowledge and preventive

attitudes concerning visceral leishmaniasis in

Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

105 24(4):755-66. Asmus CI, Alonzo HG, Palácios M, Silva

AP, Freitas Filhote MI, Buosi D, Câmara

Vde M.

Assessment of human health risk from

organochlorine pesticide residues in Cidade dos

Meninos, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro,

Brazil.

106 24(3):643-52. Martins M, Blais R, Miranda NN. Evaluation of the Charlson comorbidity index

among inpatients in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo

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107 24(3):567-76. Fonseca SA, Blank VL, Barros MV,

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Self-perceived health and associated factors in

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108 24(3):558-66. Fonseca TM, Cesar JA, Hackenhaar AA,

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Self-reported vaginal discharge among pregnant

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109 24(3):535-46. Alves LC, Leite Ida C, Machado CJ. Health profile of the elderly in Brazil

110 24(3):503-12. Alves E, Vasconcelos Fde A, Calvo MC,

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Prevalence of symptoms of anorexia nervosa and

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104

111 24(3):495-502. Almeida TF, Vianna MI, Santana VS,

Gomes Filho IS.

Occupational exposure to acid mists and

periodontal attachment loss.

112 24(2):438-46. Guerra FA, Llerena Jr JC, Gama SG,

Cunha CB, Theme Filha MM.

Reliability of birth defect data on birth certificates

of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2004

113 24(2):409-15. Fiedler MM, Peres KG. Functional status and associated factors among

the elderly in a southern Brazilian city

114 24(2):391-401. Carellos EV, Andrade GM, Aguiar RA. Evaluation of prenatal screening for

toxoplasmosis in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais

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115 24(2):353-63. Dias-da-Costa JS, Olinto MT, Gigante

DP, Menezes AM, Macedo S, Daltoé T,

Santos Ida S, Fuchs SC.

Use of outpatient services in Pelotas, Rio Grande

do Sul State, Brazil

116 24(2):333-41. Margonato FB, Thomson Z, Paoliello

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Causes of acute poisoning with medication in a

southern Brazilian city

117 24(2):315-22. Souza RC, Pinheiro RS, Coeli CM,

Camargo Jr KR.

The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) for

adjustment of hip fracture mortality in the elderly

118 24(2):303-14. Silva Sobrinho RA, Mathias TA. Prospects for the elimination of leprosy as a

public health problem in the State of Paraná,

Brazil

119 24(2):287-94. Ladeira RM, Barreto SM. Factors associated with pre-hospital care in

victims of traffic accidents

120 24(2):281-6. Silva MR, Marques MJ, Romanha AJ,

Santa-Rosa IC, Carneiro CM, Reis AB.

Autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis in a

non-endemic area

121 24(2):267-80. Paniz VM, Fassa AG, Facchini LA,

Bertoldi AD, Piccini RX, Tomasi E,

Thumé E, Silva da Silveira D, Siqueira

FV, Rodrigues MA.

Access to continuous-use medication among

adults and the elderly in South and Northeast

Brazil

122 24(1):225-9. Baptista EK, Marcon SS, Souza RK. Evaluation of coverage by family health teams for

fatal stroke victims in Maringá, Paraná State,

Brazil

123 24(1):179-87. Jobim R, Aerts D. Avoidable infant mortality and associated factors

in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, 2000-2003

124 24(1):150-6. Kramer PF, Ardenghi TM, Ferreira S,

Fischer Lde A, Cardoso L, Feldens CA.

Use of dental services by preschool children in

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125 24(1):140-9. Guerra FA, Llerena JC Jr, Gama SG,

Cunha CB, Theme Filha MM.

Birth defects in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

126 24(1):113-21. Duquia RP, Dumith Sde C, Reichert FF,

Madruga SW, Duro LN, Menezes AM,

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Epidemiology of elevated triciptal and

subscapular skinfolds in adolescents

127 24(1):81-92. Martins AM, Barreto SM, Pordeus IA. Characteristics associated with use of dental

services by dentate and edentulous elders

128 24(1):55-69. Chiesa AM, Westphal MF, Akerman M. Acute respiratory diseases

129 24(1):39-54. Siqueira FV, Facchini LA, Piccini RX,

Tomasi E, Thumé E, Silveira DS, Hallal

PC.

Physical activity in young adults and the elderly in

areas covered by primary health care units in

municipalities in the South and Northeast of

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Ciência e Saúde Pública – Ano: 2008

Nº Vol/Pg Autores Título

1 13 Suppl 2:2257-67 Pires CG, Mussi FC. Health beliefs for the control of arterial

hypertension

2 13 Suppl 2:2155-62 Peres SH, de Carvalho FS, de Carvalho

CP, Bastos JR, Lauris JR.

Polarization of dental caries in teen-agers in the

southwest of the State of São Paulo, Brazil

3 13 Suppl 2:2049-58. Silva LS, Pinheiro TM, Sakurai E. Absenteeism profile in a state bank in Minas

Gerais between 1998-2003

4 13(6):1917-22. Batista Filho M, de Souza AI, Bresani

CC.

Anemia as a public health problem: the current

situation

5 13(6):1859-68. de Amorim CM, Szapiro AM. Analyzing the risk problem in couples with

serodiscordance

6 13(6):1729-42. Wright RJ, Suglia SF, Levy J, Fortun K,

Shields A, Subramanian S, Wright R.

Transdisciplinary research strategies for

understanding socially patterned disease: the

Asthma Coalition on Community, Environment,

and Social Stress (ACCESS) project as a case

study.

7 13(5):1661-8. Neves EB. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among

members of the Brazilian army: association with

arterial hypertension

105

8 13(5):1543-51. Xavier AJ, dos Reis SS, Paulo EM,

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Time of adhesion to the Family Health Strategy

protects elderly against cardiovascular and

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to 2007

9 13(5):1521-34. Dias MA, Domingues RM, Pereira AP,

Fonseca SC, da Gama SG, Theme Filha

MM, Bittencourt SD, da Rocha PM,

Schilithz AO, Leal Mdo C.

The decision of women for cesarean birth: a case

study in two units of the supplementary health

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10 13(4):1337-42. Gonçalves IR, Padovani C, Popim RC. Demographic and epidemiological

characterization of men with prostate cancer

11 13(4):1331-6. Popim RC, Corrente JE, Marino JA, de

Souza CA.

Skin cancer: use of preventive measures and

demographic profile of a risk group in the city of

Botucatu

12 13(4):1257-64. Parahyba MI, Veras R. Socio-demographic differentials in the functional

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13 13(4):1237-46 Bueno JM, Martino HS, Fernandes MF,

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Nutritional evaluation and prevalence of not

transmissible chronic disease in elderly

participating in an assistance program

14 13(4):1219-26. Bortolon PC, de Medeiros EF, Naves

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Analysis of the self-medication pattern among

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15 13(4):1209-18. de Menezes RL, Bachion MM. Study of intrinsic risk factors for falls in

institutionalized elderly people

16 13(3):1033-40. Germano FN, da Silva TM, Mendoza-

Sassi R, Martínez AM.

High prevalence of users who did not return to

the Testing and Counseling Center (TCC) for

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17 13(2):507-16. Picoloto D, da Silveira E. Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and

associated factors among metal industry workers

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18 13(2):477-86. Martins IS, de Oliveira DC, Marinho SP,

de Araújo EA.

Hypertension in impoverished social segments in

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19 13(2):399-406. Koller SH. Ethics in research with human beings: some

issues about psychology.

20 13(1):165-74. Iriart JA, de Oliveira RP, Xavier Sda S,

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Representations of informal jobs and health risks

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International Journal of Epidemiology – Ano: 2008

Nº Vol/Pg Autores Título

1 37(6):1333-40 Trogstad L, Magnus P, Skjaerven R,

Stoltenberg C.

Previous abortions and risk of pre-eclampsia.

2 37(6):1287-96. Jia Y, et al. Estimates of HIV prevalence in a highly endemic

area of China: Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan

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3 37(5):1030-40. Tanabe N, Suzuki H, Aizawa Y, Seki N. Consumption of green and roasted teas and the

risk of stroke incidence: results from the

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4 37(6):1297-303. Msisha WM, Kapiga SH, Earls F,

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Socioeconomic status and HIV seroprevalence in

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5 37(6):1384-92. van Hooijdonk C, Droomers M,

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The diversity in associations between community

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"Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child

7 37(6):1204-8. Segall JJ. Hypothesis: is lactose a dietary risk factor for

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Epidemiological evidence from two decades of

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9 37(6):1422-9. Groenwold RH, Hoes AW, Nichol KL,

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10 37(6):1430-5. Ludbrook J. Analysis of 2 x 2 tables of frequencies: matching

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17 37(4):729-37. Bastos FI, Cáceres C, Galvão J, Veras

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18 37(6):1316-25. Capellá G, et al. DNA repair polymorphisms and the risk of

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19 37(5):1018-29. Fortes C, Mastroeni S, Melchi F, Pilla

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21 37(6):1395-405. Ikeda A, Iso H, Kawachi I, Inoue M,

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22 37(6):1349-58. Götschi T, et al. Air pollution and lung function in the European

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23 37(4):879-90. Scazufca M, et al. Risk factors across the life course and dementia

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24 37(5):1008-17. Turunen AW, et al. Mortality in a cohort with high fish consumption.

