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Borges,V.S. Anexos
Results
The first subheading should be Flow of participants, therapsits, and centres through the
study where the numbers at each point in the study are presented as well as baseline
characteristics. The remainder of the results should only report the data that answer the
research questions and should be organised under subheadings that reflect those questions.
Pertinent results should be reported using text and/or tables and/or figures; tables are more
useful than figures because exact values are given. Avoid repeating in the text data presented
in tables or figures. Do not duplicate data in tables and figures. When reporting data, be
conscious of the precision of the data and only report a meaningful number of decimal places.
Usually, report numbers between 0 and 1 to 2 decimal places, between 1 and 10 to 1 decimal
place, and above 10 with no decimal place. All data reported as numbers should also be given
as a percentage of the sample (in brackets) rounded off, eg, 17 (34%) of the participants were
men. All data reported as means should also be accompanied by the standard deviation (in
brackets), eg, the mean height of participants was 1.53 m (SD 0.23). When reporting the
results of interpretive tests, report the size of the effect rather than its statistical significance,
eg, ‘People with arthritis were twice as likely to sprain their ankle (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.25 to
0.75)’ or ‘People after stroke walked 0.65 m/s (95% CI 0.60 to 0.70) slower than their age-
matched healthy counterparts’, but not ‘People with asthma were significantly more
breathless after exercise (p = 0.02)’.
Discussion
New and important findings should be emphasised but, as a rule, data already presented in the
Method and Results sections should not be repeated. Implications and limitations of the
findings and their clinical application should be discussed. The length of the Discussion
should be commensurate with the number of important findings; usually it will be less than
750 words. Do not include a separate conclusion at the end of the Discussion.
References
Only essential references should be cited. Most research will require fewer than 30 references.
If the research requires considerably more, eg, systematic reviews of areas with many clinical
trials, references may be placed on the eAddenda. Use the name/date system in the text.
Citations are separated by commas but there is no comma between the authors’ names and the
year of publication. When referring to more than one paper, place the papers in alphabetical
order according to the family name of the first author, eg, ‘Armstrong 1999, Jones 2002,
Smith and Jones 2009’. When there are two authors of a paper, mention both, eg, ‘Smith and
Jones 2009’, but when there are three or more, mention only the principal author and follow
with ‘et al’, eg, ‘Thomas et al 2008’. When quoting directly, place the quote in inverted
commas and include the page number on which the quotation appears, eg, Holm (2007, p 133)
concluded that ‘valid studies comparing surgical fusion with well-defined multidisciplinary
treatment programs are therefore needed’. List full details of the publication in a reference list
at the end of the article. Place references in alphabetical order according to the family name of
the first author.
Tables
Tables should appear after the references and start on a separate page. They should be
numbered consecutively in the order to which they are referred in the text. A short caption
should be given above each table (eg, ‘Table 1. Characteristics of participants.’). Within the
table, give the units of outcome measures in brackets and italics, eg, (m/s). When reporting
counts (frequencies), give percentages in brackets. Use abbreviations for time (ie, s, min, hr,
etc) and amount (ie, kg, deg, Nm, etc) without a legend explaining them. Where abbreviations