25 37(5):1109-20. Morgen CS, Bjørk C, Andersen PK,

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27 37(4):841-51. d'Arc Lyra Batista J, de Fátima Pessoa

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28 37(6):1367-74. Osler M, Godtfredsen NS, Prescott E. Childhood social circumstances and health

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29 37(5):1069-79. Pirie K, Beral V, Peto R, Roddam A,

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33 37(6):1326-32. Kelaher M, Cawson J, Miller J,

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34 37(5):1181-9. Madan I, Reading I, Palmer KT, Coggon

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35 37(4):786-95. Nájera-Ortiz JC, Sánchez-Pérez HJ,

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38 37(5):1161-8. Palmer TM, Thompson JR, Tobin MD,

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39 37(5):1059-66. Dowd JB, Aiello AE. Did national folic acid fortification reduce

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40 37(5):1142-7. Martens EP, Pestman WR, de Boer A,

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41 37(3):583-90. Rebordosa C, Kogevinas M, Sørensen

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42 37(3):669-77. Thygesen LC, Mørch LS, Keiding N,

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43 37(5):990-1004. Sauvaget C, Ramadas K, Thomas G,

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44 37(3):627-37. Krieger N. Hormone therapy and the rise and perhaps fall of

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45 37(3):549-58. Cumberland P, Edwards T, Hailu G,

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46 37(3):604-14. Hart C, McConnachie A, Upton M, Watt

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47 37(3):573-82. Anderson HR, Gupta R, Kapetanakis V,

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49 37(3):506-18. McGeoghegan D, Binks K, Gillies M,

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The non-cancer mortality experience of male

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50 37(3):536-46 Vaccarella S, et al. Smoking and human papillomavirus infection:

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51 37(6):1246-53. Londish GJ, Murray JM. Significant reduction in HIV prevalence according

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55 37(3):559-69. Ponsonby AL, Glasgow N, Pezic A,

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56 37(6):1220-6. Raitakari OT, et al. Cohort profile: the cardiovascular risk in Young

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59 38(3):698-705. Obel C, et al. "Smoking during pregnancy and

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66 37(1):201-9. Bogin B, Varela-Silva MI. Fatness biases the use of estimated leg length as

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69 37(3):615-24. Gilman SE, Martin LT, Abrams DB,

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71 37(1):210-6. von Kries R, Bolte G, Baghi L, Toschke

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72 37(1):106-12. Cliff AD, Haggett P, Smallman-Raynor

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77 37(1):194-200. Manesh AO, Sheldon TA, Pickett KE,

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78 37(1):185-92. Bergvall N, Lindam A, Pawitan Y,

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11 61(8):803-12. Jansen AG, Sanders EA, Wallinga J,

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12 61(9):958-63. Osler M, Kriegbaum M, Christensen U,

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15 61(6):580-7. Radley DC, Gottlieb DJ, Fisher ES,

Tosteson AN.

Comorbidity risk-adjustment strategies are

comparable among persons with hip fracture.

16 61(6):572-9. Sabour S, Atsma F, Rutten A, Grobbee

DE, Mali W, Prokop M, Bots ML.

Multi Detector-Row Computed Tomography

(MDCT) had excellent reproducibility of coronary

calcium measurements.

17 61(6):537-45. Austin PC. The performance of different propensity-score

methods for estimating relative risks.

18 61(7):728-32. Holden L, Ware RS, Passey M. Characteristics of nonparticipants differed based

on reason for nonparticipation: a study involving

the chronically ill.

19 61(8):763-9. Brok J, Thorlund K, Gluud C, Wetterslev

Trial sequential analysis reveals insufficient

information size and potentially false positive

results in many meta-analyses.

20 61(8):796-802. Rius C, Pérez G, Rodríguez-Sanz M,

Fernàndez E; COHESCA Study Group.

Comorbidity index was successfully validated

among men but not in women.

21 61(7):671-8. McAlindon T, Wang J, Formica M, Kay

A, Tighiouart H, Chaisson C, Fletcher J.

Feasibility and validity were demonstrated of an

online case-control study using the prototype of

recent-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.

22 61(8):776-87. McClamroch KJ, Kaufman JS, Behets

FM.

A formal decision analysis identifies an optimal

treatment strategy in a resource-poor setting.

23 61(4):386-393. Kadam UT, Schellevis FG, van der

Windt DA, de Vet HC, Bouter LM, Croft

PR.

Morbidity severity classifying routine

consultations from English and Dutch general

practice indicated physical health status.

24 61(4):380-5. O'Reilly D, Rosato M, Connolly S. Unlinked vital events in census-based

longitudinal studies can bias subsequent

analysis.

25 61(4):365-72. Koller MT, Stijnen T, Steyerberg EW,

Lubsen J.

Meta-analyses of chronic disease trials with

competing causes of death may yield biased

odds ratios.

26 61(3):301-7. Boissel JP, Cucherat M, Nony P,

Chabaud S, Gueyffier F, Wright JM,

Lièvre M, Leizorovicz A.

New insights on the relation between untreated

and treated outcomes for a given therapy effect

model is not necessarily linear.

27 61(3):261-267. Lyratzopoulos G, Heller RF, Hanily M,

Lewis PS.

Risk factor measurement quality in primary care

routine data was variable but nondifferential

between individuals.

28 61(3):247-55. McCandless LC, Gustafson P, Levy AR. A sensitivity analysis using information about

measured confounders yielded improved

uncertainty assessments for unmeasured

confounding.

29 61(2):177-85. Drummond FJ, Sharp L, Carsin AE,

Kelleher T, Comber H.

Questionnaire order significantly increased

response to a postal survey sent to primary care

physicians.

30 61(2):135-41. Roukema J, van Loenhout RB,

Steyerberg EW, Moons KG, Bleeker SE,

Moll HA.

Polytomous regression did not outperform

dichotomous logistic regression in diagnosing

serious bacterial infections in febrile children.

110

31 61(2):125-34. Biesheuvel CJ, Vergouwe Y, Steyerberg

EW, Grobbee DE, Moons KG.

Polytomous logistic regression analysis could be

applied more often in diagnostic research.

32 61(1):87-94. Hansen AB, Gerstoft J, Kirk O,

Mathiesen L, Pedersen C, Nielsen H,

Jensen-Fangel S, Sørensen HT, Obel N.

Unmeasured confounding caused slightly better

response to HAART within than outside a

randomized controlled trial.

33 61(1):76-86. Janssen KJ, Moons KG, Kalkman CJ,

Grobbee DE, Vergouwe Y.

Updating methods improved the performance of

a clinical prediction model in new patients.

34 61(1):52-63. Chan SF, Deeks JJ, Macaskill P, Irwig L. Three methods to construct predictive models

using logistic regression and likelihood ratios to

facilitate adjustment for pretest probability give

similar results.

Lancet – Ano: 2008

Nº Vol/Pg Autores Título

1 372(9645):1207-8. Kapp C. New hope for health in South Africa.

2 372(9654):1997-9. Gérvas J, Starfield B, Heath I. Is clinical prevention better than cure?

3 372(9653):1869-70. Bristol N. New hopes for tackling HIV/AIDS in the USA.

4 372(9652):1835-45. Coleman HR, Chan CC, Ferris FL 3rd,

Chew EY.

Age-related macular degeneration.

5 372(9653):1881-93.

Epub 2008 Nov 13.

Buchbinder SP, Mehrotra DV, Duerr A,

Fitzgerald DW, Mogg R, Li D, Gilbert

PB, Lama JR, Marmor M, Del Rio C,

McElrath MJ, Casimiro DR, Gottesdiener

KM, Chodakewitz JA, Corey L,

Robertson MN; Step Study Protocol

Team.

Efficacy assessment of a cell-mediated immunity

HIV-1 vaccine (the Step Study): a double-blind,

randomised, placebo-controlled, test-of-concept

trial.

6 372(9656):2124-31. Jagger C, Gillies C, Moscone F,

Cambois E, Van Oyen H, Nusselder W,

Robine JM; EHLEIS team.

Inequalities in healthy life years in the 25

countries of the European Union in 2005: a

cross-national meta-regression analysis.

7 372(9650):1648-54. Kivimäki M, Shipley MJ, Ferrie JE,

Singh-Manoux A, Batty GD, Chandola T,

Marmot MG, Smith GD.

Best-practice interventions to reduce

socioeconomic inequalities of coronary heart

disease mortality in UK: a prospective

occupational cohort study.

8 372(9649):1555-62. O'Meara WP, Bejon P, Mwangi TW,

Okiro EA, Peshu N, Snow RW, Newton

CR, Marsh K.

Effect of a fall in malaria transmission on

morbidity and mortality in Kilifi, Kenya.

9 372(9648):1502-17. Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis.

10 372(9653):1906-13.

Epub 2008 Oct 22.

Astrup A, Madsbad S, Breum L, Jensen

TJ, Kroustrup JP, Larsen TM.

Effect of tesofensine on bodyweight loss, body

composition, and quality of life in obese patients:

a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled

trial.

11 372(9644):1137-8. Solberg KE. Lebanese turn to drugs to treat mental-health

problems.

12 372(9647):1369-71. Silberstein SD. Recent developments in migraine.

13 372(9647):1367-9. Aiga H. How many people are really hungry?

14 372(9650):1697-705. Yang G, Kong L, Zhao W, Wan X, Zhai

Y, Chen LC, Koplan JP.

Emergence of chronic non-communicable

diseases in China.

15 372(9652):1791-3. Zhang KL, Detels R, Liao S, Cohen M,

Yu DB.

China's HIV/AIDS epidemic: continuing

challenges.

16 372(9646):1281-3. Karelis AD. Metabolically healthy but obese individuals.

17 372(9652):1828-34. Ennis S, Jomary C, Mullins R, Cree A,

Chen X, Macleod A, Jones S, Collins A,

Stone E, Lotery A.

Association between the SERPING1 gene and

age-related macular degeneration: a two-stage

case-control study.

18 372(9648):1473-83. Lin HH, Murray M, Cohen T, Colijn C,

Ezzati M.

Effects of smoking and solid-fuel use on COPD,

lung cancer, and tuberculosis in China: a time-

based, multiple risk factor, modelling study.

19 372(9654):1953-61. Dehghan A, et al. Association of three genetic loci with uric acid

concentration and risk of gout: a genome-wide

association study.

20 372(9651):1746-55. Näntö-Salonen K, et al. Nasal insulin to prevent type 1 diabetes in

children with HLA genotypes and autoantibodies

conferring increased risk of disease: a double-

blind, randomised controlled trial.

21 372(9643):1058-64. Stern DA, Morgan WJ, Halonen M,

Wright AL, Martinez FD.

Wheezing and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in

early childhood as predictors of newly diagnosed

asthma in early adulthood: a longitudinal birth-

cohort study.

22 372(9643):1049-57. Shaaban R, et al. Rhinitis and onset of asthma: a longitudinal

population-based study.

111

23 372(9643):1039-48. Beasley R, Clayton T, Crane J, von

Mutius E, Lai CK, Montefort S, Stewart

A; ISAAC Phase Three Study Group.

Association between paracetamol use in infancy

and childhood, and risk of asthma,

rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in children aged

6-7 years: analysis from Phase Three of the

ISAAC programme.

24 372(9646):1319-27. Kenyon S, Pike K, Jones DR,

Brocklehurst P, Marlow N, Salt A, Taylor

DJ.

Childhood outcomes after prescription of

antibiotics to pregnant women with spontaneous

preterm labour: 7-year follow-up of the ORACLE

II trial.

25 372(9646):1310-8. Kenyon S, Pike K, Jones DR,

Brocklehurst P, Marlow N, Salt A, Taylor

DJ.

Childhood outcomes after prescription of

antibiotics to pregnant women with preterm

rupture of the membranes: 7-year follow-up of the

ORACLE I trial.

26 372(9646):1303-9. Wahlgren N, Ahmed N, Dávalos A,

Hacke W, Millán M, Muir K, Roine RO,

Toni D, Lees KR; SITS investigators.

Thrombolysis with alteplase 3-4.5 h after acute

ischaemic stroke (SITS-ISTR): an observational

study.

27 372(9642):950-61. Rohde J, Cousens S, Chopra M,

Tangcharoensathien V, Black R, Bhutta

ZA, Lawn JE.

30 years after Alma-Ata: has primary health care

worked in countries?

28 372(9642):902-9. Rahman A, Malik A, Sikander S, Roberts

C, Creed F.

Cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention

by community health workers for mothers with

depression and their infants in rural Pakistan: a

cluster-randomised controlled trial.

29 372(9641):860-1. Salay R, Lincoln P. Health impact assessments in the European

Union.

30 372(9641):786-7. Mak TK, Hesseling AC, Hussey GD,

Cotton MF.

Making BCG vaccination programmes safer in

the HIV era.

31 372(9640):697-9. Bhatti P, Sigurdson AJ, Mabuchi K. Can low-dose radiation increase risk of

cardiovascular disease?

32 372(9641):817-21. Fox K, Ford I, Steg PG, Tendera M,

Robertson M, Ferrari R; BEAUTIFUL

investigators.

Heart rate as a prognostic risk factor in patients

with coronary artery disease and left-ventricular

systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a subgroup

analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

33 372(9644):1174-83. Telmisartan Randomised AssessmeNt

Study in ACE iNtolerant subjects with

cardiovascular Disease (TRANSCEND)

Investigators, Yusuf S, Teo K, Anderson

C, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland I,

Schumacher H, Dagenais G, Sleight P.

Effects of the angiotensin-receptor blocker

telmisartan on cardiovascular events in high-risk

patients intolerant to angiotensin-converting

enzyme inhibitors: a randomised controlled trial.

34 372(9640):744-9. Kandun IN, Tresnaningsih E, Purba WH,

Lee V, Samaan G, Harun S, Soni E,

Septiawati C, Setiawati T, Sariwati E,

Wandra T.

Factors associated with case fatality of human

H5N1 virus infections in Indonesia: a case series.

35 372(9638):562-9. Wijeysundera DN, Beattie WS, Austin

PC, Hux JE, Laupacis A.

Epidural anaesthesia and survival after

intermediate-to-high risk non-cardiac surgery: a

population-based cohort study.

36 372(9641):845-59. Piot P, Bartos M, Larson H, Zewdie D,

Mane P.

Coming to terms with complexity: a call to action

for HIV prevention.

37 372(9645):1251-62. Zimmermann MB, Jooste PL, Pandav

CS.

Iodine-deficiency disorders.

38 372(9636):398-405. Jackson ML, Nelson JC, Weiss NS,

Neuzil KM, Barlow W, Jackson LA.

Influenza vaccination and risk of community-

acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent elderly

people: a population-based, nested case-control

study.

39 372(9636):392-7. Fukase K, Kato M, Kikuchi S, Inoue K,

Uemura N, Okamoto S, Terao S,

Amagai K, Hayashi S, Asaka M; Japan

Gast Study Group.

Effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori on

incidence of metachronous gastric carcinoma

after endoscopic resection of early gastric

cancer: an open-label, randomised controlled

trial.

40 372(9635):279-80. McGirk J. Religious leaders key in the Middle East's

HIV/AIDS fight.

41 372(9637):464-74. Llibre Rodriguez JJ, et al. Prevalence of dementia in Latin America, India,

and China: a population-based cross-sectional

survey.

42 372(9635):341-3. Renggli V, De Ryck I, Jacob S, Yeneneh

H, Sirgu S, Sebuyira LM, Pfitzer A,

Downing J, Portillo C, Murray J, Gove S,

Colebunders R.

HIV education for health-care professionals in

high prevalence countries: time to integrate a

pre-service approach into training.

43 372(9635):337-40. Aral SO, Adimora AA, Fenton KA. Understanding and responding to disparities in

HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in

African Americans.

112

44 372(9635):300-13. Six Week Extended-Dose Nevirapine

(SWEN) Study Team, Bedri A, Gudetta

B, Isehak A, Kumbi S, Lulseged S,

Mengistu Y, Bhore AV, Bhosale R,

Varadhrajan V, Gupte N, Sastry J,

Suryavanshi N, Tripathy S, Mmiro F,

Mubiru M, Onyango C, Taylor A,

Musoke P, Nakabiito C, Abashawl A,

Adamu R, Antelman G, Bollinger RC,

Bright P, Chaudhary MA, Coberly J,

Guay L, Fowler MG, Gupta A, Hassen E,

Jackson JB, Moulton LH, Nayak U,

Omer SB, Propper L, Ram M, Rexroad

V, Ruff AJ, Shankar A, Zwerski S.

Extended-dose nevirapine to 6 weeks of age for

infants to prevent HIV transmission via

breastfeeding in Ethiopia, India, and Uganda: an

analysis of three randomised controlled trials.

45 372(9634):224-33. McQueen MJ, et al. Lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins as risk

markers of myocardial infarction in 52 countries

(the INTERHEART study): a case-control study.

46 372(9633):127-38. Clarke SE, Jukes MC, Njagi JK,

Khasakhala L, Cundill B, Otido J,

Crudder C, Estambale BB, Brooker S.

Effect of intermittent preventive treatment of

malaria on health and education in

schoolchildren: a cluster-randomised, double-

blind, placebo-controlled trial.

47 372(9638):554-61. Chen YS, Lin JW, Yu HY, Ko WJ, Jerng

JS, Chang WT, Chen WJ, Huang SC,

Chi NH, Wang CH, Chen LC, Tsai PR,

Wang SS, Hwang JJ, Lin FY.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation with assisted

extracorporeal life-support versus conventional

cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults with in-

hospital cardiac arrest: an observational study

and propensity analysis.

48 372(9632):40-8. Strong V, Waters R, Hibberd C, Murray

G, Wall L, Walker J, McHugh G, Walker

A, Sharpe M.

Management of depression for people with

cancer (SMaRT oncology 1): a randomised trial.

49 372(9633):145-54. Wood C, Srivastava P, Bukowski R,

Lacombe L, Gorelov AI, Gorelov S,

Mulders P, Zielinski H, Hoos A,

Teofilovici F, Isakov L, Flanigan R, Figlin

R, Gupta R, Escudier B; C-100-12 RCC

Study Group.

An adjuvant autologous therapeutic vaccine

(HSPPC-96; vitespen) versus observation alone

for patients at high risk of recurrence after

nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: a

multicentre, open-label, randomised phase III

trial.

50 371(9631):2160-1. Hyde R. Europe battles with obesity.

51 371(9631):2183-91. Dunkle KL, Stephenson R, Karita E,

Chomba E, Kayitenkore K, Vwalika C,

Greenberg L, Allen S.

New heterosexually transmitted HIV infections in

married or cohabiting couples in urban Zambia

and Rwanda: an analysis of survey and clinical

data.

52 371(9631):2173-82. Wen CP, Cheng TY, Tsai MK, Chang

YC, Chan HT, Tsai SP, Chiang PH, Hsu

CC, Sung PK, Hsu YH, Wen SF.

All-cause mortality attributable to chronic kidney

disease: a prospective cohort study based on

462 293 adults in Taiwan.

53 371(9630):2109-19. Celum C, Wald A, Hughes J, Sanchez J,

Reid S, Delany-Moretlwe S, Cowan F,

Casapia M, Ortiz A, Fuchs J, Buchbinder

S, Koblin B, Zwerski S, Rose S, Wang J,

Corey L; HPTN 039 Protocol Team.

Effect of aciclovir on HIV-1 acquisition in herpes

simplex virus 2 seropositive women and men

who have sex with men: a randomised, double-

blind, placebo-controlled trial.

54 371(9630):2068-70 De Cock KM, De Lay P. HIV/AIDS estimates and the quest for universal

access.

55 371(9629):1992-3. Lewens T. The art of medicine. Taking sensible precautions.

56 371(9629):1999-2012. Wood DA, Kotseva K, Connolly S,

Jennings C, Mead A, Jones J, Holden A,

De Bacquer D, Collier T, De Backer G,

Faergeman O; EUROACTION Study

Group.

Nurse-coordinated multidisciplinary

57 371(9629):1980-1. Li S, Wei H, Zheng Q. Elimination of iodine-deficiency disorders in Tibet.

58 371(9628):1936-44. Baqui AH, et al. Effect of community-based newborn-care

intervention package implemented through two

service-delivery strategies in Sylhet district,

Bangladesh: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

59 371(9628):1921-6. Douma S, Petidis K, Doumas M,

Papaefthimiou P, Triantafyllou A, Kartali

N, Papadopoulos N, Vogiatzis K,

Zamboulis C.

Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in

resistant hypertension: a retrospective

observational study.

60 371(9626):1769-76. Bellary S, O'Hare JP, Raymond NT,

Gumber A, Mughal S, Szczepura A,

Kumar S, Barnett AH; UKADS Study

Group.

Enhanced diabetes care to patients of south

Asian ethnic origin (the United Kingdom Asian

Diabetes Study): a cluster randomised controlled

trial.

113

61 371(9628):1927-35. Sattar N, McConnachie A, Shaper AG,

Blauw GJ, Buckley BM, de Craen AJ,

Ford I, Forouhi NG, Freeman DJ,

Jukema JW, Lennon L, Macfarlane PW,

Murphy MB, Packard CJ, Stott DJ,

Westendorp RG, Whincup PH,

Shepherd J, Wannamethee SG.

Can metabolic syndrome usefully predict

cardiovascular disease and diabetes? Outcome

data from two prospective studies.

62 371(9627):1839-47. POISE Study Group, Devereaux PJ,

Yang H, Yusuf S, Guyatt G, Leslie K,

Villar JC, Xavier D, Chrolavicius S,

Greenspan L, Pogue J, Pais P, Liu L, Xu

S, Málaga G, Avezum A, Chan M,

Montori VM, Jacka M, Choi P.

Effects of extended-release metoprolol succinate

in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery

(POISE trial): a randomised controlled trial.

63 371(9624):1603-11. Jahn A, Floyd S, Crampin AC,

Mwaungulu F, Mvula H, Munthali F,

McGrath N, Mwafilaso J, Mwinuka V,

Mangongo B, Fine PE, Zaba B, Glynn

JR.

Population-level effect of HIV on adult mortality

and early evidence of reversal after introduction

of antiretroviral therapy in Malawi.

64 371(9624):1595-602. Campbell R, Starkey F, Holliday J,

Audrey S, Bloor M, Parry-Langdon N,

Hughes R, Moore L.

An informal school-based peer-led intervention

for smoking prevention in adolescence (ASSIST):

a cluster randomised trial.

65 371(9623):1486-8. Kuipers EJ, Surawicz CM. Clostridium difficile infection.

66 371(9623):1505-12. Richards JB, et al. Bone mineral density, osteoporosis, and

osteoporotic fractures: a genome-wide

association study.

67 371(9622):1435-42. Xavier D, Pais P, Devereaux PJ, Xie C,

Prabhakaran D, Reddy KS, Gupta R,

Joshi P, Kerkar P, Thanikachalam S,

Haridas KK, Jaison TM, Naik S, Maity

AK, Yusuf S; CREATE registry

investigators.

Treatment and outcomes of acute coronary

syndromes in India (CREATE): a prospective

analysis of registry data.

68 371(9621):1343-52. Righini M, et al. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism by

multidetector CT alone or combined with venous

ultrasonography of the leg: a randomised non-

inferiority trial.

69 371(9621):1317-9. Harrison JL, Hoen B, Prendergast BD. Antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis.

70 371(9619):1173-80. Hiyama E, et al. Effectiveness of screening for neuroblastoma at 6

months of age: a retrospective population-based

cohort study.

71 371(9619):1165-72. Ellsberg M, et al. Intimate partner violence and women's physical

and mental health in the WHO multi-country

study on women's health and domestic violence:

an observational study.

72 371(9622):1417-26. D:A:D Study Group, et al. Use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

and risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-infected

patients enrolled in the D:A:D study: a multi-

cohort collaboration.

73 371(9617):975-6. Chatterjee P. Anti-human-trafficking law sparks debate in India.

74 371(9618):1108-13. von Gottberg A, et al. Emergence of levofloxacin-non-susceptible

Streptococcus pneumoniae and treatment for

multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in children in

South Africa: a cohort observational surveillance

study.

75 371(9617):987-97. Smolen JS, Beaulieu A, et al. Effect of interleukin-6 receptor inhibition with

tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

(OPTION study): a double-blind, placebo-

controlled, randomised trial.

76 371(9617):969-70 Smith C, Richardus JH. Leprosy strategy is about control, not eradication.

77 371(9617):968-9. Walker IA, Wilson IH. Anaesthesia in developing countries--a risk for

patients.

78 371(9616):923-31. Gaziano TA, Young CR, Fitzmaurice G,

Atwood S, Gaziano JM.

Laboratory-based versus non-laboratory-based

method for assessment of cardiovascular disease

risk: the NHANES I Follow-up Study cohort.

79 371(9616):915-22. Sliwa K, Wilkinson D, Hansen C,

Ntyintyane L, Tibazarwa K, Becker A,

Stewart S.

Spectrum of heart disease and risk factors in a

black urban population in South Africa (the Heart

of Soweto Study): a cohort study.

80 371(9615):828-37. Fernald LC, Gertler PJ, Neufeld LM. Role of cash in conditional cash transfer

programmes for child health, growth, and

development: an analysis of Mexico's

Oportunidades.

114

81 371(9614):736-43. Wong TY, Liew G, Tapp RJ, Schmidt MI,

Wang JJ, Mitchell P, Klein R, Klein BE,

Zimmet P, Shaw J.

Relation between fasting glucose and retinopathy

for diagnosis of diabetes: three population-based

cross-sectional studies.

82 371(9609):322-8. Semba RD, de Pee S, Sun K, Sari M,

Akhter N, Bloem MW.

Effect of parental formal education on risk of child

stunting in Indonesia and Bangladesh: a cross-

sectional study.

83 371(9609):315-21. Amadeus Investigators, Bousser MG,

Bouthier J, Büller HR, Cohen AT, Crijns

H, Davidson BL, Halperin J, Hankey G,

Levy S, Pengo V, Prandoni P, Prins MH,

Tomkowski W, Torp-Pedersen C, Wyse

DG.

Comparison of idraparinux with vitamin K

antagonists for prevention of thromboembolism in

patients with atrial fibrillation: a randomised,

open-label, non-inferiority trial.

84 371(9609):303-14. Collaborative Group on Epidemiological

Studies of Ovarian Cancer, Beral V, Doll

R, Hermon C, Peto R, Reeves G.

Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives:

collaborative reanalysis of data from 45

epidemiological studies including 23,257 women

with ovarian cancer and 87,303 controls.

85 371(9612):552-3. Kushner HI. History as a medical tool.

86 371(9612):588-95. Ruel MT, Menon P, Habicht JP, Loechl

C, Bergeron G, Pelto G, Arimond M,

Maluccio J, Michaud L, Hankebo B.

Age-based preventive targeting of food

assistance and behaviour change and

communication for reduction of childhood

undernutrition in Haiti: a cluster randomised trial.

87 371(9612):579-87. Eddleston M, Juszczak E, Buckley NA,

Senarathna L, Mohamed F,

Dissanayake W, Hittarage A, Azher S,

Jeganathan K, Jayamanne S, Sheriff

MR, Warrell DA; Ox-Col Poisoning

Study collaborators.

Multiple-dose activated charcoal in acute self-

poisoning: a randomised controlled trial.

88 371(9613):651-9. Besselink MG, van Santvoort HC,

Buskens E, Boermeester MA, van Goor

H, Timmerman HM, Nieuwenhuijs VB,

Bollen TL, van Ramshorst B, Witteman

BJ, Rosman C, Ploeg RJ, Brink MA,

Schaapherder AF, Dejong CH, Wahab

PJ, van Laarhoven CJ, van der Harst E,

van Eijck CH, Cuesta MA, Akkermans

LM, Gooszen HG; Dutch Acute

Pancreatitis Study Group.

Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute

pancreatitis: a randomised, double-blind,

placebo-controlled trial.

89 371(9611):475-82. Mouton R, Finch D, Davies I, Binks A,

Zacharowski K.

Effect of aprotinin on renal dysfunction in patients

undergoing on-pump and off-pump cardiac

surgery: a retrospective observational study.

90 371(9610):387-94. Cohen AT, Tapson VF, Bergmann JF,

Goldhaber SZ, Kakkar AK, Deslandes B,

Huang W, Zayaruzny M, Emery L,

Anderson FA Jr; ENDORSE

Investigators.

Venous thromboembolism risk and prophylaxis in

the acute hospital care setting (ENDORSE

study): a multinational cross-sectional study.

91 371(9608):237-42. Haubek D, Ennibi OK, Poulsen K, Vaeth

M, Poulsen S, Kilian M.

Risk of aggressive periodontitis in adolescent

carriers of the JP2 clone of Aggregatibacter

(Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans in

Morocco: a prospective longitudinal cohort study.

92 371(9608):215-27. Supplementation with Multiple

Micronutrients Intervention Trial

(SUMMIT) Study Group, Shankar AH,

Jahari AB, Sebayang SK, Aditiawarman,

Apriatni M, Harefa B, Muadz H,

Soesbandoro SD, Tjiong R, Fachry A,

Shankar AV, Atmarita, Prihatini S, Sofia

Effect of maternal multiple micronutrient

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93 371(9607):135-42. Young Infants Clinical Signs Study

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Clinical signs that predict severe illness in

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Maqbool S, Masood T, Hussain W,

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R, Simon JL, Thea DM, Qazi SA; New

Outpatient Short-Course Home Oral

Therapy for Severe Pneumonia Study

Group.

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amoxicillin for treatment of severe pneumonia in

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Thrombolysis during resuscitation for out-of-

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2 359(24):2567-78. Burn J, Bishop DT, Mecklin JP, Macrae

F, Möslein G, Olschwang S, Bisgaard

ML, Ramesar R, Eccles D, Maher ER,

Bertario L, Jarvinen HJ, Lindblom A,

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JW, Vasen HF, Side L, Thomas HJ,

Scott RJ, Dunlop M, Barker G, Elliott F,

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Effect of aspirin or resistant starch on colorectal

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Benazepril plus amlodipine or

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5 359(21):2208-19. Meigs JB, Shrader P, Sullivan LM,

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Genetically elevated C-reactive protein and

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infants with extremely low birth weight.

9 359(17):1766-77. Bochud PY, Chien JW, Marr KA,

Leisenring WM, Upton A, Janer M,

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Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and

aspergillosis in stem-cell transplantation.

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Effectiveness of immunization against paralytic

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11 359(19):1985-94. Bouzigon E, et al. Effect of 17q21 variants and smoking exposure in

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13 359(13):1317-29. Hacke W, et al. Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after

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14 359(12):1218-24. Imperiale TF, Glowinski EA, Lin-Cooper

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Five-year risk of colorectal neoplasia after

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15 359(11):1108-15. Englund M, Guermazi A, Gale D, Hunter

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Incidental meniscal findings on knee MRI in

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16 359(11):1092-5. Goldfine AB. Assessing the cardiovascular safety of diabetes

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18 359(15):1577-89. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA,

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10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in

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19 359(10):1009-17. Poole JE, et al. Prognostic importance of defibrillator shocks in

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20 359(10):991-4. Avorn J. Drug warnings that can cause fits--

communicating risks in a data-poor environment.

21 359(10):989-91. Miller M, Hemenway D. Guns and suicide in the United States.

22 359(9):895-905. Rouse DJ, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of magnesium

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23 359(9):885-7. Steinbrook R. The AIDS epidemic--a progress report from

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52 358(19):2003-15. Rowan JA, Hague WM, Gao W, Battin

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Metformin versus insulin for the treatment of

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53 358(19):1991-2002. HAPO Study Cooperative Research

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Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy

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clinically aggressive neuroblastoma.

55 358(16):1672-81. Tyson JE, et al. Intensive care for extreme prematurity--moving

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56 358(16):1663-71. Sparano JA, Wang M, Martino S, Jones

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Weekly paclitaxel in the adjuvant treatment of

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57 358(15):1572-9. Gurm HS, Yadav JS, Fayad P, Katzen

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58 358(15):1547-59. ONTARGET Investigators, Yusuf S, Teo

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risk for vascular events.

59 358(17):1781-92. Seung KB, Park DW, Kim YH, Lee SW,

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60 358(13):1354-61. Carpenter D, Zucker EJ, Avorn J. Drug-review deadlines and safety problems.

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Foundation Second Trimester Screening

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62 358(13):1336-45. Detrano R, Guerci AD, Carr JJ, Bild DE,

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events in four racial or ethnic groups.

63 358(12):1240-9. Kathiresan S, Melander O, Anevski D,

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64 358(12):1229-39. Koch CG, Li L, Sessler DI, Figueroa P,

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Duration of red-cell storage and complications

after cardiac surgery.

65 358(14):1421-4. Wintemute GJ. Guns, fear, the Constitution, and the public's

health.

66 358(11):1118-28. Brock MV, et al. DNA methylation markers and early recurrence in

stage I lung cancer.

67 358(11):1109-17. Chung CH, Mirakhur B, Chan E, Le QT,

Berlin J, Morse M, Murphy BA, Satinover

SM, Hosen J, Mauro D, Slebos RJ, Zhou

Q, Gold D, Hatley T, Hicklin DJ, Platts-

Mills TA.

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for galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose.

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Anesthesia awareness and the bispectral index.

69 358(11):1089-92. Chaisson RE, Martinson NA. Tuberculosis in Africa--combating an HIV-driven

crisis.

70 358(9):888-99. Calis JC, Phiri KS, Faragher EB, Brabin

BJ, Bates I, Cuevas LE, de Haan RJ,

Phiri AI, Malange P, Khoka M, Hulshof

PJ, van Lieshout L, Beld MG, Teo YY,

Rockett KA, Richardson A, Kwiatkowski

DP, Molyneux ME, van Hensbroek MB.

Severe anemia in Malawian children.

71 358(8):784-93. Shaw AD, Stafford-Smith M, White WD,

Phillips-Bute B, Swaminathan M, Milano

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The effect of aprotinin on outcome after coronary-

artery bypass grafting.

72 358(8):771-83. Schneeweiss S, Seeger JD, Landon J,

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Aprotinin during coronary-artery bypass grafting

and risk of death.

73 358(7):700-8. Morley CJ, Davis PG, Doyle LW, Brion

LP, Hascoet JM, Carlin JB; COIN Trial

Investigators.

Nasal CPAP or intubation at birth for very

preterm infants.

74 358(11):1137-47. Jha P, Jacob B, Gajalakshmi V, Gupta

PC, Dhingra N, Kumar R, Sinha DN,

Dikshit RP, Parida DK, Kamadod R,

Boreham J, Peto R; RGI-CGHR

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A nationally representative case-control study of

smoking and death in India.

75 358(6):580-91. Gaede P, Lund-Andersen H, Parving

HH, Pedersen O.

Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality

in type 2 diabetes.

76 358(6):568-79. Mallal S, Phillips E, Carosi G, Molina

JM, Workman C, Tomazic J, Jägel-

Guedes E, Rugina S, Kozyrev O, Cid JF,

Hay P, Nolan D, Hughes S, Hughes A,

Ryan S, Fitch N, Thorborn D, Benbow A;

PREDICT-1 Study Team.

HLA-B*5701 screening for hypersensitivity to

abacavir.

77 358(6):557-67. Svilaas T, Vlaar PJ, van der Horst IC,

Diercks GF, de Smet BJ, van den

Heuvel AF, Anthonio RL, Jessurun GA,

Tan ES, Suurmeijer AJ, Zijlstra F.

Thrombus aspiration during primary

percutaneous coronary intervention.

78 358(5):453-63. Hoge CW, McGurk D, Thomas JL, Cox

AL, Engel CC, Castro CA.

Mild traumatic brain injury in U.S. Soldiers

returning from Iraq.

79 358(4):342-52. Marroquin OC, Selzer F, Mulukutla SR,

Williams DO, Vlachos HA, Wilensky RL,

Tanguay JF, Holper EM, Abbott JD, Lee

JS, Smith C, Anderson WD, Kelsey SF,

Kip KE.

A comparison of bare-metal and drug-eluting

stents for off-label indications.

80 358(4):331-41. Hannan EL, Wu C, Walford G, Culliford

AT, Gold JP, Smith CR, Higgins RS,

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Drug-eluting stents vs. coronary-artery bypass

grafting in multivessel coronary disease.

81 358(9):900-9. Hom G, et al. Association of systemic lupus erythematosus with

C8orf13-BLK and ITGAM-ITGAX.

82 358(3):213-6. Porter P. "Westernizing" women's risks? Breast cancer in

lower-income countries.

83 358(9):910-9. Zheng SL, et al. Cumulative association of five genetic variants

with prostate cancer.

84 358(2):152-61. Pelliccia A, Di Paolo FM, Quattrini FM,

Basso C, Culasso F, Popoli G, De Luca

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Outcomes in athletes with marked ECG

repolarization abnormalities.

85 358(2):125-39. Brunkhorst FM, et al. Intensive insulin therapy and pentastarch

resuscitation in severe sepsis.

86 358(2):107-9. Steinbrook R. HIV in India--a downsized epidemic.

87 358(2):105-7. Hunter DJ, Khoury MJ, Drazen JM. Letting the genome out of the bottle--will we get

our wish?

88 358(1):28-35. Vadas P, Gold M, Perelman B, Liss GM,

Lack G, Blyth T, Simons FE, Simons KJ,

Cass D, Yeung J.

Platelet-activating factor, PAF acetylhydrolase,

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Nº Vol/Pg Autores Título

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Monitoring mortality in Pelotas birth cohort from

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2 42 Suppl 2:101-7. Menezes AM, Lima RC, Minten GC,

Hallal PC, Victora CG, Horta BL,

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Prevalence of wheezing in the chest among

adults from the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort,

Southern Brazil

3 42 Suppl 2:78-85. Menezes AM, Minten GC, Hallal PC,

Victora CG, Horta BL, Gigante DP,

Barros FC.

Smoking prevalence in the 1982 birth cohort

4 42 Suppl 2:70-7. Azevedo MR, Horta BL, Gigante DP,

Victora CG, Barros FC.

Factors associated to leisure-time sedentary

lifestyle in adults of 1982 birth cohort, Pelotas,

Southern Brazil

5 42 Suppl 2:60-9. Gigante DP, Minten GC, Horta BL,

Barros FC, Victora CG.

Nutritional evaluation follow-up of the 1982 birth

cohort, Pelotas, Southern Brazil

6 42 Suppl 2:42-50. Gigante DP, Barros FC, Veleda R,

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Maternity and paternity in the Pelotas birth cohort

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7 42 Suppl 2:34-41. Gonçalves H, Béhague DP, Gigante DP,

Minten GC, Horta BL, Victora CG,

Barros FC.

Determinants of early sexual initiation in the

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8 42 Suppl 2:26-33. Anselmi L, Barros FC, Minten GC,

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Prevalence and early determinants of common

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Pelotas, Southern Brazil

9 42(6):1021-6. Imbiriba EB, Hurtado-Guerrero JC,

Garnelo L, Levino A, Cunha Mda G,

Pedrosa V.

Epidemiological profile of leprosy in children

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2005.

10 42(6):1034-40. Falceto OG, Fernandes CL, Baratojo C,

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Factors associated with father involvement in

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11 42(6):1012-20. Rodrigues-Júnior AL, do O VT, Motti

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Spatial and temporal study of leprosy in the state

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12 42(6):992-8. Coutinho LM, Scazufca M, Menezes PR. Methods for estimating prevalence ratios in

cross-sectional studies.

13 42(6):1074-84. da Costa JS, Reis MC, Silveira Filho CV,

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Prevalence of medical visits and associated

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14 42(5):938-45. Gonçalves LG, Vieira ST, Siqueira FV,

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Prevalence of falls in institutionalized elderly in

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15 42(5):921-9. Silva AT, Menezes PR. Burnout syndrome and common mental disorders

among community-based health agents.

16 42(5):895-902. Oliveira MI, Dias MA, Cunha CB, Leal

Mdo C.

Quality assessment of labor care provided in the

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17 42(5):886-94. Carvacho IE, Mello MB, Morais SS,

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Factors associated with access to health services

prior to pregnancy by pregnant adolescents

18 42(5):859-67. Veloso VG, Portela MC, Vasconcellos

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HIV testing among pregnant women in Brazil

19 42(5):851-8. Rodrigues CS, Guimarães MD, César

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Missed opportunities for congenital syphilis and

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20 42(5):830-7. Malta M, Monteiro S, Lima RM, Bauken

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HIV/AIDS risk among female sex workers who

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21 42(5):805-12. Lindoso AA, Waldman EA, Komatsu NK,

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Profile of tuberculosis patients progressing to

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22 42(5):822-9. Morales AU, Barreda PZ. HIV vulnerability in women at social risk

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Inequalities in access to health care services and

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24 42(4):693-9. Oliveira AC, Czeresnia D, Paiva SM,

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Utilization of oral health care for Down syndrome

patients

25 42(4):672-8. Rodrigues ES, Cheik NC, Mayer AF. Level of physical activity and smoking in

undergraduate students

26 42(4):630-8. Souza NS, Santana VS, Albuquerque-

Oliveira PR, Barbosa-Branco A.

Work-related diseases and health-related

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27 42(4):622-9. Palazzo Ldos S, Kelling A, Béria JU,

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Physical violence and associated factors

28 42(4):590-7. Ramiarina RA, Ramiarina BL, Almeida

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Comorbidity adjustment index for the

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29 42(5):786-95. Engstrom EM, Castro IR, Portela M,

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Effectiveness of daily and weekly iron

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infants.

30 42(5):877-85. Audi CA, Segall-Corrêa AM, Santiago

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Violence against pregnant women

31 42(5):838-43 Rozman MA, Alves IS, Porto MA,

Gomes PO, Ribeiro NM, Nogueira LA,

Caseiro MM, Silva VA, Massad E,

Burattini MN.

HIV infection and related risk behaviors in a

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32 42 Suppl 1:127-37. Schraiber LB, D'Oliveira AF, França

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Intimate partner sexual violence among men and

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Grupo de Estudos em População,

Sexualidade e Aids.

Signs and symptoms associated with sexually

transmitted infections in Brazil, 2005

34 42 Suppl 1:45-53. Paiva V, Calazans G, Venturi G, Dias R;

Grupo de Estudos em População,

Sexualidade e Aids.

Age and condom use at first sexual intercourse of

Brazilian adolescents

35 42 Suppl 1:34-44. Berquó E, Barbosa RM, Lima LP; Grupo

de Estudos em População, Sexualidade

e Aids.

Trends in condom use

36 42(4):717-23. Lima MC, Menezes PR, Carandina L,

Cesar CL, Barros MB, Goldbaum M.

Common mental disorders and the use of

psychoactive drugs

37 42(4):724-32. Ribeiro AQ, Rozenfeld S, Klein CH,

César CC, Acurcio Fde A.

Survey on medicine use by elderly retirees in

Belo Horizonte, Southeastern Brazil

38 42(4):656-63. Galli B, Chiaravalloti Neto F. Temporal-spatial risk model to identify areas at

high-risk for occurrence of dengue fever

39 42(3):517-23. Casagrande RR, Pastorino AC, Souza

RG, Leone C, Solé D, Jacob CM.

Asthma prevalence and risk factors in

schoolchildren of the city of São Paulo, Brazil

40 42(3):471-9. Marques LA, Eluf-Neto J, Figueiredo

RA, Góis-Filho JF, Kowalski LP,

Carvalho MB, Abrahão M, Wünsch-Filho

Oral health, hygiene practices and oral cancer.

41 42(3):450-6. Gil-Monte PR, Marucco MA. Burnout prevalence in pediatricians of general

hospitals

42 42(3):402-10. Caputo VG, Bordin IA. Teenage pregnancy and frequent use of alcohol

and drugs in the home environment

43 42(3):389-95. Silveira MF, Barros AJ, Santos IS,

Matijasevich A, Victora CG.

Socioeconomic differentials in performing

urinalysis during prenatal care

44 42(4):607-14. França MC, Giugliani ER, Oliveira LD,

Weigert EM, Santo LC, Köhler CV,

Bonilha AL.

Bottle feeding during the first month of life

45 42(4):598-606. Amaral JJ, Victora CG, Leite AJ, Cunha

AJ.

Implementation of the Integrated Management of

Childhood Illnesses strategy in Northeastern

Brazil

46 42(3):524-8. Epub

2008 Apr 25.

Paula CS, Vedovato MS, Bordin IA,

Barros MG, D'Antino ME, Mercadante

MT.

Mental health and violence among sixth grade

students from a city in the state of São Paulo

47 42(3):457-63. Sávio KE, Costa TH, Schmitz Bde A,

Silva EF.

Sex, income and level of education associated

with physical activity level among workers

48 42(3):443-9. Huatuco EM, Durigon EL, Lebrun FL,

Passos SD, Gazeta RE, Azevedo Neto

RS, Massad E.

Seroprevalence of human parvovirus B19 in a

suburban population in São Paulo, Brazil.

49 42(3):437-42. Beloqui JA. Relative risk for AIDS between homo/bisexual

and heterosexual men

50 42(3):480-6. Gushi LL, Rihs LB, Soares Mda C, Forni

TI, Vieira V, Wada RS, Sousa Mda L.

Dental caries and treatment needs in adolescents

from the state of São Paulo, 1998 and 2002

51 42(2):287-93. Zangirolani LT, Cordeiro R, Medeiros

MA, Stephan C.

Spatial distribution of risks for work-related

injuries in a city of Southeastern Brazil

52 42(2):279-86. Garcia LP, Blank VL. Management of occupational exposures to

potentially infectious materials in dentistry

53 42(2):224-33. Noal RB, Menezes AM, Canani SF,

Siqueira FV.

Habitual snoring and obstructive sleep apnea in

adults

54 42(2):208-16. Camões M, Lopes C. Factors associated with physical activity in the

Portuguese population

55 42(2):191-9. Antunes JL, Peres MA, Frias AC,

Crosato EM, Biazevic MG.

Gingival health of adolescents and the utilization

of dental services, state of São Paulo, Brazil

56 42(2):234-41. Bandeira FM, Santos MN, Bezerra MA,

Gomes YM, Araujo AS, Braga MC,

Souza WV, Abath FG.

Family screening for HBB*S gene and detection

of new cases of sickle cell trait in Northeastern

Brazil

121

57 42(2):324-34. Bastos JL, Peres MA, Peres KG, Dumith

SC, Gigante DP.

Socioeconomic differences between self- and

interviewer-classification of color/race

58 42(2):302-7. Benedetti TR, Borges LJ, Petroski EL,

Gonçalves LH.

Physical activity and mental health status among

elderly people

59 42(1):143-5. Ledesma RD, Peltzer RI. Helmet use among motorcyclists

60 42(1):123-30. Rama CH, Roteli-Martins CM, Derchain

SF, Longatto-Filho A, Gontijo RC, Sarian

LO, Syrjänen K, Aldrighi JM.

Prevalence of genital HPV infection among

women screened for cervical cancer

61 42(1):108-16. Walsh IA, Oishi J, Coury HJ. Clinical and functional aspects of work-related

musculoskeletal disorders among active workers.

62 42(1):100-7. Lima-Costa MF. Factors associated with influenza vaccination

among elderly in a metropolitan area in

Southeastern Brazil

63 42(1):89-99. Loyola Filho AI, Uchoa E, Firmo JO,

Lima-Costa MF.

Influence of income on the association between

cognitive impairment and polypharmacy

64 42(1):82-8. Duro LN, Assunção MC, Costa JS,

Santos IS.

Performance of lipid profile request between

public and private sectors

65 42(1):73-81. Theme Filha MM, Szwarcwald CL,

Souza Junior PR.

Measurements of reported morbidity and

interrelationships with health dimensions

66 42(1):41-8. Peluso Ede T, Blay SL. Public perception of depression in the city of São

Paulo

67 42(1):34-40. Zinn-Souza LC, Nagai R, Teixeira LR,

Latorre MR, Roberts R, Cooper SP,

Fischer FM.

Factors associated with depression symptoms in

high school students in São Paulo, Brazil.

68 42(1):26-33. Haack RL, Horta BL, Cesar JA. Sunburn in young people

69 42(1):19-25. Cornejo LS, Brunotto M, Hilas E. Salivary factors associated to the prevalence and

increase of dental caries in rural schoolchildren

70 42(1):1-9. Barros AJ, Matijasevich A, Santos IS,

Albernaz EP, Victora CG.

Neonatal mortality

122

ANEXO 3 – RELAÇÃO DE ARTIGOS UTILIZADOS

American Journal of Epidemiology – Ano: 2007

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

5 Caso-controle Regressão logística

9 Caso-controle Regressão logística

12 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

14 Transversal e Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

15 Caso-controle Regressão logística

18 Caso-controle Regressão logística

19 Caso-controle Regressão logística

21 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

22 Caso-controle Regressão logística

26 Caso-controle Regressão logística

27 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

28 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

30 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

31 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

32 Caso-controle Regressão logística

36 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

37 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

38 Caso-controle Regressão logística

39 Caso-controle Regressão logística

44 Caso-controle Regressão logística

45 Caso-controle Regressão logística

50 Caso-controle Regressão logística

53 Caso-controle Regressão logística

54 Caso-controle Regressão logística

58 Caso-controle Regressão logística

59 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

60 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

62 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

63 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

66 Caso-controle Regressão logística

69 Caso-controle Regressão logística

77 Caso-controle Regressão logística

78 Caso-controle Regressão logística

79 Caso-controle Regressão logística

80 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

82 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

87 ? Regressão logística >10% RC

88 Caso-controle Regressão logística

90 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

91 Caso-controle Regressão logística

96 Caso-controle Regressão logística

99 Caso-controle Regressão logística

103 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

104 Caso-controle Regressão logística

107 Caso-controle Regressão logística

108 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

110 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

112 Caso-controle Regressão logística

113 Caso-controle Regressão logística

120 Caso-controle Regressão logística

121 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

128 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RR

131 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

134 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

139 Caso-controle Regressão logística

140 Caso-controle Regressão logística

141 Caso-controle -

145 Caso-controle Regressão logística

123

146 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

147 Caso-controle Regressão logística

151 Caso-controle Regressão logística

155 Coorte e Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

158 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

162 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

163 Caso-controle Regressão logística

164 Caso-controle Regressão logística

165 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RR

166 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

177 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

181 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

183 Caso-controle Regressão logística

184 Caso-controle Regressão logística

186 Caso-controle Regressão logística

187 Coorte Regressão de Poisson <10%

188 Caso-controle Regressão logística

189 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

190 Caso-controle Regressão logística

192 Caso-controle Regressão logística

193 Caso-controle Regressão logística

197 Caso-controle Regressão logística

198 Caso-controle Regressão logística

199 Caso-controle Regressão logística

200 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

204 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

206 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

211 Caso-controle Regressão logística

212 Caso-controle Regressão logística

214 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RR

215 Caso-controle Regressão logística

216 Coorte e Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

219 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

221 Caso-controle Regressão logística

222 Caso-controle Regressão logística

223 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

224 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

228 Caso-controle Regressão logística

233 Coorte Regressão binomial >10%

234 Caso-controle Regressão logística

236 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

240 Caso-controle Regressão logística

241 Caso-controle Regressão logística

Brazilian Journal of medical and Biological – Ano: 2007

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

2 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

7 Coorte Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

8 Coorte Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

10 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

13 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

15 Caso-controle -

19 Caso-controle -

24 Caso-controle Regressão logística

27 Caso-controle Regressão logística

28 Caso-controle -

29 Caso controle -

British Medical Journal – Ano: 2007

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

8 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RR

10 Caso-controle Regressão logística

11 Caso-controle Regressão logística

12 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RR

13 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

124

14 Coorte Mantel-Haenszel >10%

16 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RR

18 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

19 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

27 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

29 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

36 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

38 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

43 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

46 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RR

48 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

49 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

50 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

55 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

60 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

61 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

68 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

69 Caso-controle -

74 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

77 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

Cadernos de Saúde Pública – Ano: 2007

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

5 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

6 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

7 Caso-controle Regressão logística

9 Caso-controle Regressão logística

11 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

12 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

13 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

17 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

19 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

21 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

23 Transversal Regressão de Poisson

>10%

27 Transversal Regressão de Poisson

>10%

30 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

32 Transversal Log binomial >10%

33 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

35 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

40 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

41 Transversal Mantel-Haenszel >10%

44 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

45 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

47 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

48 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

49 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

50 Transversal Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

55 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

56 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

57 Caso-controle Regressão logística

58 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RR

59 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

60 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

61 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

64 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

65 Caso-controle Regressão logística

67 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

69 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

70 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

73 Transversal Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

77 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

79 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

82 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

84 Transversal Regressão de Poisson <10%

90 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

92 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

93 Caso-controle Regressão logística

125

100 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

104 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

105 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

106 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RR

107 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

109 Transversal Regressão de Poisson <10%

110 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

115 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

Ciência e Saúde Coletiva – Ano: 2007

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

1 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

8 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

International Journal of Epidemiology – Ano: 2007

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

1 Coorte

Regressão logística <10% RC

3 Caso-controle Regressão logística

4 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

6 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

7 Tranversal Regressão logística >10% RC

9 Caso-controle Regressão logística

15 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

19 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

23 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

24 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RR

26 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

27 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RR

34 Coorte Mantel- Haenszel >10%

35 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

36 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RR

39 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

43 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

45 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

47 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RR

48 Caso controle Regressão logística

49 Caso controle Regressão logística

52 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology – Ano: 2007

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

4 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

6 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

7 Trasnversal Regressão logística >10% RC

9 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

10 Caso-controle Regressão logística

11 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

12 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

13 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

14 Caso controle Regressão logística

15 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

18 Caso-controle Regressão logística

22 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

23 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

24 Coorte Regressão de Poisson <10%

25 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

28 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

29 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RR

30 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

31 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

32 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

36 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

126

40 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RR

41 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

48 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

49 Caso-controle -

50 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

52 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RR

54 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

55 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RR

Lancet – Ano: 2007

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

3 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

17 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RR

20 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

23 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RR

25 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

28 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RR

29 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

31 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

34 Coorte Regressão log-binomial <10%

42 Caso-controle Regressão logística

47 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RR

53 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

55 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

56 Caso-controle Regressão logística

61 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

64 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

68 Coorte Regressão logística <10%

72 Coorte Regressão logística <10%

76 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

78 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

79 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

82 Caso-controle Regressão logística Caso-controle

New England of Medicine – Ano: 2007

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

1 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

2 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

3 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

7 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

10 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

14 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

16 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

19 Caso-controle Regressão logística

21 Coorte log binomial regression <10%

26 Caso-controle Regressão logística

27 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

28 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

32 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

37 Coorte Zhang & Yu >10%

41 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RR

46 Caso-controle Regressão logística

47 Caso-controle Mantel–Haenszel

48 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

50 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

53 Caso-controle Regressão logística

54 Caso-controle Regressão logística

55 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

61 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

62 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

66 Caso-controle Regressão logística

68 Coorte Regressão de Poisson <10%

69 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

70 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

71 Coorte Regressão de Poisson <10%

127

72 Caso-controle -

74 Caso-controle Regressão logística <10%

77 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

80 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

83 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

91 Coorte Mantel–Haenszel >10%

93 Caso-controle Regressão logística

94 Coorte Regressão de Poisson <10%

98 Caso-controle Regressão logística

Revista de Saúde Pública – Ano: 2007

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

5 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

6 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

8 Coorte Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

10 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

11 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

13 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

14 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

15 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

16 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

17 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

18 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

20 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

23 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RR

24 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

25 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

28 Transversal Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

29 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

30 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

33 Caso controle Regressão logística

34 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

35 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

36 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

37 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

39 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

40 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

42 Caso controle Regressão logística

43 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

47 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

49 Caso controle Regressão logística

51 Caso controle Regressão logística

52 Coorte Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

<10%

53 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RR

American Journal of Epidemiology – Ano: 2008

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

3 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

6 Caso-controle Regressão logística

8 Caso-controle Regressão logística

9 Caso-controle Regressão logística

10 Caso-controle Regressão logística

12 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

13 Caso-controle Regressão logística

16 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

18 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

23 Caso-controle Regressão logística

24 Caso-controle Regressão logística

26 Caso-controle Regressão logística

28 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

32 Coorte Regressão de Poisson <10%

34 Caso-controle Regressão logística

35 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

38 Caso-controle Regressão logística

128

40 Caso-controle -

44 Caso-controle Regressão logística

45 Caso-controle Regressão logística

47 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

48 Caso-controle Regressão logística

49 Caso-controle Regressão logística

51 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

55 Caso-controle Regressão logística

59 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

60 Caso-controle Regressão logística

66 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RR

67 Caso-controle Regressão logística

70 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

71 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RR

72 Caso-controle Regressão logística

74 Caso-controle Regressão logística

76 Caso-controle Regressão logística

80 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

83 Caso-controle Regressão logística

85 Caso-controle -

86 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

89 Caso-controle Regressão logística

90 Caso-controle Regressão logística

93 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RR

95 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

96 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

97 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RR

100 Coorte Regressão log- binomial >10%

101 Caso-controle

102 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

106 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

110 Caso-controle

111 Caso-controle

113 Caso-controle Regressão logística

114 Caso-controle Regressão logística

115 Caso-controle Regressão logística

116 Caso-controle Regressão logística

120 Coorte Regressão log-binomial >10%

121 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

123 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

124 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

126 Caso-controle

128 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

131 Caso-controle

133 Caso-controle

134 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

135 Caso-controle

136 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

141 Caso-controle

143 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

145 Caso-controle

146 Caso-controle

147 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

157 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

160 Coorte Regressão binomial >10%

165 Caso-controle Regressão logística

166 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

168 Caso-controle Regressão logística

170 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

171 Transversal Regressão logística

<10% RR

173 Transversal Regressão logística

<10% RC

174 Caso-controle Regressão logística

175 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

176 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RC

178 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

179 Caso-controle Regressão logística

180 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

181 Caso-controle Regressão logística

182 Caso-controle Regressão logística

129

183 Caso-controle Regressão logística

184 Transversal Regressão Logística >10% RC

185 Caso-controle Regressão logística

186 Caso-controle Regressão logística

187 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

189 Caso-controle Regressão logística

192 Coorte Regressão log-binomial <10%

193 Caso-controle Regressão logística

194 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

195 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RC

196 Caso-controle

197 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

199 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

200 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

202 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

203 Caso-controle

205 Transversal Regressão logística > 10% RC

206 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

207 Caso-controle Regressão logística

209 Caso-controle Regressão logística

213 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

214 Caso-controle Regressão logística

215 Caso-controle Regressão logística

216 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

217 Caso-controle

218 Caso-controle

220 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RC

221 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

224 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

226 Caso-controle Regressão logística

227 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

228 Caso-controle

Brazilian Journal of medical and Biological – Ano: 2008

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

6 Transversal Regressão logística

>10%

7 Transversal Regressão logística

>10%

13 Coorte Regressão logística

>10%

15 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

British Medical Journal – Ano: 2008

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

3 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

4 Caso-controle Regressão logística

8 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

10 Coorte Regressão Logística >10% RC

22 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

23 Coorte reg log binomial >10%

24 Coorte Regressão de Poisson <10%

27 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC e RR

32 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

34 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

41 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

42 Coorte Zhang e Yu >10%

51 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

52 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

55 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

56 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

69 Transversal Regressão logística

<10% RR

73 Caso-controle Regressão logística

74 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

77 Coorte Regr de Poisson var. robusta >10%

80 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RR

81 Coorte Mantel Haenszel >10% RC

130

84 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

85 Coorte Reg. Logística e Poisson >10% RC

88 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RR e RC

92 Caso-controle Regressão logística

93 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RR

95 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

98 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

99 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

100 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

101 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RR

106 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

109 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

113 Coorte Reg. Logística e Poisson >10% RC

114 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RR

Cadernos de Saúde Pública – Ano: 2008

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

5 Transversal Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

8 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

10 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

13 Transversal Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

14 Caso-controle Regressão logística

16 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

17 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

18 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

21 Transversal Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

22 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

24 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

25 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RR

27 Transversal Regressão logística -

28 Coorte Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

35 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

45 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

54 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

55 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

58 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

59 Transversal Regressão de Poisson <10%

60 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

62 Transversal Regressão de Poisson <10%

63 Transversal Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

64 Transversal Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

65 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

67 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

69 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

71 Transversal Regressão logística

<10% RC

73 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

76 Transversal Regressão logística

>10%

79 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RR

81 Transversal Regressão Log binomial >10%

83 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

85 Coorte Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

88 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

90 Transversal Regressão logística

<10% RC

92 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

93 Transversal Regressão logística

<10% RC

94 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

97 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

99 Transversal Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

101 Caso-controle Regressão logística

102 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

104 Caso-controle Regressão logística

106 Transversal Regressão logística

<10% RC

107 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

108 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

110 Transversal Regressão logística

>10%

113 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

115 Transversal Regressão logística

<10%

131

117 Transversal Regressão logística

<10%

119 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

121 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

123 Caso-controle Regressão logística

124 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

126 Transversal Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

127 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

129 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

Ciência e Saúde Coletiva – Ano: 2008

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

8 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RC

9 Transversal Regressão logística

>10%

18 Transversal Regressão logística

>10%

International Journal of Epidemiology – Ano: 2008

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

1 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RR

9 Caso-controle Regressão logística

11 Transversal Regressão de Poisson <10%

12 Transversal Regressão logística

<10% RC

13 Caso-controle Regressão logística

14 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

18 Caso-controle Regressão logística

19 Caso-controle Regressão logística

20 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

23 Transversal Regressão logística

<10% RC

26 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RC

27 Transversal Regressão logística

<10% RC

28 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

31 Coorte Regressão Log binomial >10%

32 Caso-controle Regressão logística

33 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RC

36 Caso-controle Regressão logística

37 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

39 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

41 Coorte Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

46 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

48 Transversal Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

50 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RR

55 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

59 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RR

62 Caso-controle Regressão logística

67 Caso-controle Regressão logística

69 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

71 Transversal Regressão logística

>10%

77 Transversal Regressão logística

>10%

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology – Ano: 2008

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

2 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

5 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

6 Coorte Regressão logística >10%

7 Transversal Regressão logística >10%

9 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

10 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

12 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RC

15 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

17 Transversal Regressão log binomial >10%

18 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RR

20 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RR

21 Caso-controle Regressão logística

23 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

24 Coorte Regressão logística <10% RR

132

28 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

29 Transversal Regressão logística >10% RC

31 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

32 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RR

Lancet – Ano: 2008

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

10 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

17 Caso-controle Regressão logística

23 Coorte ou Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RR

24 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

25 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

26 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

28 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

33 Coorte Mantel-Haenzel >10%

34 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

35 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RR

38 Caso-controle Regressão logística

39 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RC

41 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

44 Coorte reg log binomial >10%

45 Caso-controle Regressão logística

47 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

48 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

63 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

64 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

67 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RC

71 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

72 Coorte Regressão de Poisson <10%

75 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

80 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

82 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RR

87 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RC

89 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RC

92 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RR

93 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RC

94 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RC

New England of Medicine – Ano: 2008

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

4 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

5 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RC

6 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RC

7 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

8 Coorte Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

9 Caso-controle Regressão logística

10 Caso-controle Regressão logística

11 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

12 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

13 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

14 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

22 Coorte Log-binomial >10%

28 Caso-controle Regressão logística

29 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

30 Caso-controle Regressão logística

34 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RC

35 Transversal Regressão logística

>10%

42 Coorte Regressão logística

>10%

44 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RR

46 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

47 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RC

49 Transversal Regressão logística

<10% RC

51 Caso-controle Regressão logística

53 Transversal Regressão logística

<10% RC

55 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

133

60 Transversal Regressão logística <10% RC

61 Coorte Correção de Zhang e Yu >10%

64 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

66 Caso-controle Regressão logística

70 Caso-controle Regressão logística

71 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

72 Coorte Regressão logística

<10% RR

73 Caso-controle Regressão logística

74 Caso-controle Regressão logística

76 Caso-controle Regressão logística

77 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RR

78 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RR

80 Transversal Regressão logística

<10% RC

83 Caso-controle Regressão logística

84 Caso-controle Regressão logística

89 Coorte Regressão logística >10% RC

Revista de Saúde Pública – Ano: 2008

Nº Delineamento Técnica Prev/Inc Interpretação

1 Coorte Regressão de Poisson <10%

2 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

3 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

4 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

5 Coorte Regressão de Poisson <10%

6 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

8 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

10 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

13 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

14 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

15 Transversal Regressão logística

>10%

17 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

18 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

23 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

24 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

28 Transversal Regressão logística

<10% RR

29 Coorte Regressão de Poisson >10%

30 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

31 Transversal Regressão logística

<10% RR

33 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

35 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

36 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

39 Caso-controle Regressão logística

40 Caso-controle Regressão logística

42 Caso-controle Regressão logística

43 Transversal Regressão logística

<10% RC

44 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

46 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

47 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

51 Caso-controle Regressão logística

53 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

54 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

55 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

58 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

59 Transversal Regressão logística

>10%

60 Transversal Regressão logística

>10%

61 Transversal Regressão logística

>10%

62 Transversal Regressão de Poisson >10%

65 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

66 Transversal Regressão logística

>10% RC

67 Transversal Regressão logística

<10% RC

68 Transversal Reg. de Poisson var. robusta

>10%

69 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

70 Coorte Regressão logística

>10% RC

134

ANEXO 4 - PROJETO DE PESQUISA

UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

FACULDADE DE MEDICINA

PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM EPIDEMIOLOGIA

PROJETO DE PESQUISA

UTILIZAÇÃO DOS MODELOS DE REGRESSÃO PARA

ESTIMAÇÃO DE RISCO RELATIVO E RAZÃO DE

PREVALÊNCIA COM DESFECHO BINÁRIO

Aluno: Cecília de Leão Martins Papaléo

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Álvaro Vigo

Porto Alegre, setembro 2007

135

1. INTRODUÇÃO

Muitas pesquisas epidemiológicas têm como objetivo central

identificar uma possível associação entre variáveis para compreender e

concluir sobre a presença ou desenvolvimento de doenças, tratamentos e

afins. Porém as medidas de associação adequadas variam de acordo com o

delineamento do estudo. Quando temos um desfecho binário, em estudos

com o delineamento caso-controle, a medida de associação entre as

variáveis é obtida pelo odds ratio (OR). Já estudos com delineamento

transversal a associação entre um desfecho dicotômico e os preditores é

classicamente descrita pela razão de prevalência (RP). Similarmente, em

estudos de coorte, a medida de interesse é, geralmente, o risco relativo

(RR). Para eventos raros o RR ou a RP podem ser estimados pelo OR

através do modelo de regressão logística (Barros e Hirakata, 2003; McNutt

et al,2003; Schiaffino et al, 2003; Zhang & Yu, 1998). Para eventos comuns

(usualmente > 10%), não se recomenda a estimação desses parâmetros da

mesma forma, pois o modelo logístico tende a superestimar ou subestimar

razão de prevalências e risco relativo Barros e Hirakata, 2003; Schiaffino et

al, 2003; Greenland, 2004). Contudo, e apesar das facilidades

computacionais atuais, muitos trabalhos continuam sendo analisados (e

publicados) utilizando a razão de chances como medida de associação,

mesmo quando o desfecho é comum.

136

Para estimar RR ou RP no caso do evento ser comum alguns

modelos são sugeridos que permitem associar diretamente, e sem viés, as

medidas entre os preditores e o desfecho dicotômico.

1.1 Métodos de estimação de medidas de associação

Muitos métodos de estimação de medidas de associação têm sido

discutidos na literatura para a análise de desfechos binários em estudos

transversais ou de coorte. Há métodos estatísticos que estimam diretamente

a RP ou RR e seus intervalos de confiança, tais como: conversão de OR em

RR proposta por Zhang & Yu, regressão de Poisson, regressão de Poisson

modificada, modelo log-binomial e procedimento de Mantel-Haenszel. Mais

importante do que a estimativa pontual, é importante também considerar a

precisão dos estimadores do RR ou RP, produzindo intervalos de confianças

com maior amplitude, dependendo do modelo usado(Greenland, 2004;

Zocchetti et al, 1997; Zou, 2004).

O modelo que Zhang & Yu (1998) propuseram para estimar RR ou RP

para desfecho dicotômico é uma fórmula que converte o OR obtido pela

regressão logística em RR ou RP. Um problema que ocorre ao fazer essa

conversão, é que esse modelo produz estimativas inconsistentes,

comprovado em estudos de simulação McNutt et al, 2003).

Na situação em que o desfecho é comum a razão de prevalência ou o

risco relativo podem ser estimados pelo modelo de regressão de Poisson

137

(Barros e Hirakata, 2003; Zou, 2004). As medidas de RR e RP podem ser

estimadas diretamente pelos coeficientes de regressão do modelo. O

modelo de regressão considera uma função de ligação log para modelar o

risco de certo indivíduo apresentar o desfecho. Para definir o modelo,

considere um desfecho binário Y e um fator um fator de exposição

dicotômico

genericamente representado pelos valores 1 (expostos) e 0

(não expostos). Para cada indivíduo da amostra,

(

)

|1 xYP = representa a

probabilidade do desfecho assumir o valor 1, condicional a exposição

ou 1. Assim, o modelo especifica que

(

)

(

)

xxxYP

βββ

+++== ...|1log

110

tal que o logaritmo natural do coeficiente de regressão do modelo é igual ao

risco relativo (Zou, 2004).

Porém, a regressão de Poisson produz um intervalo de confiança para

a estimativa pontual do RR grande, quando comparado com o modelo log-

binomial, por exemplo. Isso se deve ao fato dos erros seguirem uma

distribuição Poisson, que acabam por superestimar os erros do modelo log-

binomial, onde os erros seguem uma distribuição binomial, quando o

desfecho é comum.

Para obter maior precisão nas estimativas de RP ou RR o modelo de

regressão de Poisson modificada utiliza um estimador robusto (estimador de

Sanduíche) para as variâncias no qual a probabilidade da função log de

verossimilhança da distribuição de Poisson é derivada e as variâncias

estimadas do RR estimado sofrem uma adaptação para dados que possuam

distribuição binomial (Zou, 2004).

138

Outra alternativa para estimar o RR quando o evento é comum é o

modelo log-binomial, que utiliza o mesmo modelo da regressão logística, que

relaciona a variável de desfecho com as covariáveis, porém, a função de

ligação é diferente: logit para regressão logística e log para regressão log-

binomial (Barros e Hirakata, 2003; McNutt et al,2003; Schiaffino et al, 2003).

O modelo é definido por:

(

)

(

)

xxxYP

βββ

+++== ...|1log

110

onde

(

)

|1 xYP = é a proporção de indivíduos com o evento e

são as

covariáveis. O risco relativo é obtido pela

, ou seja, pela exponencial do

valor beta da expressão.

A distribuição da proporção e dos erros segue uma distribuição

Binomial (Barros e Hirakata, 2003; Schiaffino et al, 2003).

O modelo é definido somente se

0...

<+++

βββ

, para assegurar

que a estimação da proporção esteja entre 0 e 1 (Skov et al, 1998). A

estimativa do RR não é viciada, mas o intervalo de confiança pode ser

enviesado, produzindo intervalos de confiança mais estreitos. Além disso,

problemas de convergência podem ser encontrados quando o evento do

desfecho for alto ou as covariáveis forem contínuas ou politômicas (Barros e

Hirakata, 2003).

139

2. OBJETIVOS

2.1 Objetivo Geral:

O objetivo geral desse trabalho é verificar a aplicação de modelos

estatísticos, que estimam risco relativo ou razão de prevalência com

desfecho binário considerado comum, utilizados em publicações de revistas

da área epidemiológica.

2.2 Objetivo Específico:

Realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a metodologia de modelos

adequados para eventos comuns (precedimento de Mantel-haenszel,

correção de Zhang & Yu, regressão de Poisson, Poisson modificada e log-

binomial e suas possíveis discrepâncias (magnitude, viés, precisão).

140

3. MÉTODOS

Será realizada uma revisão de publicações em revistas da área

epidemiológica e clínica geral dos artigos publicados no ano de 2007 e 2008.

A busca dos artigos será realizada através da base de dados

bibliográficos PUBMED (Serviço de pesquisa da National Library of Medicine

(NLM)), onde haverá critérios de seleção dos artigos. Será criada de uma

sintaxe com operadores boleanos e limitadores, por exemplo, nomes de

revistas, ano e palavras-chaves, para selecionar os artigos do interesse

específico. A busca será feita pelo resumo dos artigos e não pelo texto

completo. Todos os resumos estão escritos em inglês, independente da

nacionalidade da revista e do artigo.

O registro das informações dos artigos será disposto em uma tabela

(anexo 1) onde conterão informações relevantes quanto à revista, número

total de artigos selecionados no ano de 2007, métodos de estimação da

medida de associação e números de artigos que aplicaram regressão

logística quando a prevalência ou incidência do desfecho for maior que 10%.

A descrição geral de cada artigo que usou algum método para estimar

alguma medida de associação será disposta em uma tabela (anexo 2) onde

detalhes dos estudos serão descritos.

141

4. CRONOGRAMA

2008 2009

1° Trim.

2º Trim.

3º Trim.

4º Trim.

1° Trim.

2° Trim.

3° Trim.

Revisão da literatura

Defesa do projeto

Redação da

dissertação

Revisão dos artigos

Defesa preliminar

Sessão pública

142

5. BIBLIOGRAFIA

Barros AJ, Hirakata VN. Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional

studies: an empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the

prevalence ratio. BMC Med Res Methodol 2003 Oct 20;3:21.

McNutt LA, Wu C, Xue X, Hafner JP. Estimating the relative risk in cohort

studies and clinical trials of common outcomes. Am J Epidemiol 2003 May

15;157(10):940-3.

Schiaffino A, Rodriguez M, Pasarin MI, Regidor E, Borrell C, Fernandez E.

[Odds ratio or prevalence ratio? Their use in cross-sectional studies]. Gac

Sanit 2003 Jan;17(1):70-4.

Zhang J, Yu KF. What's the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds

ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes. JAMA 1998 Nov

18;280(19):1690-1.

Greenland S. Model-based estimation of relative risks and other

epidemiologic measures in studies of common outcomes and in case-control

studies. Am J Epidemiol 2004 Aug 15;160(4):301-5.

143

Zocchetti C, Consonni D, Bertazzi PA. Relationship between prevalence rate

ratios and odds ratios in cross-sectional studies. Int J Epidemiol 1997

Feb;26(1):220-3.

Zou G. A modified poisson regression approach to prospective studies with

binary data. Am J Epidemiol 2004 Apr 1;159(7):702-6.

Skov T, Deddens J, Petersen MR, Endahl L. Prevalence proportion ratios:

estimation and hypothesis testing. Int J Epidemiol 1998 Feb;27(1):91-5.

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